11- tacids final report final unencrypted.doc

7/27/2019 11- TACIDS Final Report FINAL unencrypted.doc

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TACIDS: Tactical IdentificationSystem

Using Facial Recognition

Award # 2007-RG-CX-K001

Submitted by:The Automated Regional Justie !n"ormation $stem

Submitted to:%&& 'e(artment o" Justie)""ie o" Justie *rograms+ational !nstitute o" Justie

Tactical Identification System

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TA,. )/ C)+T.+T

C)+T.+TABSTRACT........................................................................................3

BACKR!U"D................................................................................#

STAT$%$"T !F T&$ 'R!B($% ........................................................ )

'UR'!S$.........................................................................................)

R$S$ARC&A"DD$SI"%$T&!DS...........................................................*

(!CA(!UTR$AC&...............................................................................+TACIDS %ARK$TR$S$ARC&'R!C$SS:..................................................,-

SIT$ISITSA"D'R!DUCTD$%!S........................................................,)

R$S$ARC& FI"DI"S:...................................................................,)

I%'(ICATI!"S F!R '!(IC/ A"D 'RACTIC$.....................................,0

%!BI($ A''(ICATI!" T$C&"ICA( A''R!AC&................................,0

DATA S!URC$S............................................................................1-

%!BI($ D$IC$ S$($CTI!"...........................................................1,

................................................................................................... 13

S$CURIT/ R$2UIR$%$"TS ........................................................... 13

FU"CTI!"A(!A(SA"DR$2UIR$%$"TS.................................................1*

ACC$SS C!"TR!( AUDITI"......................................................31

$RR!R &A"D(I"........................................................................31

TACIDS !UTC!%$S ...................................................................... 31

"$4T ST$'S.................................................................................3+

C!"C(USI!"...............................................................................#-

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TACIDS: Tactical Identification

SystemUsing Facial Recognition

A,TRACT

ARJ! the Automated Regional Justie !n"ormation $stem aonsortium o" 2 loal state and "ederal law en"orement agenieswas awarded a grant to deelo( a mo3ile tatial identi"iation and4uer$ s$stem 3ased on "aial reognition "or use 3$ law en"oremento""iers and inestigators& To initiate this e""ort ARJ! om(letede5tensie researh on urrent tehnologies and standards to inlude amar6et sure$ and ealuation o" "aial reognition (roduts& )ne o" theto(-rated "aial reognition algorithms was then identi"ied along withstate o" the art 3iometri (roessing tehnolog$ as the 3asis "or3uilding the mo3ile a((liation&

ARJ! added an enoding (roess and a we3 series om(onent in itse5isting suite o" law en"orement tools whih allows an o""ier in the"ield to ta6e a (hoto selet one o" seeral aaila3le image re(ositoriesand u(load it to a serer-side om(onent whih mathes it against theoer 100000 3oo6ing (hotos in the an 'iego Count$ Cal-*hoto

mugshot node and the more than 8000 images ontained in theChula 9ista *olie 'e(artments )""ender Tra6 3oo6ing s$stem&*ositie mathes are then (roessed on the serer side and a galler$o" (otential andidates is sent 3a6 to the law en"orement agent "orom(arison&

!" the agent identi"ies a (ositie math "rom the (hoto lineu( a 4uer$ma$ then 3e initiated against ARJ! )+AA ;)""ier +oti"iation andmart Alerting $stem


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su3?et& %ltimatel$ it leerages the e5isting 3ase o" more than @00

ARJ! wireless deie users in the an 'iego region eah e4ui((ed

with a digital amera and 3road3and onnetion and the an 'iego

3oo6ing (hotos housed and maintained 3$ ARJ!&

The ARJ! =ireless *rogram has shown great suess at (roidingin"ormation to law en"orement entities wor6ing in the "ield 4ui6l$

seurel$ and relia3l$ and this (ro?et gies them another tool to

e5(and their a(a3ilities& /urthermore it saes o""iers time 3$

eliminating the need to trans(ort (ersons to a (olie "ailit$ and

enhanes o""ier sa"et$ 3$ reduing (h$sial ontat o""iers o"ten

hae to ma6e when indiiduals are not 3eing oo(eratie&

,ACKGR)%+'

>an$ inestigators and (atrol o""iers s(end the ma?orit$ o" their shi"tawa$ "rom the o""ie and outside o" their ehiles& )"ten time thisresults in dela$s getting sus(et and ehile res(onses oer the radio"rom dis(athers who hae higher (riorities& Too o"ten (otentialsus(ets are misidenti"ied or released 3e"ore (ositie identi"iationan 3e on"irmed&

=ireless tehnolog$ has (rogressed to the (oint where it is 3eingem3raed 3$ law en"orement more than eer 3e"ore& This has set thestage "or enhaning the a3ilit$ "or o""iers to gain aess to missionritial in"ormation that was neer 3e"ore (ossi3le& =ith that said

(ositie identi"iation o" indiiduals detained and sus(eted o" riminalatiit$ is still a hallenge& !n man$ ases (hoto images are aessi3lethrough wireless deies 3ut that assumes that the o""ier has a nameor other 3iogra(hial data to searh on& /aial reognition tehnolog$uses the 3iometri harateristis o" the "ae itsel" in order to searhon similar images within a data3ase (roiding $et another mehanismo" identi"$ing these (eo(le&

Com3ining the "aial reognition tehnolog$ with that o" a wirelessdeie thats alread$ e4ui((ed with a 3uilt-in digital amera (roides auni4ue o((ortunit$ to 3uild a law en"orement a((liation that is

a(a3le o" not onl$ assisting in the (ositie identi"iation o" a (erson3ut an 3e "urther leeraged into the reation o" new "ield interiew orsus(iious atiit$ reords om(lete with new digital images andautomated date time and geogra(hi stam(s& These reords then3eome (art o" the data (ool "or "uture 4ueries&!n an e""ort to (ilot an im(lementation o" mo3ile "aial reognitiontehnolog$ "or (eae o""iers in 2007 +!J awarded a grant to the

