1. what is the current seven-level classification system ... · b. has a...

Bio.3.5.1 & Bio.3.5.2 Classification

1. What is the current seven-level classification system? (hint: Remember your acronym!)

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

King Philip Came Over For Good Soup

2. What is binomial nomenclature? Give an example and label the two names correctly.

• Binomial nomenclature is the official two-part scientific naming system for species in Latin.

• Using humans as an example:

• Homo sapiens

3. How are DNA and biochemical analysis, embryology, and morphology used to classify

organisms?

• Organisms used to only be classified based on how they look (morphology)

• Now, organisms are classified based on their DNA (biochemical), as well as embryological (babies), and morphology.

• For example: tigers and lions are grouped together because they have similar DNA and they look similar.

4. To the left is a phylogenic tree of some

organisms.

a. According to this tree, which 3 pairs of organisms are most closely related?

b. Which organism is most closely related to the rayfinned fish?

c. Which organisms are the mammals most closely related to?

Salamanders and frogs, lizards and snakes, crocodiles and birds

Lungfish (because they’re close together on the chart)

Birds and Crocodiles (because they’re close together on the chart)

5. Use the dichotomous key to identify the following organisms:

a.

b.

Dichotomous Key

A. only 1 cell………………go to 2

B. more than 1 cell…………go to 3

A. no nucleus………………Monera

B. Has a nucleus…………Protista

A. Autotrophic…………..Plantae

B. Heterotrophic…………go to 4

A. Mobile……………….Animalia

B. Immobile……………..Fungi

1 cell, with a nucleus= Protista

More than 1 cell,Heterotrophic, Immobile (can’t move)= Fungi

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Bio.1.2.3 & Bio.2.1.2 Kingdoms and Adaptations1. Label each description with the correct eukaryotic kingdom or kingdoms: Plantae, Fungi, Animalia, Protistaa. Contains autotrophs and heterotrophs: ___________b. Contains only heterotrophs: ___________________c. Contains gymnosperms and angiosperms: ________d. Contains annelid worms, insects, amphibians, and

mammals: _____________________________e. Contains organisms composed of only eukaryotic cells:

______________________________f. Contains organisms that can carry out photosynthesis:

______________________________g. Contains decomposers: ______________________h. Contains only multicellular organisms: ____________

__________________________________

ProtistaAnimalia

Plantae

Animalia

Animalia, Fungi, and Plantae

Plantae, and Protista

Fungi

Animalia, Fungi, and Plantae

2. Fill in the following chart with the characteristics of the various kingdoms.

Bacteria Archaea Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

Eukaryotic or prokaryotic

Multicellular or single-celled

Sexual or asexual reproduction

Autotrophic or heterotrophic

Aerobic or anaerobic

Cell walls or no cell walls

Prokaryotic Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic

Multi-Multi-Multi-Single or Multi-

SingleSingle

Asexual Asexual Asexual Asexual or Sexual

Sexual or Asexual

Sexual

Auto- or hetero-

Auto- or hetero-

Auto- or hetero-

Hetero- Hetero-Auto-

Anaerobic Anaerobic Aerobic Aerobic Aerobic Aerobic

Cell wall Cell wall Cell wall or no cell wall

Cell wall Cell wall No Cell wall

1. Fill in the blanks with one of the following groups of organisms: unicellular protists, annelid worms, amphibians, mammals, insects, non-vascular plants, gymnosperms, angiosperms.

a. Reproduces sexually, breathe using lungs, and have very well-developed kidneys: _________

b. Transport materials through xylem and phloem, reproduce using covered seeds: _________

c. Have a 3-chambered heart, a well-developed nervous system, and breathes through gills or through skin during early stages: __________________

d. Have a special organ called a nephridia which helps to filter wastes: _____________

e. Undergoes metamorphosis where the organism molts/sheds its exoskeleton: ____________

f. Reproduces either asexually or sexually using spores: __________________

g. Has no true stems or roots: __________________

h. The wind helps to spread the reproductive materials for this group of organisms: ________

i. Species display great variation of mouth parts due to eating different things. Reproduce using internal fertilization and internal development: __________________

j. Spend the first half of their life in water: __________________

k. Control their own internal body temperature: __________________

l. Species has coevolved with several species of insects and mammals that help the species spread the genetic material through pollination: __________________

m. Reproduce sexually and asexually, have a closed circulatory system: __________________

n. Perform photosynthesis to get nutrients, needs water to reproduce: __________________

o. Practice transpiration to get rid of waste and use a naked seed to reproduce: ___________

p. Use osmosis and diffusion for transport and regulation: __________________

Don’t worry

about this partss

1. Compare and contrast viruses and bacteria.

Bacteria are living cells that can live by themselves or inside another organism.

