10 indirect measurement
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INDIRECT WORK MEASUREMENT
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OUTLINE
Indirect Work MeasurementTechnique
Standard Data/ Formula
MTM
MOST
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WORK MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE
Work Measurement estimation using table(not on the workplace).
INDIRECT
Regression Analysis Standard Data/FormulaPredetermined
Motion Time System
General Approach Functional Approach
(for specific purpose)
-MTM
-MOST
-MTM-M
-MTM-C
-MTM-V
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Indirect Method
Strength1. Finishing time can be defined before the work conductedevery motion
element time is already known.
2. Minimum Time only record one motion element.
3. Lower cost.
Weakness
1. There is no motion table time of motion time data thatdetail and comprehensive
2. Used table not from Indonesia.
3. Need high accuracy from observer.
4. Motion Time Data adjusted with the working condition,ex: office working element VS factory working element.
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Standard Data and Formula Method
Work Measurement standard time thatdefined for every working element based onprevious research.
Ex. : Making a hole with drilling process
standard set up time & handling time.
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Standard Data and Formula Method
Standard data methodfor constant workingelements, Ex.: set-up,loading/unloading,
handling machine.
Formula method (rumus) for inconstantworking elements (variable). Ex.: machining
on drilling machine, drilling, frais.
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Standard Data and Formula Method
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Standard Data and Formula Method
Example database of Standard Time
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Standard Data and Formula Method
Predicting Time (T) from Diameter (ID) and Thickness(Thickness) of work piece.
Formula is derived based on linear regression method.
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Regression Analysis Method
Time data obtained through someexperiments and corelated with one or more
variables
Example: turning process on lathe affected bytypes and thickness of material
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MTM
Is a system to set from the beginning of standardtime (predetermined time standard) which
formulated based on picture study of working
motions of an industrial working operation tapedin film.
Time of every working element is determined
based on certain condition that called classes.
These classes include stopping circumstances,
condition of carried objects, difficulties to handle
objects or other conditions.
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MTM
Method Time Measurement divides workingmotions into working elements :
1. Menjangkau (reach)
2. Mengangkut (move)
3. Memutar (turn)
4. Memegang (grasp)
5. Mengarahkan (position)
6. Melepas (release)7. Melepas rakit (disassemble)
8. Menggerakan mata (eye movement), and someother body parts movement.
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MTM
Time unit used in the table is the same as themultiplication of 0.00001 hour and this unitmeasurement is called as TMU (Time-MeasurementUnit).
Time for therbligs is measured in Time MeasurementUnit (TMU)
1 TMU = 0.00001 hour
= 0.0006 minute
= 0.036 second
1 hour = 100,000 TMU
1 minute = 1,667 TMU
1 second = 27.8 TMU
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MTM
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MTM TABEL MOVE
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MTM
General Notation on every motion in BasicMovement Time Measurement is
a b c
d
Where as:
a : basic motion of work
b : distance travelled
c : class of related basic motion
d : notation for other affecting factorsrelated basic motion such as accuracy and weight.
This time is should be added on the time for a b c.
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MTM
Example :
R 16 A = Reach, distance 16 inches,
description A
G 1 A = Grasp, description 1A
= 2.0 x 0.036
=0.072 second
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MTM
MTM-V : Metal cutting operations
MTM-C : Clerical workadministration. MTM-M : work using stereoscopic
microscope.
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MOST
Kjell Zendin HB Maynard and Company (1960).
For every types of activity can have different
motions sequences. Thats why the models activity
sequence separation in MOST method. The separation is divided into 3 motion sequences
that depict manual working.
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MOST
1. General Motion Sequence (The generalmove sequence).
2. The controlled move sequence.
3. The tool use sequence.
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MOST
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MOST
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MOST
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MOST: The general move sequence
Object movement manually from one place to
another place freely.
Motion sequence in General move : A : jarak gerakan (action distance), especially on
horizontal movement
B : gerakan badan (body motion), especially on
vertical movement
G : proses pengendalian (gain control)
P : penempatan (place)
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In general, this model has sequence:ABG ABP A
Mengambil(take) Menyimpan(store) Kembali(return)
Based on activity conducted and adjusted with the table,every parameter is indexed accordingly, where as thesequence become AiBiGiAiBiPiAi
Wsorking time is determined by adding indexes (i)
of every parameter and times by 10 and the scorewill be obtained in TMU, then converted to second,minutes or hour as needed.
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MOST: The general move sequence
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MOST: The general move sequence
Example:
An operator walking in 3-4 steps distance for taking nut
from the floor, stoop and get up and placing the nut in a
hole.
Sequence Model?
How long is the time?
Use time unit in TMU.
1 TMU = 0.00001 hour 1 hour = 100000 TMU
1 TMU = 0.0006 minutes 1 minute = 1667 TMU
1 TMU = 0.036 seconds 1 second = 27,8 TMU
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MOST: The general move sequence
Using the previous table, the general activitysequence is:
A6 = walking 3-4 steps to location
B6 = stoop and rise G1 = control on light object
A1 = move object in hand reach
B0 = without body movement
P3 = placing and adjusting object
A0 = without reutrn to previous place
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MOST: The general move sequence
TMU of every sequence model is calculated by adding inexesand multiply it with 10.
So, the summary: A6 B6 G1 A1 B0 P3 A0
=6+6+1+1+0+3+0 = 17.
The time of activity is 170 TMU = 0.102 minutes.
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This sequence is applied on transferring object,
where the object is in touch with a surface or
combined with othe object during the transfer.
Parameter used is ABG with adding MXI. M every motion that controlled manually or motion of
object is in controlled step.
X shows process time, done by machine and not by hands. I straightening motion, shows the manual movement that
follows in controlled motioin or in the end of the process to
achiece object straightening.
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MOST: The controlled move sequence
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Controlled motion is happened because of two circumstances: Object is controlled in relation with othe object, such as pushing the
button, opening door, rotate lever.
Object is controlled because of contact with another objectsurfaces, example pushing the box above the table.
A BG M XI Aget move return
Parameter M = push, pull, pivot. Parameter X = because the process done by machine.
Parameter I = straightening movement that shows manualmovement that is controlled or in the end of the process timeto obtain straightened object.
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MOST: The controlled move sequence
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This sequence is applied on movement part that used orutilize/wear the help of handy tools such as pliers, screwdriver,
wrench, hammer etc.
Started with general motion, and then followed by time
measurement for hand with tools motions.
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MOST: The controlled move sequence
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General Sequence:
ABG ABP ABP A
get place use put the tools back
mencapai menempatkan memakai meletakkan kembali
objek/alat objek/alat alat alat
In the part of using tools is filled with one of
the parameter: F C L S M R T
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MOST: The tool use sequence
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MOST: The tool use sequence
F = fasten (mengencangkan)
C = cut
L = loosen (mengendurkan)
S = surface treat (mis. Ampelas)
M = measure
R = record T = think
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STUDY CASE
R 16 A
R 27 B
R 34 A R 39 B
M 17 A
People is move from one place with the distance
of 5 feets, to take a plier and use it. Daily Activities.