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Automated Regional Justie !n"ormation $stem ;ARJ!< to deelo( anin"ormation sharing (roo"-o"-one(t 6nown as TAC!' ;Tatial!denti"iation $stem.+T )/ T. *R),.>)"ten as law en"orement entities wor6 in a tatial enironment the$enounter indiiduals unwilling to oo(erate and gie auratein"ormation& ometimes this la6 o" oo(eration renders it im(ossi3leto (ositiel$ identi"$ the indiidual& =ith limited ause o""iers ma$ 3euna3le to detain these (ersons long enough to on"irm their identit$and thus miss an o((ortunit$ to detain a wanted (erson&

*eae o""iers hae multi(le tools at their dis(osal to assist in the

identi"iation o" (ersons that are ontated starting with (hoto

identi"iation arried and dis(la$ed on demand& !n man$ ontats

o""iers hae had (rior ontat and are alread$ "amiliar with the(ersons identit$& )ther traditional methods inlude as6ing (ertinent

4uestions and then eri"$ing through 'e(artment o" >otor 9ehile

driers liense and registration reords and in the ase o" ARJ!

eri"$ing against inident reords& >ore reentl$ "ield (ersonnel hae

had aess to mug shot (hotos and Cali"ornia driers liense (hotos

where the$ an ma6e a isual om(arison 3etween those (hotos and

the (ersons standing in "ront o" them&

=hile these tools hae 3een a tremendous hel( there is nothing to

assist when the (erson o" interest gies totall$ "alse and uneri"ia3lein"ormation& =hen all else "ails and i" (ro3a3le ause "or an arrest

e5ists the (erson an 3e handu""ed and trans(orted to a "ailit$

where "inger(rints an (roide (ositie identi"iation& This (roess is

timel$ and an (ut o""iers at ris6 as unoo(eratie indiiduals an

turn iolent&

(ur(oseReal-time automati aess to "aial reognition tools an 3e

e5tremel$ alua3le in situations where asertaining an indiidualsidentit$ is an essential element o" a rime& >ost im(ortantl$ 6nowingthe identit$ o" a sus(et allows o""iers to more auratel$ ealuateand (redit (otential dangers that ma$ arise during an inestigatiesto(&

ARJ! and its mem3er agenies hae had tremendous suess with itsmo3ile wireless (rogram& ARJ! law en"orement users an utiliBe their

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la(to(s ta3lets or smart (hones through a seure (riate wirelessnetwor6 to aess in"ormation whih an hel( (ositiel$ identi"$wanted indiiduals& The (rogram urrentl$ su((orts more than @00users and has hel(ed detain numerous (eo(le who would haeotherwise 3een released 3ased on la6 o" (ro3a3le ause& A "aial

reognition (lat"orm used on a ase-3$-ase 4uer$ will add to thee5isting tools whih law en"orement agents use in the (ositieidenti"iation (roess&

The oerall 3udget "or the TAC!' (ro?et was D1000& This (ro?etwas su((orted 3$ a grant awarded 3$ the +ational !nstitute o" Justie;+!J


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urrent status o" the tehnolog$& A"ter researhing this (rogram ARJ!

reahed out to ,C). and was inited to Clar6s3urg =9A "or "urther

disussion on standards and (oliies&

At this time ARJ! was also wor6ing with CA-')J to ensure the TAC!'

(ro?et would 3e onsistent with the states 3iometris standards and(oliies& ARJ! (artii(ated in seeral CA-')J initiaties inluding

E9ision 201@ whih inor(orates "aial reognition tehnolog$& ARJ!

was as6ed 3$ CA-')J to (artii(ate on the /,!s /aial !denti"iation

ienti"i =or6ing Grou( ;/!=G< to address the lassi"iation and

indiidualiBation o" human 3eings through the (hotogra(hi

om(arison o" their isi3le (h$sial attri3utes suh as "ae ear s6in

te5ture and hair&

The /!=G deelo(s onsensus standards guidelines and 3est

(raties "or the disi(line o" "aial reognition& These standards wereused in the deelo(ment o" the TAC!' (lat"orm& The main o3?eties

o" the wor6ing grou( are:

- Coordinate interation o" mem3ers o" the releant ommunit$ "or"aial reognition to ma5imiBe olletie resouresF

- 'oument the sienti"i 3asis "or "aial reognitionF- tandardiBe the (raties "or "aial reognition to inlude standard

o(erating (roedures and trainingF- Adane the sienti"i 3asis 3$ (romoting olla3oration ga(

identi"iation and (rioritiBation o" s(ei"i researh deelo(menttest and ealuation to(isF

- *romote the (roduts o" the /!=G to mem3ers o" the (ertinento(erational ommunities inluding riminal ?ustie intelligeneand identi"$ managementF

- >aintain urren$ o" the a3oe and res(ond to emerginghallenges suh as tehnolog$ adanement and legalre4uirements&

Nlets

ARJ! was inited to (artii(ate in a s(eial wor6sho( whih onened inChiago on 'eem3er 2010& The wor6sho( was s(onsored 3$ +lets

;+ational aw .n"orement Teleommuniations $stem< "or the (ur(ose o"

deelo(ing a model *ria$ !m(at Assessment re(ort whih in turn

(rodued a set o" *oli$ and *roedure douments diretl$ related to the

use o" "aial reognition tehnolog$ as a((lied to driers liense and mug

shot (hoto images "or law en"orement& u3?et >atter .5(erts "rom ARJ!

