10th cranial nerve

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    Vagus nerve

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    Cranial Nerve X Vagus Nerve

    Type: mixed.

    Function: taste and somatic sensations.

    Swallowing, coughing, and voiceproduction. Regulates GI tract and heart

    rate.

    Injury interferes with swallowing, paralyzes

    vocal cords, and causes the heart rate to

    increase.

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    Vagus nerve ()

    components of fibers GVE fibers: originate from dorsal nucleus of

    vagus nerve, synapse in parasympatheticganglion, short postganglionic fibers

    innervate cardiac muscles, smooth musclesand glands of viscera

    SVE fibers: originate from ambiguus, tomuscles of pharynx and larynx

    G

    VA fibers: carry impulse from viscera inneck, thoracic and abdominal cavity tonucleus of solitary tract

    GSA fiber: sensation from auricle, externalacoustic meatus and cerebral dura mater

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    Course Exits the skull from jugular foramen

    Descends in the neck in carotid sheath between

    internal (or common) carotid artery and internal

    jugular vein

    Right vagus nerve

    Enter thoracic inlet on right side of trachea Travels downward posterior to right

    brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava

    Passes posterior to right lung root

    Forms posterior esophageal plexus

    Forms posterior vagal trunk at esophagealhiatus where it leaves thorax and passes into

    abdominal cavity, then divides into posterior

    gastric and celiac branches

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    Left vagus nerve

    Enter thoracic inlet between left common

    carotid and left subclavian arteries,posterior to left brachiocephalic vein

    Crosses aortic arch where left recurrent

    laryngeal nerve branches off

    Passes posterior to left lung root Forms anterior esophageal plexus

    Forms anterior vagal trunk at esophageal

    hiatus where it leaves thorax and passes

    into abdominal cavity , then divides intoanterior gastric and hepatic branches

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    Branches in neck

    Superior laryngeal nerve: passesdown side of pharynx and given rise to

    Internal branch, which pierces thyrohyoid

    membrane to innervates mucous

    membrane of larynx above fissure of glottis

    External branch, which innervates

    cricothyroid

    Cervical cardiac branches : descendingto terminate in cardiac plexus

    Others: auricular, pharyngeal and

    meningeal branches

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    Superior laryngeal nerve

    External branch

    Internal branch

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    Branches in thorax

    Recurrent laryngeal nerves Right one hooks around right

    subclavian artery, left one hooks

    aortic arch

    Both ascend in tracheo-esophageal

    groove

    Nerves enter larynx posterior to

    cricothyroid joint, the nerve is now

    called inferior laryngeal nerve

    Innervations: laryngeal mucosa

    below fissure of glottis , all laryngeal

    laryngeal muscles except

    cricothyroid

    Bronchial and esophageal branches

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    Branches in abdomen Anterior and posterior gastric

    branches

    Run close to lesser curvatureand innervate anterior andposterior surfaces of stomach

    As far as pyloric antrum to fanout into branches in a way likethe digits of a crows foot to

    supply pyloric part Hepatic branches: join hepatic

    plexus and then supply liver andgallbladder

    Celiac branches: sendbranches to celiac plexus to be

    distributed with sympatheticfibers to liver, pancreas, spleen,kidneys, intestine as far as leftcolic flexure

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    CN10

    Vagus Nerves Sensory, motor, or mixed?

    Only cranial nerves to extendbeyond head and neck. Fibers emerge from medulla,

    leave the skull, and course

    downwards into the thorax andabdomen.

    Motor Functions: Parasympathetic efferents to

    the heart, lungs, and abdominalorgans.

    Sensory Functions: Input from thoracic and

    abdominal viscera; from baro-and chemoreceptors in thecarotid sinus; from taste buds inposterior tongue and pharynx

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    1414--1414

    Vagus NerveVagus Nerve

    Swallowing,Swallowing,speech,speech,

    regulation ofregulation of

    visceraviscera Damage causesDamage causes

    hoarseness orhoarseness or

    loss of voice,loss of voice,

    impairedimpaired

    swallowing andswallowing and

    fatal if both arefatal if both are

    cutcut