1.0 introduction to information technology · 01.04.2016 · introduction to information...

1.0

introduction to information

technology

1.0

Introduction to Information Technology

1.1

Overview of Information Technology

Definition, Advantages &

Disadvantage of IT

Applications of Information Technology

Categories, Characteristics &

Capabilities of Computers

LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this topic, students should

be able to :

a) Explain Information Technology.

b) Discuss the applications of Information

Technology.

c) Explain different categories of computers.

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

definition

Information Technology is the use of

computer hardware and software to store,

retrieve, and manipulate information.


ADVANTAGES OF INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY


ADVANTAGE

S OF IT

Creation

of New

Jobs

Globalisation

Storing &

Protecting

Information

Cost

Effective

Communication


TECHNOLOGY

GLOBALISATION :

The creation of one interdependent system helps us to share information and end linguistic barriers across the continents.

The collapse of geographic boundaries has made the world a 'global village'.



TECHNOLOGY

COST EFFECTIVE :

Computerised, Internet business processes have made many businesses turn to the Internet for increased productivity, greater profitability, clutter free working conditions and global clientele.

People are able to operate their businesses 24x7, even from remote locations only due to the advent of information technology.



TECHNOLOGY

COMMUNICATION :

Quick and effective communication is vital to

any business anywhere in the world.

Information technology gives an entrepreneur

or business the tools, like e-mail, video

conferencing, SMS, etc., essential to

communicate efficiently and effectively.



TECHNOLOGY

STORING & PROTECTING

INFORMATION :

IT provides a low-cost business options to store

and maintain information that may be important

from a business or service point of view.

Virtual vaults and other such security systems not

only store vital data but also allow control over

the access to such information.



TECHNOLOGY

CREATION OF NEW JOBS :

One of the biggest advantage of IT has been

the creation of a whole new field of

opportunity for skilled personnel leading to

new and interesting jobs.

Hardware and software developers, computer

programmers, web designers, system analyst,

the list of new jobs created could go on.


DISADVANTAGES OF

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY


DISADVANTAG

ES OF IT

Health

Problems

Over

Reliance on

Technology

Loss of

Personal

Touch

Loss of

Communication

Skills

Job

Losses

DISADVANTAGES OF


OVER RELIANCE ON TECHNOLOGY :

A lot of people believe that because computers and the

Internet has become such an regular part of modern life,

some people particularly children who grow up with it,

will not be able to function without it.

Some people think that the Internet is making people

lazy, particularly when it comes to essay or project

research as instead of reading books in a library, one can

just perform a Google search.


DISADVANTAGES OF


LOSS OF COMMUNICATION SKILLS :

With the ever increasing variety of social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter, a lot of people are worried that traditional communication skills will be lost.

This worry is particularly about children who often engage in these websites because communication and interactive skills are not important with computers.


DISADVANTAGES OF


JOB LOSSES : Technology in an organization, company or business, the

number of hours that a human works at that company

are reduced.

This may even result in some people losing their jobs

because technology is doing it for them.

However this is beneficial for the organization as their

profit is increased because they don't need to pay their

workers as much because they aren't required as much.


DISADVANTAGES OF


LOSS OF PERSONAL TOUCH :

E-mails and instant messaging have replaced the

old tradition of handwriting letters.

And although this is advantageous because of

time constraints, a personal touch and sense of

feeling is lost compared to taking the time to sit

down and hand write a letter.


DISADVANTAGES OF


HEALTH PROBLEMS :

Many scientists, doctors and researchers are

concerned about possible links between

technology and heart problems, eye strain,

obesity, muscle problems and deafness.

Waste emitted from technology can pollute the

environment which not only makes people ill, it

also damages the environment.


Applications of it in various fields

17 17


1. education

IT is used to assist teaching

and learning

Applications of IT used in

education :

◦ Self-access learning

◦ Distance learning


Self Access Learning

• Learning process using CD, DVD or via Internet

• Learning process by own self to contribute knowledge

• eg: Online tuition, e-test

Distance Learning

• The instructor and student in physically separate locations but can communicate via video conferencing, e-mails and bulletin boards


2. FINANCE

IT is used from trading financial instruments to

keeping records of personal budgets to reporting

the earnings of a business.