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/,! +ew Jerse$ tate *olie !llinois tate *olie +orth Carolina

'e(artment o" >otor 9ehiles *inellas Count$ /lorida heri""s

'e(artment 'elaware tate *olie )regon tate *olie +ew or6 tate

'e(artment o" >otor 9ehiles Cum3erland Count$ *enns$lania 'istrit

Attorne$ and the Chiago igh !ntensit$ 'rug Tra""i6ing Area (artii(ated

in this eent and all (roided alua3le "eed3a6&

The "inal +lets *ria$ !m(at Assessment and *oli$ and *roedure

douments were om(leted in June 2011 and (u3lished shortl$ therea"ter&

These douments sere as the "oundation "or the ARJ! TAC!' (olies and

(roedures&

)CA)%TR.ACARJ! sta"" attended meetings with seeral user grou(s and ?oined a

Tehnial Adisor$ Grou( ;TAG< with the an 'iego heri""s 'e(artmentCrime a3s Cal-!' diision& This grou( held regional status meetings

regarding mo3ile identi"iation e""orts "unded 3$ the Cali"ornia RA+ ,oard&

To(is ranged "rom regional Automated /inger(rint !denti"iation $stem

;A/!< u(grade ;"rom +.C to Cogento3ile!'e omeI (ro?et to "aial reognition

tehnolog$ in general&

These meetings were 3ene"iial in setting the stage "or a more glo3al

solution to 3iometri identi"iation tehni4ues while leeraging e5isting

"unding and tehnial resoures in a more ohesie oerall (lan to (roide"ield o""iers with the most om(rehensie tools aaila3le&

)""iers "rom multi(le agenies were seleted to (artii(ate in the TAC!'

test (ortion o" this (ro?et a"ter the so"tware solution was in (lae& ARJ!

held multi(le wireless "ous grou(s with o""iers at the loal state and

"ederal leel to o3tain their "eed3a6 "or the deelo(ment o" the use ase

and "untional s(ei"iations&

Inte5net 5esea5c7 to identify e8isting studies on t7e to6ic of facial

5ecognition:

!nternet researh was om(leted to o3tain in"o on e5isting standards

tehnologies and to determine i" o(en soure tehnologies ould 3e

leeraged "or the deelo(ment o" TAC!'& This researh hel(ed guide the

tehnial solution "or the grant and seeral o" the 6e$ douments are

desri3ed 3elow&

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+!T /aial Reognition tudies

+!T ;+ational !nstitute o" tandards and Tehnolog$< The +!T we3site was onsulted "or an$ and alldoumentation relatie to /aial Reognition standards&

*ertinent douments were downloaded and reiewed& Themost reent atiit$ s(onsored 3$ +!T inludes seeralre(orts that were (u3lished in 2011 and 2012& TheA+!+!T-!T tandard %(date "or 2011 ;'ata /ormat "orthe !nterhange o" /inger(rint /aial L )ther ,iometri!n"ormation


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TAC!' grant& A 2010 u(date to the Colorado tate%niersit$ we3site:htt(:www&s&olostate&edueal"aerenews2010&(h( e5(lains that their "ae reognition ealuation site has nothanged muh sine its release in 200 and the$

a6nowledge and stress that muh wor6 has 3een done ;ingeneral< in this "ield within the (ast deade&

)(en C9 ;Com(uter 9ision< li3rar$ re"erene manual

)(enC9 The )(en oure Com(uter 9ision li3rar$ wasdeelo(ed as a mehanism "or so"tware deelo(mentwhere one o" the om(onents deals with /ae Reognition&!t an (roide a starting (oint "or deelo(ers to reate(roduts "or *Cs& !ntel Cor(oration (u3lished an )(enC9

Re"erene >anual in 2000& /or the (ur(oses o" this grant)(en oure is not a ia3le o(tion "or deelo(ing a aw.n"orement /ae Reognition (rodut in-house& Researhinto the to(i onludes that muh deelo(ment hasalread$ ta6en (lae and adaned so"tware has alread$3een (rodued and im(lemented "or the aw .n"orementommunit$ 3$ seeral endors who hae s(ent man$ $earsand sta""-hours aom(lishing this& ARJ! is not in the(osition o" starting this e""ort "rom srath&

TAC!' >ARK.TR..ARC*R)C.:The (roess o" researh "or the TAC!' ;/aial Reognition o"twareathI om(onent in )range Count$ at thistime& The$ demonstrated /ae>ath on a test data3ase 3ut in theirurrent ersion o" Co(lin6 'etet& !t a((eared as a su3-ta3 o" the*erson searh& This allows "or standard 3iogra(hi "iltering whilesimultaneousl$ su3mitting a (ro3e image "or om(arison& !ts as sim(leas dragging and dro((ing or 3rowsing "or a ?(g image into the Co(lin6/ae>ath (hoto "rame& =hen the searh is e5euted the user seesdi""erent images 4ui6l$ su(erim(osing in the lower right orner ;muhli6e a C! T9 show< and then similar images with (ro3a3ilit$ sores are

dis(la$ed in a galler$ where the o""ier an reiew eah one and thenselet "or more detail& )ne seleted the user is (resented with thestandard list o" inident douments and assoiations "or that (erson&Additionall$ ARJ! and )range Count$ are alread$ onneted node tonode and these searhes an 3e e5euted aross nodes&

"inellas Co'nt heriffs Office* Florida Facial eco!nition stem -)ne o" the law en"orement leaders in "aial reognition s$stems is the*inellas Count$ heri""s 'e(artment& The$ hae a er$ ro3ust s$stemwith seeral law en"orement (artners inluding >iami-'ade (olieand the /lorida tate '>9& The$ hae 3een using -1 !dentit$ olutions

;9iisage algorithm< "or seeral $ears& !t is used to a(ture mug shotimages during the 3oo6ing (roess and is (ro3ed "rom des6to( andmo3ile a((liations& The ARJ! TAC!' (ro?et manager witnessed alie demonstration o" this (rodut during an +lets wor6ing grou(meeting in Chiago& A a(tain "rom the *inellas Count$ heri""s )""iegae the demonstration adding that the$ hae 3een using thistehnolog$ "or a3out ten $ears and that the$ hae seeral suessstories om(iled&