Viruses are non-living things that require a host to multiply.

Both can cause infections.

2. What is meant by co-evolution? Give an example of a flowering plant and a pollinator

and describe how co-evolution works?

Coevolution is when two or more closely related/ interacting species evolve to become more dependent upon each other.

For example, bees or other insects evolve to have specialized parts to feed on a plant while still pollinating the plants.

Don’t worry

about this part

3. Different organisms have developed structural adaptations to be more successful in their environments to obtain food,

adapt from water to land, and ensure successful reproduction. Explain these adaptations below:

a) A group of finches were isolated on an island and over many generations, the beaks of the species changed from short and hooked to long and pointed. What caused this change to occur to create this new species?

The finches evolved because of the food sources available to them. The birds that had long and pointed beaks were able to find more food and survive, and then reproduce, which means more finches were born with long and pointed beaks. This eventually lead to the evolution of the species.



b) Over time the hibiscus flower has developed a tube-shape and bright red coloring. Hummingbirds are the common pollinator of the hibiscus flower. Explain how these two organisms influenced each other during evolution (Why are they dependent on each other?)

Hummingbirds have long, thin beaks to reach into hibiscus flowers. These two species co-evolved and became more specialized so that now hummingbirds fit the flowers and can pollinate them but other birds can’t.



c) There are many different physical traits and behaviors that attract mates. Male peacocks have large, brightly colored feathers they show when attracting a mate. However, this could be a disadvantage to the peacock in a way that would make him unable to reproduce. How? (hint: think about who he might be attracting!)

The peacocks bright feathers can attract a mate, but they can also draw the attention of predators. If feathers are too big or too bright then a predator might find and eat the peacock.



d) Non-vascular plants (mosses) lack actual stems and roots, live in moist areas, and obtain water through osmosis. How have plants, such as trees, changed in structure over time to adapt to a terrestrial (land) environment?

Large plants have developed xylem and phloem to be able to grow that large and to live on land. Xylem transport water up to the leaves, and phloem transports sugars down to the rest of the plant so the plant can grow large and survive.

Bio.2.1.2 Behavioral Adaptations1. A rat learns to press a button to get food

_______________

2. A dog always salivates that the ringing of a bell ______________

3. A bird stops responding to a repeated warning call when it is not followed by an attack _____________

4. A baby mammal suckling milk _______________

5. A worm moving away from bright light ________________

6. A spider spinning a web ______________

7. A baby learns who her parents are by recognizing their faces _______________

Conditioning

Habituation

Instinct

Phototaxis

Conditioning

Instinct

Imprinting

Bio.2.1.3 Ecosystems and Relationships

1. List three Biotic factors:

2. List three Abiotic factors:

Biotic factors include living things such as plants, animals, fungi, etc.

Abiotic factors include living things such as sunlight, water, soil, air, etc.

Explain in your own words (and faces!) what the three types of symbiotic relationships are…

• MUTUALISM

• COMMENSALISM

• PARASITISM

Both species benefit and

One species benefits and the other isn’t affected and

One species benefits and the other is harmed and

Identify the type of relationship described in the following examples:

1. The clever Honey-Finder birds lead humans to beehives so that human hands will open the dangerous beehive and expose the precious honeycomb for the bird to access.

Because both the human and the bird get honey, this is an example of mutualism.


2. Tapeworms are segmented flatworms that attach themselves to the insides of the intestines of animals such as cows, pigs, and humans. They get food by eating the host's partly digested food.

Because the tapeworm gets food but takes it from the host (causing harm), this is an example of parasitism.


3. Mistletoe attaches to a tree and sends out roots that penetrate the tree and feeds off of some of the tree’s nutrients and minerals.

Because the mistletoe steals nutrients (a benefit) from the tree (which is harmed) this is an example of parasitism.


4. Clownfish dwell among the tentacles of tropical sea anemones. The territorial fish protects the anemone from anemone-eating fish, and in turn the stinging tentacles of the anemone protect the clownfish from its predators (a special mucus on the clownfish protects it from the stinging tentacles).

Because the fish gets a home (a benefit), and the anemone is protected from other fish (also a benefit), this is an example of mutualism.


