10-02 complete the following analogy. subsistence agriculture is to labor intensive as commercial...
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10-02 Complete the following analogy. Subsistence agriculture is to labor intensive as commercial agriculture is to:
A. capital intensive.
B. driving intensive.
C. mentally intensive.
D. nature intensive.
E. worker intensive.
Take out your Food Worksheet from yesterday
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10-02 Complete the following analogy. Subsistence agriculture is to labor intensive as commercial agriculture is to:
A. capital intensive.
B. driving intensive.
C. mentally intensive.
D. nature intensive.
E. worker intensive.
Explanation: Commercial agriculture relies on fewer workers and more machinery to produce food for market.
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Peter Menzel - Material World
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5005952
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Bargteheide, Germany: Melander family Food expenditure for one week:
375.39 Euros or $500.07
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North Carolina, U.S.: Revis family Food expenditure for one week $341.98
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Italy: The Manzo family of Sicily Food expenditure for one week: 214.36 Euros or
$260.11
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Mexico: The Casales family of Cuernavaca Food expenditure for one week: 1,862.78 Mexican
Pesos or $189.09
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Poland: The Sobczynscy family of Konstancin-Jeziorna Food expenditure for one week: 582.48 Zlotys or
$151.27
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Egypt: The Ahmed family of CairoFood expenditure for one week: 387.85 Egyptian
Pounds or $68.53
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Ecuador: The Ayme family of TingoFood expenditure for one week: $31.55
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Bhutan: The Namgay family of Shingkhey VillageFood expenditure for one week: 224.93 ngultrum
or $5.03
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Breidjing Camp, Chad: Aboubakar familyFood expenditure for one week: 685 CFA
Francs or $1.23
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Where Did Agriculture Originate?
• Origins of agriculture– Agriculture = deliberate modification of
Earth’s surface through the cultivation of plants and/or rearing of animals
– Cultivate = “to care for”– Crop = any plant cultivated by people
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Where Did Agriculture Originate?
• Origins of agriculture– Hunter-gatherers
• Perhaps 250,000 remaining today
– Invention of agriculture• When it began = unclear• Diffused from many hearths
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Crop Hearths
Figure 10-2
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Animal Hearths
Figure 10-3
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Where Did Agriculture Originate?
• Commercial and subsistence agriculture– Subsistence = produced mainly for the
farm family’s survival• Most common in LDCs
– Commercial = produced mainly for sale off the farm
• Most common in MDCs
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Agriculture and Climate
Figure 10-4
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Which is a good example of subsistence agriculture?A. Large corporate farms
B. A family growing its own vegetables
C. Tariffs on food imports
D. The price of oranges changing when there is a hard freeze on Florida
E. The exportation of agricultural practices and technologies to less developed areas
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Where Did Agriculture Originate?
• Commercial and subsistence agriculture– Five characteristics distinguish commercial
from subsistence agriculture• Purpose of farming• Percentage of farmers in the labor force• Use of machinery • Farm size• Relationship of farming to other businesses
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Agricultural Workers
Figure 10-5
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Area of Farmland Per Tractor
Figure 10-6
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Where are Agricultural Regions in LDCs?
• Shifting cultivation– Most prevalent in low-latitude, A-type
climates– Two features:
• Land is cleared by slashing and burning debris– Slash-and-burn agriculture
• Land is tended for only a few years at a time
– Types of crops grown vary regionally– Traditionally, land is not owned individually
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Where are Agricultural Regions in LDCs?
• Pastoral nomadism (herding domesticated animals)
– Found primarily in arid and semiarid B-type climates
– Animals are seldom eaten• The size of the herd indicates power and prestige
– Type of animal depends on the region• For example, camels are favored in North Africa and
Southwest Asia
– Transhumance practiced by some pastoral nomads
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Where are Agricultural Regions in LDCs?
• Intensive subsistence– Found in areas with high population and
agricultural densities• Especially in East, South, and Southeast Asia • To maximize production, little to no land is
wasted
– Intensive with wet rice dominant– Intensive with wet rice not dominant
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Rice Production
Figure 10-12
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Where are Agricultural Regions in LDCs?
• Plantation farming– Found in Latin America, Africa, and Asia– Products are grown in LDCs but typically
are sold to MDCs– Plantations specialize in one or two cash
crops• Important crops = coffee, sugarcane, cotton,
rubber, and tobacco
– A large labor force is usually needed in sparsely settled regions