1002 super high- yielding rice cultivation techniques in cold region: heilongjiong province
DESCRIPTION
Presenter: Jin Zhengxun, Northeast Agricultural University HaerbinTRANSCRIPT
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Super high- yielding rice culti-vation
techniques in cold region:Heilongjiong Province
Jin Zhengxun Northeast Agricultural University
Haerbin
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Natural Resources in Heilongjiang Province
• Latitude :43°25′~ 53°33′
• Area : 45.4 만 Km2
• Elevation: 300~1780m
• Accumulated T: 1800~2800℃• Annual mean temperature :
6 ~ 4℃• Average daily sunshine hours:
2400~2800 h
• Rainfall: 250~700mm, 60%
• Frost-free period : 100~140 d
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The average temperature
change in Heilongjiang Province
- 19. 5
- 12
9
17
21. 5
15
6
- 6
- 15
2322
- 3
- 25
- 20
- 15
- 10
- 5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
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Comparison of day and night temperature
difference 12
10. 6
8. 1
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
哈尔滨 沈阳 杭州
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Rice cropping area in Heilongjiang Province
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008
年度
万公
顷
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Change of rice yield in Heilongjiang Province
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008
年度
t/公
顷
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4.Lodging
Cultivation problems in Heilongjiang Province
1. Chilling damage and blast of rice
2. Must pay special attention to the pre-transplant growth of plants
3. Transplant ultra-sparsely
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1. Control pre-tillering number
2. Promote early heading
3. Increase maturity
Way To Solve Problems
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1. Select high-yielding
varieties
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Grain yield of super-rice varieties
Variety Year Place Grain yield ( kg/hm2)
Standard of M .A .
Longjing14 2005 Jiansanjiang 10,638. 0 9,750
Longjing18 Jiansanjiang 11,265.0 10,500
Songjing 92004 Jielin city 10,519.5 10,500
2005 Tailai county 11,029.5 10,500
Longjing5 2005 Haerbin city 10,864.5 10,500
Longjing21 2007 Baoquanling 11,791.5 10,500
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2. More tillers per plant in seedling bed
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Seedling fa-cility
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First stage:Sowing date: March 15Sowing rate:100 g/tray Second stage:Transplanting date: April 15Planting specification :2cm×2cm, 1 plant per hill
Seedling transplanting method of two stages
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Large seedling trays ( 352 holes )
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Mechanical sowing in straw trays
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Seedling type
Sowing rate ( g/tray )Seedling
date ( d
)
Seedling height
( cm ) Leaf age
Stem weight ( mg
)Dry seed Germinating seed
Young seedling 200~250 250~300 15~20 10~15 2.0~2.5 10~15
Middle age
seedling80~120 100~150 30~45 15~20 3.5~4.5 20~30
Mechanical sowing by hand
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How to prevent leggy seedlings?
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3.
Transplant
seedlings
with soil
blocks
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To turn seedlings green early
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To facilitate planting by machine
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4. Appropriate transplanting density
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Relationship between plant density and yield components
Fertili-zation
Density(cm)
Pan. length(cm
)
Panicleno./m2
Branch
Grain no./m2
(1X104)
Filled grain rate(%)
1000 grain weight (g)
Yield (kg/ha)1st 2nd
Low input
30 × 16 22.9 203.8 109 183 2.3 87.3 34.0 6,840.4
40 × 16 23.2 196.5 149 268 3.2 91.8 32.4 7,394.8
High input
30 × 16 22.4 241.3 140 213 3.3 88.8 30.9 7,731.9
40 × 16 23.9 240.2 187 346 5.1 85.7 30.7 8,620.5
Low input :(N-P2O5-K2O) 6-3-3Kg/10a, High input:(N-P2O5-K2O) 12-6-6Kg/10a , Variety: Dongnong V4
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Planting Specifications:
36 cm×16 cm, 2-3 plants per hill
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Annual N application date ( M 、 D )
5-5 6-5 6-15 7-5 7-15 8-25
Basic N Tillering N Relaying N N in PI N in PI
N in Milling
30% 20% 10% 20% 20%
10%
5. Maintain reasonable N rate and increase potash application rate
N:P2O5:K2O = 1 : 0.5 : 0.8-1
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Top-dressing principle of super-high yielding rice
1. Tillering fertilizer: top dressing after
turning green, 10% relaying fertilizer 10 d
after first tillering fertilizer;
2. Top dressing at panicle initiation by
diagnosis
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Determining application date of fertilizer
1. First top dressing of panicle fertilizer at
heading stage (panicle length is generally 0 cm
on July 5)
• When panicle length is 1cm , the stage is 18 d
before heading;
• When panicle length is 2cm, the stage is 15 d before
heading;
• When panicle length is 8cm,the stage is 10 d before
heading.
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2. Second top dressing of panicle
fertilizer at 10d after first top dressing of
panicle fertilizer.
3. Third top dressing of panicle
fertilizer at heading stage.
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6.Irrigation method
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Maintain moisture soil at 30 d after heading
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7. Harvest in timely way
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Daily changes of grain weight
25
26
27
28
29
35(5/ 9) 40 45 50 55
(d灌浆天数 )
g粒
重(
)
9901东优长粒香
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Daily changes of milled rice percent
90
92
94
96
98
100
30 35 40 45 50 55
9901东优
长粒香
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Daily changes of taste-meter value of rice
62
6466
68
70
7274
76
35(5/ 9) 40 45 50 55
(d)灌浆天数
味度
值
9901东优长粒香
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Suitable rice harvesting time for good quality of rice
• Production quality and yield assurance – aiming for:
• Processing quality• Eating quality• Accumulated temperature after heading
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Harvest date and grain maturity
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Thank you !