5. A smaller tree in the rain forest receives less sunlight from an adjacent tree that is larger than it. Both of the trees need this sunlight in order to survive, reproduce and grow.

Because both trees receive sunlight, but they don’t try to steal the sunlight from each other, this is an example of commensalism.

Bio.2.1.4 Population EcologyS curve J Curve

Draw a…

Exponential or Logistic?Does it reach carrying capacity?Are there any limiting factors?Which one describes humans?

Logistic

Yes

Yes

This does NOT describe humans (at least, not yet)

Exponential

No

No

This does NOT describe humans (right now)

Ecosystem Hierarchy:Write the ecosystem hierarchy below, from smallest to largest:

Organism _________________

____________________ ___________________

Population

CommunityEcosystem

Making Predictions:Scenario Population will: Increase,

Decrease, Remain Stable

High birth rate, high infant mortality rate

High birth rate, low death rate

Low birth rate, high death rate

High birth rate, high emigration rates

Remain stable

Increase

Decrease

Remain stable

Age-Structure Diagrams:Label the populations as: INCREASING or

DECREASING or STABLE

Stable Increase Increase

Bio.2.1.1 Energy Transfer and Cycles1. What are the

producers in this food web?

2. What are the primary consumers (herbivores) in this food web?

3. What are the secondary consumers in this food web?

Oak tree (blossoms, nuts, leaves, etc.)

Bees, deer, mice, rabbits, and insects

Toad, birds, red fox, wolf

Bio.2.1.1 Energy Transfer and Cycles4. What are the tertiary consumers in this food web?

5. What would happen to the ecosystem if the insects were removed from the food web?

Skunk, red fox, wolf, and bear

Without insects, the toads, skunks, and birds would all immediately start starving and would need to find other things to eat.

6. Create an energy pyramid from the food chain: Oak bark Rabbit Wolf Bear

7. Who has the most energy in this pyramid? ____________ Who has the least energy? __________________8. Who has the highest biomass in this pyramid? _________ Who has the lowest biomass? _______________

Oak bark

Rabbit

Wolf

Bear

Oak bark

Bear

Oak bark

Bear

9. What happens to energy as it moves through the food chain/web?

10. What is the ultimate source of energy for this food web?

11. What is the role of bacteria and fungi in an ecosystem? What are they called and what is their job?

12. What is nitrification and what is its purpose?

The amount of energy shrinks as it moves up because organisms use the energy.

The Sun is the source of energy for all life on Earth.

Bacteria and Fungi are decomposers, and help break down dead organisms and return those nutrients to the soil.

This is an important step in the nitrogen cycle to make nitrogen available for organisms to use.

13. What are two ways that Carbon Dioxide enters the atmosphere?

14. Water can enter the atmosphere by evaporating from the leaves of plants in what process?

15. In what ways does deforestation disrupt the carbon cycle?

Cellular respiration releases carbon dioxide, and combustion (burning) releases carbon dioxide as well.

Water evaporating from the leaves of plants is called transpiration.

Deforestation releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, but it also stops those trees from absorbing CO2 which also increases CO2 in the atmosphere.

Bio.2.2.1 & Bio.2.2.2 Human ImpactExplain the effect each of the following may have on the environment.

Factor Effect on Environment

Human Population Size

Acid Rain

Introduced non-native species

(invasive species)

Pesticide use (Bioaccumlation)

Deforestation

Ozone Depletion

As the human population increases, we use more resources and destroy habitats.

When air pollution mixes with rain it becomes acidic and can destroy environments.

When a species is introduced somewhere new, where it doesn’t have any predators, it can spread and take over the new habitat.

Chemicals like pesticides can’t be digested in the body so they are stored. This pollution accumulates in the food chain, until top predators become poisoned.

Deforestation means to cut down trees and habitats. Because plants trap carbon dioxide, fewer trees adds to global warming.

CFCs are a chemical that destroys the ozone layer of the atmosphere. Ozone protects us from UV radiation.

2. What processes ADD carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?

3. What process REMOVES carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?

4. What is the number one cause of ALL environmental problems?

5. Increasing CFC’s lead to a decrease in the ____________ layer. Increasing CO2 leads to an increase in the global ____________________.

Cellular respiration releases carbon dioxide, and combustion (burning) releases carbon dioxide as well.

Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

Human population growth and our use of resources and destruction of other habitats causes most problems.

OzoneTemperature, called global warming.

1. what is the current seven-level classification system ... · b. has a...

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