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)" all o" the (ro(rietar$ "aial reognition algorithms researhed thereare "our that a((eared to hae the 3est hane "or suess within theARJ! enironment:

Cogniteco Currentl$ used 3$ os Angeles heri"" an 'iego heri""

and endorsed 3$ Air3orne ,iometris Grou(

(9,s iisageo !n use at *inellas Count$ /lorida and *enns$lania tate

*olie among others

Cogento Relatiel$ new to "ae reognition 3ut is a Cali"ornia

om(an$ with muh e5(eriene and a great (resene in3iometri identi"iation ;(rimaril$ "inger(rint identi"iationath module is 3uilt into the

e5isting Co(lin6 searh inter"ae where a math on a "ae$ields identi"iers that are alread$ lin6ed to inident dataontained within the Co(lin6 data3ase& !t is also a(a3le o"doing node to node searhes&

'uring the ourse o" this researh ARJ! has learned that there areseeral di""erent (ur(oses "or "ae reognition so"tware within the lawen"orement enironment& ere are a "ew e5am(les:

1& /ield identi"iation o" (ersons through one to man$ mathingagainst (hoto re(ositor$

2& /orensi identi"iation o" un6nown (ersons "rom sureillane(hotos

& !nmate tra6ing within a detentions s$stem using "aereognition

D& >itigation o" !' Card and 'riers iense "raud using "ae

reognition

@& *roatie alerting o" 6nown riminal and Hwath listI (ersons ialie ideo

This researh "oused on the "irst e5am(le ;"ield identi"iation< 3ut3eause ARJ! is atiel$ engaged in a (roatie alerting e""ort ;)""ier

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+oti"iation and mart Alerting $stem< and /ield !nteriews ;otherwise6nown as us(iious Atiit$ Re(orts


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"unding awarded in the grant%G s$stem through a we3 serie at some (oint in the "uture&

/or this e""ort TAC!' will utiliBe the ARJ! Cal-*hoto data3ase&

)n a (arallel (ro?et ARJ! added a "aial reognition om(onent to the

e5isting Co(lin6 s$stem entitled /ae>ath& This s$stem utiliBes the

9isi(hor algorithm whih is now owned 3$ Co(lin6& ARJ! will 3e onduting

side 3$ side om(arisons 3etween TAC!' and Co(lin6 /ae>ath to

ealuate (er"ormane and suess"ul "ield identi"iation inidents&

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>),!. '.9!C. ..CT!)+

ine the wireless (rogram ine(tion in the earl$ 2000s ARJ! has

rolled out multi(le deies to users in throughout an 'iego& /or this

(ro?et it was im(ortant that the deies we installed TAC!' on had asuita3le amera& =ith so man$ o(tions aaila3le urrentl$ aaila3le

the deision was made to selet a sam(le o" deies "ield test them

and sure$ the "ield-testing (artii(ants&

.ight deies that ARJ! had (reiousl$ a4uired were seleted "or "ield

testing&

S$($CT$D D$IC$S

&TC $


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re4uirements as well as the image 4ualit$ o" the deies& There were

seeral "ous grou( meetings to o3tain "eed3a6 the arious deies&

There were two setions in the sure$& !n the setion on image 4ualit$

sure$ res(ondents a(tured oer 100 images& Res(ondents rated

the images ;(oor satis"ator$ e5ellent< in thirteen ategories:

*hotos ta6en outside at night

*hotos ta6en outside in the da$

*hotos ta6en inside

*hotos ta6en while su3?et is in motion

*hotos ta6en while $ou are in motion

*hotos ta6en through a windshield

*hotos ta6en while driing

A3ilit$ to "ous on $our target Time and s(ae it ta6es to download (hotos to $our mahine

Amount o" time it ta6es to "ous

A3ilit$ to ta6e maro (hotos ;lose u( suh as a sar.+T

=hen ARJ! 3egan to im(lement a((liations "or *'As and mart

*hones the o(erating s$stem o" hoie was =indows >o3ile& ine

that time tehnolog$ has hanged dramatiall$ and the mar6et has

drien the ellular arriers to standardiBe on Android and A((le !)3ased deies& ,eause A((le is not /!* om(laint and to ensure we

are "ollowing /,! and Cal-')J eurit$ re4uirements the ARJ! deies

use the Android )(erating s$stem& There was a signi"iant amount o"

wor6 that went into ensuring the deies and the o(erating s$stems

met /,! CJ! and Cal-')J seurit$

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The ARJ! internal tehnial "ramewor6 "or wireless deies was

esta3lished to ensure usa3ilit$ "rom an end user stand-(oint while

maintain om(lete seurit$ and management o" the deie& The

"ramewor6 mirrors CJ! re4uirements "or ensuring 3oth the (h$sial

and networ6 seurit$ o" the deies& The ARJ! "ramewor6 was

e5tensiel$ tested and onsists o" the "ollowing metris:

The deie seurit$ must not inter"ere with the "untionalit$ o"the deie&

The deie must 3e on"igured to den$ the a3ilit$ to store(otentiall$ sensitie data (h$siall$ on the deie&

The deie must meet CJ! riteria "or /irewall .nr$(tion and9irus *rotetion&

The deie must use C)T ;Common o"" the shel"< so"tware to6ee( osts low&

The deie must 3e remotel$ managea3le and the deieon"iguration must 3e (roteted against hanges andunauthoriBed on"igurations&

CJ! seurit$ re4uirements s(ei"iall$ state that an$ deie whih

onnets to a law en"orement networ6 must meet the "ollowing

re4uirements:

/!* 1D0-2 .nr$(tion tandards

The deie must hae a on"igura3le "irewall a3le to 3lo6 (orts

and 3e managed& The deie must hae a management utilit$ "or remotemanagement&

The deie must hae irus (rotetion&

The deie must hae a sreen lo6 (assword ena3led u(onstart-u(&

The ARJ! amsung deies hae 3een a((roed as /!* 1D0-2

om(liant deies (er the manu"aturer whih is wh$ the$ were

s(ei"iall$ hosen "or our (ro?et& To meet CJ! re4uirements we

installed an all-in-one (rodut alled A9AT that (roides us a user

on"igura3le "irewall irus (rotetion and anti-the"t as well as

enr$(tion "eatures& =e hae hand on"igured eah deie to 3e e5at

with s(ei"i a((liations and (orts 3lo6ed& =e also hae seondar$

irus (rotetion so"tware alled J%+) installed on the deies to

ensure ma5imum (rotetion&

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The ARJ! so"tware is we3 3ased and we hae on"igured the deies

we3 3rowser to lear all ahe and data u(on e5it and wi(e it "rom

memor$& Connetiit$ to the ARJ! we3 a((liations re4uires the use o"

a two "ator 9*+ to6en whih (roides seure ommuniations oer

the wireless networ6&

!n addition to meet the remote management re4uirements we use a

(rodut alled >o3iControl that allows us to ontrol an$ deie

remotel$ u(date its on"iguration and shut it down remotel$ i"

re4uired& =e are e5(loring other (roduts that will enhane this

"untionalit$&

%(on 3oot the deie is immediatel$ sent to sreen lo6 where the

user is re4uired to enter a (assword& .er$ time the deie times out

or goes into (ower saing mode u(on wa6ing u( the deie re4uires

that (assword to 3e entered again 3e"ore use&

=hile we were re4uired to R))T the deie to install the "irewall we

use the same A9AT (rotetion so"tware to lo6 down the u(er %ser

(ermissions (reenting unauthoriBed administration o" the deie& =e

also suess"ull$ reset the R))T (assword "or the deies with a

hardened (assword "or ARJ!&

Rooting the deies was an e5tremel$ la3or intensie tas6 mainl$

3eause we had to ta6e the standard arrier Android ersion on the

deie and reom(ile the ) in?eting the u(er %ser R))Ta((liation& =hile there are multi(le R)>s urrentl$ aaila3le "or the

deies that are alread$ rooted we ould not ta6e a hane that an$ o"

the (u3liall$ aaila3le ones ontained 3ugs or issues or were alread$

om(romised&

.ah deie also had to (ass s(ei"i alidation testing inluding the

testing o" the "irewall a((liation against 6nown e5(loits as well as

(ur(osel$ e5(osing the deie to malware and iruses to ensure the

deie res(onded aordingl$& !n on"iguring the anti-the"t we were

a3le to mas6 the deies u(er %ser aess enr$(t the administrator(assword and set seurit$ (oliies on the (hone diretl$ to ensure that

the (hone is wi(ed u(on on"igured triggers&

The "inal seurit$ "eature is the use o" a diret 9*+ onnetion with our

hosen wireless arrier (rint& All wireless deies hae an ARJ!

assigned internal !* address whih (rint routes diretl$ to us&

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Regardless o" where the deie onnets on the (rint networ6 all

data tra""i is routed through the seure ARJ! onnetion with (rint

diretl$ 3a6 to ARJ! "or 3oth !nternet and 9*+ ommuniations

meaning the deie also (asses through the ARJ! +etwor6 *ro5$ and

/irewall serers diretl$&

The urrent "rame wor6 and solution while still a wor6 in (rogress is

s(ei"iall$ designed to 3e Android deie agnosti meet usa3ilit$

re4uirements and CJ! re4uirements "or seurit$& =e are also loo6ing

to olla3orate with other agenies to re"ine additional seurit$ "eatures

and (oliies to hel( sha(e "uture mo3ile deie seurit$ (oliies& ARJ!

is also e5(loring additional remote management and seurit$ o(tions

to "urther enhane our mo3ile deies&

/%+CT!)+AG)A

A+'

R.O%!R.>.+T

TAC!' is a modular so"tware solution "or aw .n"orement "ield

(ersonnel using "aial reognition tehnolog$& The (rimar$ (ur(ose is

to "ailitate andor eri"$ the identi"iation o" indiiduals enountered

3$ aw .n"orement o""iials in the "ield when other more traditional

means are not e""etie or aaila3le& !n order "or this tehnolog$ to

wor6 seeral re4uirements needed to 3e met&

!denti"$ one or more (hoto image re(ositories ;data3aseo3ile

A((liation

!n addition to the a(ture

a3ilit$ using the smart

(hones on3oard amera

the TAC!' mo3ile

a((liation must (roide

a mehanism to attah an

e5isting loall$ stored J*G

image "or su3mittal to the

searh engine&

1@ R/.R

!ntegration

The TAC!' mo3ile

a((liation "untionalit$

must 3e written in

modular "orm so that it

an 3e easil$ integrated

into the e5isting R/.R

mo3ile a((liation& This

will allow "or reursie

status and inident-3ased

4ueries o" TAC!' searh

results without the need

3


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to swith a((liations and

re-enter the searh

riteria&

ACC. C)+TR) L A%'!T!+G

%ser authentiation and authoriBation uses the ARJ! eurit$ Center

;'A* to Atie 'iretor$< 3ut also has its own on"igura3le seurit$

module "or entities that do not utiliBe 'A*& The TAC!' .ngine will

manage items suh as:

ogin seurit$ (arameters ;(assword om(le5it$re4uirements.

