1.1 what is chemistry objectives define chemistry differentiate between microscopic and macroscopic...
TRANSCRIPT
1.1 What is Chemistry
Objectives• Define Chemistry• Differentiate between microscopic and
macroscopic• Know the relationship between pure and
applied chemistry• ID and describe the 5 primary disciplines of
chemistry• Real World
1.2 The Scientific MethodObjectives• Describe how the Renaissance period in
history changed the approach to science.• Identify the steps of the scientific method.• Differentiate between the independent
variable and the dependent variable in an experiment.• Differentiate between Scientific Theory and
Scientific law
1.3 The International System of Units
Objectives: • Identify the seven base units of the International
System of Units.• Know the commonly used metric prefixes.• Use scientific notation to express large and small
numbers.• Distinguish between mass and weight.• Convert between the Celsius and Kelvin
temperature scales.• Understand energy as combinations of SI Units.
Measurement SI Base Unit Symbol
Length Meter m
Mass Kilogram kg
Temperature Kelvin K
Time Second s
Amount Mole mol
Light Intensity Candela cd
Electric Current Ampere A
1.4 Identify and use conversion factors.
• Use the method of dimensional analysis to convert between units.
1.5 Uncertainty in Measurements
• Distinguish between accuracy and precision in measurements.• Calculate the percent error of a measured quantity.• Report measured values to the correct number of
significant figures based on the measuring tool.• Perform calculations with measured quantities,
rounding the answers to the correct number of significant figures.
Types of DataData refers to
information
Qualitative DataDescribes somethingTexture, Color, etc
Quantitative DataMeasures SomethingLength, Mass, Time,
etc
Determine if each of the following is a qualitative or
quantitative measurement.
A.The sandwich has ham in it. B.There are four eggs in the
carton. C.I used 230 grams of NaOH. D.I added water to the solution.
MeasurementsAccuracy
How close a measurement comes to the accepted answer
PrecisionHow close a series of measurements are to each other.
How specific an measurement is10 vs. 10.01 vs. 10.007
Let’s use a golf analogy
Accurate? No
Precise? Yes
Accurate? Yes
Precise? Yes
Precise? No
Accurate?No
Accurate? Yes
Precise? We can’t say!
Accurate? Precise?
Accurate? Precise?
Accurate? Precise?
ErrorAccepted value – The right answer• Based on reliable references• Also called Theoretical Yield
Experimental Value- what you get in lab• Also called Actual Yield
MeasurementsDetermining Error
How far your measurement is from the accepted value.
Value AcceptedValue alExperimentError
Percent Error
errorPercent Error = 100%
accepted value
How many sig figs in the following measurements?
1.770 mL2.0.0700 mL3.7070 mL4.0.007 mL5.7000 mL6.70.070 mL7.77.0 mL
1.6 Understanding Density
• Understand density as a physical property of matter.• Perform calculations with derived units, including
density.