101494377 introduction to embedded system
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INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED
SYSTEM
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What is an embedded system???
Embedded??? What is that?
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embedded system definition
Hardware and software which forms a component of somelargersystem and which is expected to function without humanintervention.
An embedded system may include some kind of operatingsystem but often it will be simple enough to be written as asingle program. It will not usually have any of the normalperipherals such as a keyboard, monitor, etc. or any kind ofuser interface software unless these
are required by the overall system of which it is a part. Oftenit must provide real-time response.
Source : http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/embedded+system
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/embedded+systemhttp://dictionary.reference.com/browse/embedded+system -
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An embedded system is some combination of computerhardware and software, either fixed in capability orprogrammable, that is specifically designed for a particularfunction.
Some low-end consumer products use veryinexpensive microcontroller or microprocessors and limitedstorage, with the application and operating system both partof a single program. The program is written permanently into
the system's memory in this case, rather than being loadedinto RAM (random access memory) like programs on apersonal computer.
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So, which one is best for embedded system?
Microcontroller or microprocessor
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Differences between microcontroller and
microprocessor
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CPU
General-
Purpose
Micro-processor
RAM ROM I/O
Port
TimerSerial
COM
Port
Data Bus
Address Bus
General-Purpose Microprocessor System
Microprocessors:
CPU for Computers
No RAM, ROM, I/O on CPU chip itself
ExampleIntels x86, Motorolas 680x0
Many chips on mothers board
General-purpose microprocessor
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RAM ROM
I/O
PortTimer
Serial
COM
PortMicrocontroller
CPU
A smaller computer
On-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...
ExampleMotorolas 6811, Intels 8051, Zilogs Z8 and PIC 16X
A single chip
Microcontroller:
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Microprocessor
CPU is stand-alone, RAM,ROM, I/O, timer areseparate
designer can decide on theamount of ROM, RAM andI/O ports.
expansive
versatility
general-purpose
Microcontroller
CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O and
timer are all on a single chip
fix amount of on-chip ROM,
RAM, I/O ports
for applications in which cost,
power and space are critical
single-purpose
Microprocessor vs. Microcontroller
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Examples: Refrigerator
Dr. Gheith Abandah 12
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Examples: Car Door
Dr. Gheith Abandah 13
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Examples: Derbot Autonomous Guided Vehicle
Dr. Gheith Abandah 14
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Embedded Systems Design
When approaching embedded systems architecture design,several models can be applied to describe the cycle ofembedded system design.
The big-bang model: there is essentially no planning orprocesses in place before and during the development of a
system. The code-and-fixmodel: product requirements are definedbut no formal processes are in place before the start ofdevelopment.
The waterfallmodel: there is a process for developing asystem in steps, where results of one step flow into the next
step. The spiralmodel: there is a process for developing a system in
steps, and throughout the various steps, feedback is obtainedand incorporated back into the process.
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the embedded system design and development process isdivided into four phases: creating the architecture,implementing the architecture, testing the system, andmaintaining the system.
phase 1 is defined as being made up of six stages: having astrong technical foundation (stage 1), understanding theArchitectural Business Cycle (stage 2), defining thearchitectural patterns and models (stage 3), defining thearchitectural structures (stage 4), documenting the
architecture (stage 5), and analyzing and reviewing thearchitecture (stage 6).
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