!+ 2011 through a (artnershi( with the 'e(artment o" omeland

eurit$ ARJ! de(lo$ed 2@0 amsung ta3lets e4ui((ed with aess to

ARJ! a((liations to an 'iego Count$ Terrorism iaison )""iers&

,eause this grou( was "amiliar with the ARJ! =ireless *rogram

amsung ta3let "untionalit$ and is om(rised o" o""iers "rom multi

?urisditions it was reommend a seleted grou( o" twent$ wouldsere as the TAC!' test and user grou(& The users with the highest

usage and those who had (roided the most "eed3a6 to ARJ! were

seleted& The grou( whih onsisted o" (olie o""iers agents and

de(ut$ sheri""s was introdued to TAC!' and then trained on the use

o" the s$stem& !mmediatel$ a"ter the TAC!' a((liation was made

aaila3le "or users to test ARJ! reeied "eed3a6 regarding the alue

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the tool 3rought to the law en"orement ommunit$&

+ews o" TAC!' s(read 4ui6l$ and ARJ! users "rom aross the region

were re4uesting aess to the a((liation& The demand "or TAC!'

3eame een more eident a"ter the s$stem was (resented to the

ARJ! Chie"s heri""s >anagement Committee& The Committee wasim(ressed with the a((liations "untionalit$ and the (otential time

saings it would (roide their agenies&

=hile man$ o" these agenies alread$ had amsung ta3lets some

were using mart(hones& At the agenies re4uest TAC!' was

im(lemented on mart(hones& ARJ! was a3le to ensure that the

"untionalit$ o" the a((liation remained the same and CJ! seurit$

re4uirements were still a3le to 3e met& This allowed ARJ! to e5(and

the TAC!' user 3aseF in turn new users were tas6ed with utiliBing the

s$stem during routine tatial o(erations and to re(ort an$ and all"eed3a6 related to the s$stem&

This aess greatl$ assisted ARJ! with testing the TAC!' a((liation&

,eause indiiduals must hae an e5isting (hoto enrolled in TAC!'

testing with lie data was di""iult& ,$ (roiding !mmigration Customs

.n"orement ;!C.< agents with aess to TAC!' tests were a3le to 3e

onduted with lie data& The ma?orit$ o" the time undoumented

(ersons are detained 3$ an 'iego o""iers the$ are sent to the ''

?ail and then trans"erred to !C. 'etention Centers& 'uring the loal

3oo6ing (roess their mugshots are a(tured and u(loaded into the

'' e>ug s$stem the same data ourse TAC!' utiliBes&

,$ (roiding !C. 'etention Center agents with aess to TAC!' the$

were a3le to ta6e indiiduals who had 3een 3rought "rom the ''

loal ?ail out o" their ells and a(ture their images& The images were

then run through TAC!' to determine i" the (hoto lineu( returned to

the agent would inlude the reentl$ a(tured loal '' mugshot

image& This (roess was er$ hel("ul in alidating the TAC!'

"untionalit$ and in ensuring that it was a3le to return mathing

images&

ARJ! reeied a ariet$ o" suess stories whih were hel("ul in

alidating the e""etieness o" the a((liation& !n addition user

meetings were held to identi"$ enhanements the$ "elt would 3e use"ul

in the "uture& ,elow is a sam(le o" suess stories and "eed3a6

(roided 3$ TAC!' users&

3


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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------

A+ '!.G) R.G!)+A /%G!T!9. TAK /)RC.

H! ?ust wanted to send a (ositie note on two eents regardingthe new TAC!' (rogram& Three ta3lets were u(graded with the

test (rogram last wee6& The er$ ne5t da$ we used it on our "irst

all& The residene we were in was a 6nown "lo( house with

seeral ou(ants& )ne male ran out the 3a6 into the garage to

hide 3ut was loated and detained& The male was (hotogra(hed

and entered into the TAC!' s$stem& A 88&87P math was

(roided on the male& A reords he6 o" the name and '),

(roided the male had an atie "elon$ warrant and was a

(arolee at large& an 'iego Regional /ugitie Tas6 /oreI

H)n 0-2-12 the tas6 "ore onduted a high ris6 ontat on a

residene with a sighting o" a (arolee at large entering& The

residene was entered and leared "inding seeral ou(ants

inside& The (arolee at large gae an inorret name to o""iers&

The TAC!' (rogram was utiliBed and a math o" 88&87P o" the

(hoto was gien& A Dth waier searh also "ound a loaded

handgun where the (arolee was hiding&I

H!n "ie da$s o" utiliBing the s$stem three arrests hae 3een

made and seeral (hotos hae 3een u(dated& )ne 10 minutenew u(date was reated with a new (hoto&I

H'uring the annual QXXXXXQ )(eration a male was ontated

and gae a "alse name to the 'e(uties& The ARJ! ta3let was

used and a (ositie identi"iation was made on the su3?et using

TAC!'& The su3?et had three atie "elon$ warrants "or the"t

and seeral (ending ase throughout an 'iego Count$ "or

storage unit the"t&I

H'e(uties onduted a tra""i sto( on a ehile& A male(assenger had no identi"iation and gae a name the de(ut$

3elieed was "alse& ! was ontated and adised the "ield units to

send me a (iture o" the male& The "ield (iture was downloaded

into the TAC!' (rogram& The "irst (iture ! reeied showed the

su3?et with his e$es losed and slightl$ loo6ing down& ! had the

units send me an additional (iture and l attem(ted to enter the

3


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urrent (hoto& The TAC!' (rogram still gae a (ositie hit on

the su3?et in the 70s o" on"idene& The 2nd (iture ! reeied

was o" good 4ualit$ with o(en e$es and no shadowing& !

reeied a 8P on the on"idene leel& The su3?et was

arrested without inident& Additionall$ the su3?et was atiel$

3eing sought a"ter 3$ the an 'iego Regional /ugitie Tas6 /ore

as a (ossi3le armed and dangerous *arolee at arge& The ARJ!

