task switchingR e v i e w

abstract

‘Switch cost’ is reduced by preparation

Carry-over

Reconfiguration

utilisation behaviour

Grabbing objects in view and starting the ‘appropriate’ behaviour at an 'inappropriate' time.

early research

Prepared Reflex: automaticity and control in S-R translation

Ach: Overlearnt responses competing with the acquisition of novel S-R mapping.

Jersild - Task-switching: repeating/ alternating

task switching paradigms

Jersild’s method

Alternating-runs paradigm - task alternates every N trials, where N is constant and predictable

Prespecified task sequence (e.g. colour-shape -colour )

Task-cueing paradigm, task is unpredictable, task cue appears either with or before S

Intermittent-instruction paradigm, interrupted by an instruction

basic phinomena

Switch cost(task-repetition benefit)

Preparation effect

Residual cost

Mixing cost

Predictable and unpredictabletask switching

odd/even, high/low

cued by colour/ by shape

preparation effect

residual cost

To classify digit(odd/even) or letter(consonant/vowel)

preparation effectresidual cost

sources of the switch cost

Time taken by control operations - TSR

Transient task-set inertia

Associative retrieval

All of the above?

brain correlates of task switching

Medial and lateral regions of the prefrontal cortex

Parietal lobes

Cerebellum

Subcortical regions

issues for further research

Problems with preparation effect

The role of language

Puzzling observations