1.1 political systems

Questions/Main ideas:

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Summary:

Notes: The Political

SpectrumCommunismSocialismReform LiberalismClassical LiberalismConservatismFascism


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Summary:

Notes:


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Summary:

Notes:


Reform Liberalism

Basic Principles:Individual freedom must be tempered by collective action for the improvement of individual and collective welfareProgress is good, change is goodInequalities of opportunity exist in the social structure, and government should address this to provide equality of opportunity for all

Reform Liberalism

(cont’d)Historical Origin:England and North America in the late 19th and early 20th Century

Role of Government:has a positive role in society and the economygovernment intervention to regulate and manage the economy for the wellbeing of allgovernment intervenes to protect minority rights

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Summary:

Notes: Questions/Main ideas:

Reform Liberalism

(cont’d)Individual:a primary valueindividual liberty and freedom is important, but government action is necessary to ensure this for all

Human Nature:basically goodgovernment creates social conditions that allow individuals to flourish

Reform Liberalism

(cont’d)Economic Base:Industrial to Capitalist to . . .

Economic Freedom:High

Economic Equality:ModerateFreedom of Thought and Belief:

Very HighFreedom of Expression: High

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Summary:

Notes:


Reform Liberalism

(cont’d)Country & Time:England and Canada in the early 20th Century

Writer/Theorist: John Maynard Keynes

1883-1946

SocialismBasic Principles:An economic and class understanding of societyEconomic classes have conflicting interests, and society evolves towards power in the hands of the working class.The collective good takes precedence over self-interest of individualsHumans are fundamentally social beings and their fulfillment is in social groups

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Summary:

Notes:


Socialism (cont’d)

Historical Origin:England in the 19th Century

Role of Government:The government intervenes to prevent economic exploitation of workers by capitalistsThe government manages the economy in the interest of the citizens to ensure the economic wellbeing of all.Public or collective ownership over the resources and infrastructure of the society


IndividualThe rights and desires of individuals are subordinate to the wellbeing and welfare of the majority

Human Nature:Humans are fundamentally social beings and their fulfillment is in social groups

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Summary:

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Economic Base:IndustrialCollective or public ownership of resources and industry

Economic Freedom:LowEconomic Equality:HighFreedom of Thought and Belief: HighFreedom of Expression: Moderate


Country & Time:Northern Europe Early 19th Century

Writer / Theorist:Robert Owen, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Henri de Saint-Simon

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Summary:


CommunismBasic Principles:An economic class understanding of societyA determinist understand of an inevitable historical evolution to a classless society based on the conflict between the working class and the capitalist classA strong central government is necessary to impose government control of the resources, industry and productive base of the society in the interests of allTotalitarian

Communism (cont’d)

Historical Origin:U.S.S.R.

Role of Government:highly interventionist in the politics and economy of the country

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Summary:

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Individual:individuals are subordinate to the wellbeing and interests of all

Human Nature:Humans are fundamentally social beings and their fulfillment is in social groups

Stalin


Economic Base:Industrial, sometimes agrarianState capitalist?

Economic Freedom:Very Low

Economic Equality:Very HighFreedom of Thought and Belief: LowFreedom of Expression: Low

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Communism (cont’d)Country & Time:

U.S.S.R, 1917 - 1991China, post 1949 (Mao Zedong) Writer / Theorist:LeninKarl Marx and Friedrich Engels (co-author’s of communist manifesto)

Note: Divergence between Communism as a philosophy and historical political system

FascismBasic Principles:An ultra-conservative and ultra-nationalist approach to social structureThe good social order is achieved by a totalitarian state that manages society and the economy towards military and state powerComplete government and state regulation of individuals’ rights and the economy in the interest of the stateGlorification of a past ideal time and military power

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Summary:


Fascism (cont’d)

Historical Origin:Italy in the 1920’sGermany in the 1930’s

Role of Government:The government is the supreme power in society, and directs the political and economic system in the interest of the fascist state

Fascism (cont’d)

Individual:The individual is completely subordinate to the interests of the state

Human Nature:human fulfillment is found in serving the interests of the fascist state

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Summary:

Notes:

Fascism (cont’d)Economic Base:Industrial and capitalistCapitalist production is directed by the state for the interests of the state

Economic Freedom:LowEconomic Equality:LowFreedom of Thought and Belief: LowFreedom of Expression: Very Low

Fascism (cont’d)

Country & Time:Italy in the 1920s and 1930sGermany in the 1930s

Writer / Theorist:

1.1 political systems

Documents

questionsmain ideas