IT allows the rapid calculation of financial

statistics, as well as electronic transfers of

money.

Applications of IT used in finance :

◦ Electronic Payment System

◦ Online Banking

◦ Online Investing


2. FINANCE

Electronic Payment System

◦ Users can pay their bills via the Internet

Online Banking

◦ Users can manage account from the Internet

Online Investing

◦ Many investors find it more efficient to trade

and manage their portfolios online


3. government IT is used to facilitate the operation of

government and the disbursement of government information and services.

IT also bridges the divide between the government and the people.

Technologies like touch-screen kiosks help disseminate information on land records, photo identity cards, pending bills etc. and enable even illiterate people to take more informed decisions.


3. government Applications of IT used in goverment:

Office Automation E-Syariah Electronic Guarantee

Letter (E-GL)

Malaysia Business Licensing System

(MBLS) BLESS

E-PBT Human Resourse Management

Information System (E-HRMIS)

Planning budget (e-SPKB)

E-Filing Management information system

(MIS)

E-Perolehan Tele Consultation Jobs Malaysia

Electronic Government MyEG

RakanCop System monitoring for Projek SPP II


4. Health care

The medical staffs around us will be using IT for

various purposes.

IT has the potential to improve the quality,

safety and efficiency of health care.

Application of IT used in health care :

◦ Telemedicine

◦ Medline

◦ Teaching Physical Education


telemedicin

e

Health care professionals in separate locations conduct live conferences on the computer.


medline

Many web sites provide up-to-date medical, fitness, nutrition or exercise information.


Teaching

physical

education

• By using software application, CDROM and ICT tools.

• To analyze the physical activity action.

• To enhance athletes performances.


5. science

All branches of science use IT to assist them

with collecting, analyzing and modeling data.

Applications of IT used in science :

◦ Cochlear implant

◦ Electrodes implant

◦ Neural network

◦ Simulation


6. publishing

The publication of information in mostly electronic intangible formats.

It takes the format of works published online, on a compact disk, e-mailed or provided in a file format compatible with handheld electronic readers.

Applications of IT used in publishing : ◦ Digital newspaper

◦ Digital magazine

◦ Film makers (creating and editing film)

◦ Artists (in composing and enhance songs)


7. travel

Travel has become much more easier,

enjoyable and comfortable with the use of

technology.

Applications of IT used in travel :

◦ Car Navigation System by Global Positioning

System (GPS)

◦ Airport traffic controller

◦ Automatic toll payment system

◦ Online reservation system (flight, hotel)

Car Navigation

System by Global

Positioning System

(GPS)

Combined technology of locating, mapping and route guidance of cars.

The location of the car is estimated by a GPS receiver.


Airport traffic

controller

The workers in airport tower rely on computers to help monitor air traffic


automatic toll

payment system

Automatic toll payment is an ideal solution, for both frequent and occasional motorway users.


Online reservation

system

Airlines ticket Hotels


8. manufacturing

IT in the manufacturing industry refers to the tools, equipment and systems used to manufacture goods.

IT is used throughout the manufacturing process, from the design of manufactured goods to the completion of goods ready for sale and distribution.

Applications of IT used in manufacturing :

◦ Computer-aided design (CAD) software for design

◦ Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) streamlines the production process

◦ Barcode-based tracking systems


Computer-aided

design (CAD)

Software for design


Computer-aided

manufacturing

(CAM)

Robot being used in car assembly system


Categories of computers

1. Supercomputer

2. Mainframe

3. Personal Computer

4. Mobile Computer and Devices

5. Embedded Computer


1. supercomputer The fastest type of computer with high

performance.

Very expensive.

Designed for specialized applications that

require immense amounts of mathematical

calculations.

For example :

◦ weather forecasting

◦ animated graphics

◦ fluid dynamic calculations

◦ nuclear energy research

◦ petroleum exploration.


The Blue Gene/P

Supercomputer at Argonne National Lab runs over 250,000 processors using normal data center air conditioning, grouped in 72 racks/cabinets connected by a high-speed optical network.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Gene

2. mainframe

A mainframe is a large, expensive,

powerful computer that can handle

hundreds or thousands of connected

users simultaneously.

