PERTAPAKAN SHTI

DI PULAU PINANG

Disediakan Oleh : PN. HJH. ROSIAH BT. HASAN

Sumber Rujukan dan Penghargaan:�Sejarah Tingkatan 2 � DBP�Gred A Sejarah KBSM Tingkatan 1 2 3 � Cerdik Publications�Encarta Encyclopedia�Rujukan Internet

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1.1 PERTAPAKAN SYARIKATHINDIA TIMUR INGGERIS (SHTI)DI PULAU PINANG

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PULAU PINANG

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1. Pulau Pinang pada ketika itu adalahsebahagian daripada kerajaan Kedah.

2. Kedah menarik minat SHTI kerana merupakansebuah kerajaan maritim yang kuat.

3. Hasrat SHTI terhalang kerana Kedahterletak di bawah pengaruh Siam.

4. Pada masa yang sama SHTI perlukan sebuahpelabuhan di Asia Tenggara.

5. Pulau Pinang menarik minat SHTI keranamemenuhi kriteria yang diperlukan oleh SHTI.

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ASIA TENGGARA

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FAKTOR PERTAPAKANBRITISH DI PULAU PINANG

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i. Kedudukan Pulau Pinang yang strategik

a. Pulau Pinang terletak di tengah-tengahjalan perdagangan antara China dan India.

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ii. Pangkalan Tentera

a. British dan Perancis berlumba-lumbamenguasai perdagangan di India.

b. British perlukan Pulau Pinang sebagaipangkalan tentera untuk mempertahankanpetempatan British di India dari seranganPerancis.

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iii.Pusat Pengumpulan Barangan

a. Teh dari China amat diperlukankerana permintaan dan harga yangtinggi di Eropah.

b. China pula perlukan sumber galian danlada hitam.

c. Jadi, Pulau Pinang sesuai dijadikan pusatpengumpulan dan pengedaran baranganantara dua kumpulan pedagang ini.

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LADA HITAM

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iv.Pelabuhan Persinggahan

a. Kedudukan Pulau Pinang yang terlindungdari tiupan angin monsun

b. Pelabuhan Pulau Pinang juga menyediakankemudahan- makanan dan minuman- membaiki kapal

c. Jadi, Pulau Pinang sesuai dijadikan pelabuhanpersinggahan untuk British dan China.

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KEDAULATAN KEDAH TERCABAR

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i. Pulau Pinang merupakan sebahagian dariwilayah Kedah yang ketika itu sedangmenikmati kemakmuran dari segi maritim.

ii. Kedah merupakan sebuah pelabuhanentrepot yang penting ketika itu.Kedah juga menjadi pusat perdagangan antarabangsayang maju.

iii. Hal ini membawa ancaman yang besar kepadaKedah.

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iv. Ancaman Bugis

a. Perebutan kuasa berlaku di dalam istana.

b. Sultan Muhammad Jiwa melantik Tunku Abdullahsebagai Raja Muda dan tindakan bagindamenimbulkan kemarahan kerabat yang lainkerana Tunku Abdullah bukan anak gahara.

c. Kerabat raja ini berpakat dengan Bugis di Selangor.- serang Kuala Kedah dan Alor Setar- Sultan Muhammad Jiwa undur ke Kangar- minta bantuan Jourdain Sullivan dan de Souza

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d. Francis Light dihantar untuk berundingdengan Sultan Muhammad Jiwa pada tahun 1771.

e. Perjanjian ditandatangani antara Sultan danFrancis Light:- membenarkan firma berdagang di Kuala Kedah.- firma menghantar bantuan jika Kedah diancam.

f. Sultan membatalkan perjanjian ini apabila firmamungkir janji untuk menghantar bantuan apabiladiperlukan.

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PATUNG FRANCIS LIGHT

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v. Ancaman Siam

a. Kedah menghentikan penghantaran bungaemas ke Siam apabila berlaku peperangan antaraSiam dan Burma dari 1753-1781.

b.Siam menuntut kembali bunga emas, wang dantenaga manusia daripada Kedah setelah tamatpeperangan dengan Burma.

c. Sultan Abdullah enggan tunduk pada tuntutanSiam lantas meminta bantuan SHTI

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BUNGA EMAS

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d. Sultan Abdullah menawarkan Pulau Pinangsebagai balasan bantuan SHTI

e. Francis Light melihat potensi Pulau Pinang sebagai- pelabuhan- pangkalan tentera.

f. SHTI menerima tawaran Sultan Abdullah walaupunketika itu mereka menjalin hubungan perdagangandengan Siam.

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GAMBARAN KEADAAN PULAU PINANG

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