(10) politeness & interaction.ppt

7/23/2019 (10) POLITENESS & INTERACTION.ppt

1/33

Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of LanguagesWidyatamaWidyatamaUniversityUniversity

Politeness & Interaction

yuleEnglish Department Faculty of Languages

Universitas Widyatma Bandung


2/33


A linguistic interaction is

inevitably a social interaction.

Politeness & interaction


3/33


To make sense of what is said in an

interaction,

- look at various factors which relate to

social distance and closeness!"ome of these factors are esta#lished$rior to an interaction and thus arelargely e%ternal factors

!Involve the relative status of the$artici$ants, #ased on social values suchas age and $ower



4/33


- We take $art in a wide range of interactionsmostly with strangers' where the socialdistance determined by external factors isdominant.

- Internal factor such as amount ofimposition or degree of friendliness canresult in the initial social distancechanging and being mark as less, and

more during the course of the interaction



5/33




6/33


lower status tend to mark socialdistance

higher status tend to use addressforms include a title and a lastname



7/33


!The Inter$retation of what is utteredusually goes #eyond what wasintended to #e e%$ressed, and

includes evaluations in terms of$oliteness Therefore, one can clearlyo#serve that much more iscommunicated than is said during a

sociolinguistic interaction (ule,)**+'


8/33


! rown and Levinson )*.' suggest thata need to #e $olite is common to allcultures

Politeness


9/33


! In a common sense/

eing $olite showing good manners andconsideration for other $eo$le eg o$en

the door for a lady, give your seat to anelderly $erson in $u#lic trans$ort'

! Linguistic $oliteness/ the way $eo$le

choose to s$eak and how the hearersreact to their s$eech

Politeness


10/33


rown and Levinson )*.' haveconcluded that, in order to enter intosocial relationshi$s, all $eo$le mustacknowledge the face of other people.

As a technical term, face means thepublic self-image of a $erson It refersto that emotional and social sense of selfthat every one has and e%$ectseveryone else to recogni0e

T12 34532PT 4F F632


11/33


In an interaction, can #e de7ned asthe means em$loyed to showawareness of another $erson8s faceIn this sense, P4LIT252"" can #eaccom$lished in situations of socialdistance or closeness


12/33


! "howing awareness for another$erson8s face when that other seemssocially distance is often descri#ed interms of res$ect and deference

! "howing the e9uivalence awarenesswhen that other is socially close isoften descri#ed in terms of

friendliness, camaraderie, orsolidarity


13/33



14/33



15/33


! Peo$le usually #ehave as if theire%$ectations concerning their $u#lic self-image, or their face wants, will #eres$ected

! If a s$eaker says something thatre$resents a threat to another individual8se%$ectations regarding self image, it isdescri#ed as face threatening act,

!The s$eaker can say something to lessenthe $ossi#le threat This called a facesaving act

Face wants


16/33



17/33



18/33



19/33


sasmi farida: "2;65TI3"


20/33




21/33


! "omeone face can #e challenged into two! 2ither #y telling him what to do, which

im$lies the s$eaker has $ower over him,or

! y showing you disagree with or do nota$$reciate his values or #eliefs

! If you challenge someone8s face, they willchallenge you #ack

! We use $oliteness with other $eo$le, sothat they will not attack us



22/33


! We have to make a choice and $rovide a#alance #etween getting a messageacross directly, which might challengesomeone, or

!


23/33


! Peo$le can choose #etween a variety of

e%$ressions which show varying degreesof $oliteness and face shaving FrancescaPridahma =>>)/?@'

!The straight command/Ashut the doorBAdoes not res$ect a $erson8s right to havecontrol over their own #ody Cirectcommand like this only issued #y su$erior

to inferior!


24/33


To avoid rudeness, $oliteness factors hve

introduced into the language,D2%am$les/

- Please/ E"hut the door $leaseA

- 1edges/ Eif it isn8t too much troul#eA- 3ommand hidden as 9uestion/ E3ould you

$ass the salt $leaseA

- Using $rovisional language to im$lynegotiation if $ossi#le e,g/ if, would, andcan



25/33


!The num#er of hedges or $oliteness factors in

a re9uest or command is in $ro$ortion to theamount that the s$eaker feels she or he isim$osing to the listener:

EIt wouldn8t #e too much trou#le, I mean if you

don8t mind, I would #e grateful if you8d ty$ethis letterA, therefore seems ridiculous#ecause there are too much $oliteness factorsused in relation to the diculty of the task

! "ometimes, to save face, the s$eaker makesthe re9uest as im$ersonal and as indirect egEif this letter was ty$e, I would very gratefulA



26/33




27/33



F l f L


28/33


"ay nothing

4ne way to see the relevance of therelationshi$ #etween these $olitenessconce$ts and language use is to take a

single s$eech event and ma$ out thediGerent inter$retations associated withdiGerent $ossi#le e%$resions used withinthat event

Self= youOther:

Person next

to you

F l f LF lt f L


29/33


"ay something4G Hecord

2ven if you decide to say something, youdont actually have to ask for anything

These statements are not directlyaddressed to the other

Its too cold in hereA

F lt f LF lt f L


30/33


"ay something! 4n Hecord

These statements are directly addressedthe other as a means of e%$ressing your

needsald on record/ Cirectly asked ;itigating devices

- 3lose the window Would youJ- Lend me a $en Please?

F lt f LFacult of Languages


31/33


"ummary

! eing nice to other $eo$le

! Linguistic $oliteness studies Kface8

! In $ragmatics your face is your $u#lic self-

image! Politeness is showing awareness and

consideration to another $erson8s facr


Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of Languages


32/33


Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of Languages


33/33


!2nd of lecture

(10) politeness & interaction.ppt

Documents