Stores tremendous amounts of data,

instructions and information.

Mostly used by major corporations for

business processing activities such as :

◦ order processing

◦ flight scheduling

◦ information storage

◦ high-capacity network servers.


Mainframe

COMPUTER

Mainframe computers can handle thousands of connected computers and process millions of instructions per second.

3. personal computer

A personal computer is a computer that

can perform all of its input, processing,

output and storage activities by itself.

A personal computer contains a

processor, memory and one or more

input, output and storage devices.

Personal computers also often contain

communications device.



The term, PC-compatible, refers to any

personal computer based on the original

IBM personal computer design.

Companies such as Dell, HP and Toshiba

sell PC-compatible computers.



Two popular architectures of personal

computers are the PC and the Apple.

PC and PC-compatible computers

usually use a Windows operating

system.

Apple computers usually use a

Macintosh operating system (Mac OS).




PC-compatible with

Windows operating

system

Apple computer with Mac OS

4. MOBILE computer & DEVICES

A mobile computer is a personal

computer you can carry from place to

place.


Note

book

Notebook/Laptop

Netbook

Tablet PC


The most popular type of mobile

computer is notebook computer.

A notebook computer, also called a

laptop computer is a portable, personal

computer often designed to fit on your

lap.



A netbook, which is a type of notebook

computer is smaller, lighter and often

not as powerful as a traditional

notebook computer.



Tablet PC is a special type of notebook

computer that allows you to write or

draw on the screen using a digital pen.

With a digital pen or stylus, users write

or draw by pressing the pen on the

screen and issue the instructions to the

Tablet PC by tapping on the screen.

Most Tablet PCs have touch screens.



Mobile device is a computing device

small enough to hold in your hand.

Characteristics of mobile device:

i. Store programs and data

permanently on special memory

inside the system unit.

ii. Can store on small storage media

such as memory card.

iii. Some are Internet-enabled.

iv. Often connect to personal

computer to exchange information.



Example of mobile devices:

i. Smart Phones

ii. PDA (Personal Digital Assistant)

iii. Handheld Computer

iv. Portable Media Players

v. Digital Camera

vi. E-book Reader




Some smart phones have

touch screens; others have

mini keyboards.

PDA (Personal Digital

Assistant)



This handheld computer

is a lightweight computer

that enables delivery people

to obtain and record

information about their

deliveries.

The iPod, shown here, is a

popular portable media

player.



With a digital camera, users can view photographed images immediately

through a small screen on the camera to see of the picture is worth keeping.



An e-book reader ; Kindle Fire HD from Amazon.com

5. EMBEDDED computer

An embedded computer is a special-

purpose computer that functions as a

component in a larger product.

Embedded computers are every-where; at

home, in your car and at work.


5. EMBEDDED computer The following list identifies a variety of

everyday products that contains

embedded computers.


Type Example

Consumer

Electronics

Mobile & digital telephones, digital televisions, cameras.

Home Automation

Devices

Thermostats, sprinkling systems, security monitoring

systems.

Automobiles Antilock brakes, airbag controllers, cruise controls.

Process Controller

& Robotics

Power monitors, machine controllers, medical devices.

Computer Device

& Office Machine

Keyboards, printers, fax machine.

Differences between types of computers

Types of

computers

Pyhsical

Size Speed Storage

Supercomputer Full room of

equipment

Extremely fast. Can perform

hundreds of millions of

instructions per second (1

Tbps)

Extremely big storage.

Latest is 40 Peta Bytes. (1000

Tera Bytes = 1 Peta Bytes)

Mainframe Partial room to

full room of

equipment

Powerful multi-user computer

capable of supporting

hundreds or thousands of

users simultaneously

Big storage up to 1 Peta

Bytes.

Personal computer Fits on a desk Single-user computer based on

a microprocessor speed.

Moderate storage from

Giga Bytes to Tera Bytes.

Mobile computers

& devices

Fits on your lap

on in your hand

Less speed rather than

personal computer.

Small storage from Mega

Bytes to Giga Bytes.

Embedded

computers

Miniature Less speed rather than mobile

computers & devices.

Very small storage from

Kilo Bytes up to Giga Bytes.


1.0 introduction to information technology · 01.04.2016 · introduction to information...

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