ta3let again was a resoure on and o"" the "ield to identi"$

wanted "ugities and (lae them in ?ail without "urther inident&I

H! reeied this (iture "or !' on the TAC!' (rogram& us(et

was er$ unoo(eratie and was (ositiel$ identi"ied 3$ the sent

(hoto to ta3let& us(et was an A,108 "ormer (arolee and a

9ista ome3o$ gangster& is new harges will 3e driing a

stolen ehile "elon$ hit and run and "elon$ eading& Justthought ! would send another suess stor$&I

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------

!mmigration Customs .n"orement

HThis is the most awesome thing .9.RSSS =e went oer to the

holding ells this morning to tr$ out the TAC!' so"tware& *ulled

out three aliens who were reent ?ail releases& Too6 (itures and

let the mahine do the rest& it with 88&MP on two o" them andthe third was at a MP 3ut it identi"ied all o" them&H

HToda$ while onduting warrant series in )eanside wemade ontat with the neigh3ors o" a su3?et we were loo6ing"or& As we were tal6ing to the indiiduals who lied ne5t door ourQs(id$ sensesQ were tingling& o this neigh3or 3eame the "ouso" a "ield interiew& The su3?et was 3eing easie answering our4uestions& it was determined that the su3?et was in the %nitedtates illegall$ so we arrested him "or that& ! deided to trans(ortthe su3?et downtown still not 6nowing e5atl$ who ! had inustod$& =hile driing him to ?ail ! (rodded a little more and thesu3?et stated that in 200 he reeied a onition "or '%! inan 'iego and that was the )+ time he was arrested& o !whi((ed out the 'roid and sna((ed a 4ui6 (hoto and su3mitted"or searh& The su3?et loo6ed in4uisitiel$ at me not 6nowingthe truth was onl$ seonds awa$& ! reeied a math o"88&8MP& This reealed seeral (rior arrests and onitions and

3


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(roided me an /,! #& =hen ! showed him his 3oo6ing (hoto his?aw dro((ed& Than6s again "or the o((ortunit$ to ealuate thisdeie&I

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

+ational Cit$ *olie 'e(artment omiideGang %nit

HJust wanted to dro( $ou a note on how the "aial reognitionwor6ed $esterda$& Right a"ter our wee6l$ inestigations meeting! was assisting other deteties on a "ollow u( o" a 6idna((ing ro33er$& =e ended u( at the sus(ets house and ontatednumerous (eo(le& ! ontated two (eo(le who were not inoled3ut were in the sus(ets a(artment& )ne had !' and had a

*arolee at arge warrant and was immediatel$ arrested& Theother (erson a "emale had no !' and gae the name o" a real(erson in A& !t was o3ious this "emale had 3een arrested3e"ore 3ut the reords he6 showed no hits o" a riminalreord& At this (oint in the inestigation she was not a sus(et inthe 6idna((ing and we did not hae an$thing else on herU&we6new she was l$ing a3out her identit$ and were running out o"detention time& ! sent another o""ier on m$ team who hadTAC!' on his mart(hone the (hoto o" her and within a ou(leo" minutes we had her identi"ied and learned she was a (aroleeat large& he was arrested "or the warrant and identit$ the"tU

er$ hel("ul tool&I

an 'iego heri""s 'e(artment

H)n 10@12 at a3out 17@0 hours 9ista Tra""i inestigators

res(onded to a re(ort o" a hit and run ollision in the (ar6ing lot

o" loation 1& The ehile inoled was su3se4uentl$ sto((ed in

a near3$ su3diision& 'uring the inestigation a male su3?etwho was driing the ehile at the time o" the tra""i sto(

er3all$ identi"ied himsel" as 'aid Hsus(et oneI& A reord

he6 was unsuess"ul in loating a drier liense or an$ other

in"ormation a3out him and he was ited& e (roided a

thum3(rint on the itation and was (hotogra(hed (rior to 3eing

released&I

3


37/41

H)n 10M12 an ARJ! anal$st >uenBer was emailed a (hoto o"

Hsus(et oneI and his two om(anions& Anal$st >uenBer ran the

(hotos (roided through the TAC!' ta3let and then Co(lin6

/ae >ath& The (rograms resulted in a (ossi3le math o" H>r&

XXXI& ,oth s$stems $ielded >r& XXX as a high on"idene

math& )n 101112 'e(uties "rom the 9ista Gang .n"orement

Team loated the motor home inoled in the original inident&

>r& XXX was ontated inside the motor home& >r& XXX again

identi"ied himsel" as sus(et one& %(on 3eing (resented with a

o($ o" a (reious 3oo6ing (hoto >r& XXX admitted his true

identit$ he was su3se4uentl$ 3oo6ed on a "elon$ warrant&I

H! hae 3een wor6ing da$ shi"t in the emon Groe (ring

9alle$ area& =e swith to nights on 10-20-12& ! hae used the

TAC!' on a3out a doBen su3?ets who were sto((ed "oriolations and were not arr$ing !'& u3?ets either onsented to

3eing (hotogra(hed or were 3eing ited "or arious reasons& The

(rogram has wor6ed 10 o" 12 times auratel$ !' the su3?et&

The other two were 3elieed to not hae a (reious reord& The

s$stem has led to arrests "or D "elon$ warrants and two *As&

Two other indiiduals had non-3oo6a3le misdemeanor warrants&I

HThe team is er$ ha(($ with the s$stem& The$ (lan to use it

more when on night shi"t and ontats go u(& !t has 3een less

e""etie when su3?et is in (artial sun& .ither "ull light or "ullshadow wor6s 3est& olding in (anorami iew is more e""etie

than (ortrait& Cant wait to add the "inger(rint module&I

The suess stories that resulted "rom TAC!' alidated the time

saings that "aial reognition in the "ield ena3les users 3$ assisting

them in (ositie identi"iations and in the detainment o" (arolees at

large who were not "orthoming with their (reious harges&

/urthermore the users re(orted the tools a3ilit$ to redue the

"re4uen$ o" (h$sial "ore the$ are o"ten re4uired to use when

indiiduals are 3eing unoo(eratie& ,$ ena3ling o""iers to remain ashort distane awa$ "rom indiiduals and ta6ing their (iture erses

