10/08/05slide 1 instructional systems design in distance education goal: this lesson will discuss...
TRANSCRIPT
10/08/05 Slide 1
Instructional Systems Design in Distance Education
Goal: This lesson will discuss Instructional Systems Design as it relates to distance education.
Objectives: Upon completion of this lesson, learners will be able to:
1 - Identify the five phases of instructional systems design (ISD)
2 - Identify the three areas being examined in the analysis phase
3 - Explain the term “critical content”
4 - List the three elements of a performance objective
5 - Explain the purpose for evaluation instruments
Presented by Dr. Michael UttendorferNew York Institute of Technology
10/08/05 Slide 2
What is Instructional Systems Design?
• A Definition
“An instructional systems design (ISD) approach to the preparation of training can be described broadly as the systematic process of planning instructional systems so that the appropriate resources can be developed, evaluated, and modified until they demonstrably enable trainees to attain desired instructional goals and objectives.”
(Glenn E. Snelbecker, 1985)
10/08/05 Slide 3
Processes in the ISD Cycle
Analyze
Design
Develop
Implement
Evaluate
(Dick & Carey, 1996)
Remember: A.D.D.I.E.
10/08/05 Slide 4
Phases of the Instructional System Design
• Phase I - Analysis
– Needs analysis to identify goals– Learner analysis to identify entry level
behaviors– Instructional analysis to identify the
“critical content”
10/08/05 Slide 5
Phase I - Analysis
• Needs analysis to identify goals– Identify course instructional goals– Classify goals into one of four domains:
• intellectual skill• verbal information• psychomotor skill• attitude
(Dick & Carey, 1996)
10/08/05 Slide 6
Phase I - Analysis
• Learner analysis
– Identify learner characteristics – Identify entry level behaviors
Can they send anemail with anattachment?
Welcome toOnline Ed.
10/08/05 Slide 7
Phase I - Analysis
• Instructional analysis
– Conduct subordinate skills analysis– Identify the “critical content”*– Write learning outcomes
*especially important in distance education
10/08/05 Slide 8
Phases of the Instructional System Design
• Phase II - Design
– Write performance objectives– Develop assessment instruments– Develop instructional strategy– Select appropriate media
10/08/05 Slide 9
Phase II - Design
• Writing performance objectives
The three requirements of a good objective:1 - Specify conditions 2 - Identify specific behaviors using action verbs3 - Quantify specific levels of performance
For example:
Using a protractor, the student will measure an angle within 2 degrees at least 90% of the time.
(Fenrich, 1997)
10/08/05 Slide 10
Phase II - Design
• Develop assessment instruments that:
– are based on the actual content– provide true measure of student learning– match the type of behavioral objective
10/08/05 Slide 11
Phase II - Design
• Four components of an instructional strategy include:
– pre-instructional activities– information presentation– student participation with feedback– follow-through activities
(Dick & Carey, 1996)
10/08/05 Slide 12
Phase II - Design
• Media selection must be based on:
– Nature of the learner– Nature of the learning material– Learning domain– Available resources
(Reynolds & Anderson, 1992)
Nature of
Content
Information Instruction
10/08/05 Slide 13
Phases of the Instructional System Design
• Phase III - Development
– Select instructional materials and/or– Develop instructional materials– Select media to deliver instruction
10/08/05 Slide 14
Phases of the Instructional System Design
• Phase IV - Implementation
– Implement, test and revise a prototype– Make course resources available– Distribute to students
10/08/05 Slide 15
Phases of the Instructional System Design
• Phase V - Evaluation
– Conduct formative evaluations– Revise instruction as needed– Conduct summative evaluations
10/08/05 Slide 16
Phase V - Evaluation
• Conduct formative evaluations
– Gather data that can be used to make the instruction more effective usually in three phases:
• one-to-one or clinical evaluation• small-group evaluation with target population• field trial with larger group
(Dick & Carey, 1996)
10/08/05 Slide 17
Phase V - Evaluation
• Revise instruction as needed
– Based on the formative evaluation you may need to revise and retest the instructional material
10/08/05 Slide 18
Phase V - Evaluation
• Conduct summative evaluations
– Collect and analyze data to verify the effectiveness of the instructional materials with the target population usually in two phases:
• Expert judgment phase• Field trial phase
(Dick & Carey, 1996)
10/08/05 Slide 19
Remember It’s a Cycle
Analyze
Design
Develop
Implement
Evaluate
(Dick & Carey, 1996)
10/08/05 Slide 20
Syllabus #1 Syllabus #2 Online Solution
Goals/Objectives
List the major investment strategies used for increasing savings
Be able to analyze an investment portfolio and make investing recommendations
Place portfolio online for analysis; group work would be good here
Using the Syllabus
10/08/05 Slide 21
Syllabus #1 Syllabus #2 Online Solution
Attendance Class attendance is mandatory; will count as part of your final grade
You are expected to attend classes and come prepared to discuss…
Must provide clear guidelines for participation
Using the Syllabus
10/08/05 Slide 22
Syllabus #1 Syllabus #2 Online Solution
Readings Textbook •Textbook•Journal articles•Newspapers
•May have to rethink some materials•Use materials on the Web
Using the Syllabus
10/08/05 Slide 23
Syllabus #1 Syllabus #2 Online Solution
Assignments •Review questions•Weekly reports•End of chapter exercises
•Essays•Group assignments•Papers
•Encourage group work•Use discussion instead of email•Provide self-tests•Encourage questions
Using the Syllabus
10/08/05 Slide 24
Syllabus #1 Syllabus #2 Online Solution
Grading •Class participation•Pop quizzes•Weekly homework•Exams
•Papers•Projects•Exams
•Rethink assessment•Grade participation in discussions•Portfolios
Using the Syllabus
10/08/05 Slide 25
•Review course materials
•Use the syllabus
•Incorporate discussion and collaboration
Moving to Distance Education
10/08/05 Slide 26
Content Page Forum Discussion
Discussion Question
Case Studies
Problems
Analogies
Build Intentional Interactions
10/08/05 Slide 27Discussion Forum Thread Map
Build Intentional Interactions
10/08/05 Slide 28
References
Dick, W., Carey, L., & Carey, J. (2004). The Systematic Design of Instruction, Sixth Edition. Boson, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Fenrich, P. (1997). Practical Guidelines for Creating Instructional
Multimedia Applications. Orlando, FL: The Dryden Press.
Reynolds, A. & Anderson, R. (1992). Selecting and Developing Media for Instruction. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Snelbecker, G.E. (1985). Learning Theory, Instructional Theory and Psychological Design. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.