haing to (h$siall$ searh them "or identi"iation or "oring them into

"inger(rints TAC!' has enhaned o""ier sa"et$&

3


38/41

This (ro?et also resulted in a reommended set o" re4uirements "or

im(lementation o" the "aial reognition (lat"orm in the (u3li sa"et$

mo3ile enironment&

o =ireless deies must 3e a(a3le o" sending and reeiing

data oer a wireless networ6 that meets seurit$re4uirements& !t is also im(eratie "or the mo3ile deies

to hae ameras that are a(a3le o" interating with

ustom so"tware& /ortunatel$ ARJ! alread$ had a mo3ile

(rogram in (lae with a (riate networ6 seurit$ and

remote aess su((ort "or deies with 3uilt in ameras&

o There are three so"tware liensing om(onents re4uired to

im(lement this solution&

Algorithm liense - the lienses an 3e ostl$ as the$are 3ased on the num3er o" image HenrollmentsI

during the enoding (roess& !n the ase o" ARJ! an

a((ro(riate num3er was 2000000 images& The

enoding (roess a"ter the initial run must hae an

ongoing (roess "or newl$ reated reords&

,a6end *roessing - su3mission o" (ro3e images to

the s$stem and (roides the "eed3a6 to the o""iers&The 3a6-end solution must 3e a(a3le o" interating

with the mo3ile a((liation& A data3ase o" (hotos

must e5ist that ontains images that are o" su""iient

4ualit$ to 3e enoded&

>o3ile and 'es6to( Client liense these lienses

are usuall$ 3ased on the num3er o" deies that

utiliBe the mo3ile or des6to( a((liation&

+.XT T.*

As tehnolog$ adanes the use o" mo3ile and 3iometri tools will

ontinue to (la$ a (iotal role in the law en"orement ommunit$&

ARJ! intends to sta$ at the "ore"ront o" this trend 3$ e5(anding on

3


39/41

these tools as new tehnologies are deelo(ed and 3$ ealuating

those that are alread$ in (lae&

ARJ! will ealuate the TAC!' (rogram to address to(is suh as

enironmental "ators the releane o" on"identiall$ sores and how

the so"tware om(ares to other similar tehnologies& The ealuationresults will 3e (roided to (u3li sa"et$ agenies through out the

nation who are im(lementing similar s$stems&

'uring this "irst (hase o" TAC!' "eed3a6 was o3tained on

indiiduals "aial e5(ressions and how the$ a""eted the on"identialit$

rates o" res(onses& %sers also re(orted the in"luene sunlight (la$ed

on image mathing& ARJ! intends to e5(and on this 3$ addressing

other "ators suh as s6in olor and the (ro5imit$ to the indiidual

whose image is 3eing a(tured&

An agen$ in /lorida using "aial reognition does not return

on"identialit$ sores with the assoiated images& ARJ! was in"ormed

that the reason "or this was that the agen$ did not want the sores to

in"luene users deisions while ma6ing (ositie identi"iations& ARJ!

intends to assess how on"identialit$ rates were utiliBed 3$ TAC!'

users when ma6ing (ositie identi"iations&

Also (lanned is to om(are the TAC!' so"tware with other "aial

reognition (roduts suh as C)*!+Ks /ae >ath& ARJ! has

(roured and installed this (rodut and is in the (roess o" testing theso"tware& !mages will 3e su3mitted to 3oth s$stems to om(are the

return rates and time&

ARJ! will ontinue to maintain its (artnershi( with +lets and the

Cali"ornia 'e(artment o" Justie and will (artii(ate wheneer new

"aial reognition data soures 3eome aaila3le& The TAC!' solution

is staged to allow interation with other s$stems through we3 series

as long as the other data soures an (roide su""iient 3iogra(hial

data along with the return list& *otential soures ARJ! is loo6ing at to

inlude: Cali"ornia Cal-Gangs *arole.A' as well as CA 'e(artmento" >otor 9ehiles&

/inall$ the /,! and ARJ! are (ro(osing to enhane this tool 3$

deelo(ing the a3ilit$ "or users to attah (itures o" >Ts to TAC!'

reords& The images will 3e aom(anied 3$ "ields ontaining

seleta3le desri(tions o" the sars mar6s and tattoos& T$(iall$ the

3


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metadata agenies use to desri3e >Ts is 3ased on +C!C standard

odes& oweer these standards are outdated and do not inlude

desri(tions suh as "ull sleeed tattoos and gangs whih hae 3eome

muh more (realent oer the last deade&

+ew desri(tions will 3e deelo(ed 3$ a team o" "ederal loal andstate law en"orement o""iers ARJ! and the /,!& The$ will 3e ma((ed

to the e5isting +C!C odes to om(l$ with national standards& All o" the

data a(tured will 3e stored in the ARJ! inident data3ase and will 3e

aaila3le ia the ARJ! "ederated 4uer$ s$stem 6nown as R/.R&

Another (otential om(onent o" this a((liation ould 3e the a3ilit$ "or

o""iers to selet the loation o" the >T on an indiidual 3$ touhing

the area on a 3od$ loation ma( ;see 3elowTloation odes to hoose "rom&

C)+C%!)+

!n onlusion ARJ! would li6e to than6 the % 'e(artment o" Justie

;)""ie o" Justie *rograms< and the +ational !nstitute o" Justie "or the

o((ortunit$ to researh stud$ and im(lement this suess"ul mo3ile

"aial reognition (ro?et& ARJ! 3eliees that this will set the stage and

isionar$ goals "or "uture diretion and deelo(ment e""orts toward the

ultimate goal o" (u3li sa"et$&

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11- tacids final report final unencrypted.doc

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