1 what is “design for environment” ? design for environment (dfe) is a product design approach...
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WHAT IS “DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT” ?
Design for Environment (DFE) is a product design
approach for reducing the impact of products on the
environment.
http://www.bsdglobal.com/tools/bt_dfe.asp
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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
wikipedia.org
Sustainable development (SD) is a pattern of resource use that aims to meet human needs while
preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for
generations to come.
Sustainable design (also called environmental design, environmentally sustainable design,
environmentally conscious design, etc.) is the philosophy of designing physical objects, the built
environment, and services to comply with the principles of economic, social, and ecological
sustainability.
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
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Specification Development
% o
f pr
oduc
t im
pact
on
env
iron
men
t
Conceptual Design
Detailed design Time
100
60
0
20
40
80
70% - 80% of product impact on environment is established after
20% of design activity is complete (just like with production cost)
WHY “DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT” ?
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PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE
Otto et al Product Design”
Products may have an adverse effect on environment during their entire life cycle.
Therefore, all life stages must beer considered in Design for Environment.
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1. Specification Development / Planning PhaseDetermine need, customer and engineering requirements
Develop a project plan
2. Conceptual Design PhaseGenerate and evaluate concepts
Select best solution
3. Detail Design PhaseDocumentation and part specification
Prototype evaluation
4. Production PhaseComponent manufacture and assembly
Plant facilities / capabilities
5. Service PhaseInstallation, use , maintenance and safety
6. Product Retirement PhaseLength of use, disposal, and recycle
PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE
This is when product has impact on environment
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8Otto et al Product Design”
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT GUIDELINES
Guidelines for PRODUCT STRUCTURE
Guidelines for MATERIAL SELECTION
Guidelines for LABELING AND FINISH
Guidelines for FASTENING
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PRODUCT STRUCTURE GUIDELINES
Guideline Reason
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MATERIAL SELECTION GUIDELINES
Otto et al Product Design”
Guideline Reason
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LABELING AND FINISHING GUIDELINES
Otto et al Product Design”
Guideline Reason
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FASTENING GUIDELINES
Otto et al Product Design”
Guideline Reason
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Guidelines for ENVIRONMENTAL MANUFACTURING
Guidelines for RECYCLING AND DISPOSABILITY
Guidelines for ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Guidelines for ENVIRONMENTAL PACKAGING
Guidelines for HAZARDOUS MATERIAL MINIMIZATION
Guidelines for DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY
http://www.bsdglobal.com/tools/bt_dfe.asp
DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ENVIRONMENT PRACTICES
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DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANUFACTURING
Non-toxic processes & production materials
Minimum energy utilization
Minimize emissions
Minimize waste, scrap & by-products
http://www.npd-solutions.com/dfe.html
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DESIGN FOR RECYCLING AND DISPOSABILITY
Re-use / refurbishment of components & assemblies
Material selection to enable re-use (e.g., thermoset plastics vs. thermoplastics) and
minimize toxicity
Avoids filler material in plastics such as fiberglass and graphite
Minimum number of materials / colors to facilitate separating materials and re-use
Material identification to facilitate re-use
Design to enable materials to be easily separated
Design for disassembly (e.g., fracture points, fastening vs. bonding)
Avoid use of adhesives
Limit contaminants - additives, coatings, metal plating of plastics, etc.
Maximize use of recycled or ground material with virgin material
Design for serviceability to minimize disposal of non-working products
http://www.npd-solutions.com/dfe.html
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DESIGN FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY
http://www.bsdglobal.com/tools/bt_dfe.asp
Appliances
Heating & Cooling Home Electronics Office Equipment Lighting
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DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PACKAGING
Minimum of packaging materials
Reusable pallets, totes and packaging
Recyclable packaging materials
Bio-degradable packaging materials
http://www.npd-solutions.com/dfe.html
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HAZARDOUS MATERIAL MINIMIZATION
No ozone depleting CFCs or HCFCs used in manufacturing processes.
Elimination of polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), polybrominated diphenyl
ethers and oxides (PBBEs/PBDEs and PBDOs) from products.
Reduction in the use of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) mechanical parts.
http://www.bsdglobal.com/tools/bt_dfe.asp
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DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY
Provide ready access to parts, fasteners, etc. to support disassembly.
Design modular products to enable modules to be disassembled for
service or re-use.
Minimize weight of individual parts and modules to facilitate
disassembly.
Use joining and fastening techniques to facilitate disassembly (e.g.,
fasteners instead of adhesives)
Minimize fragile parts to enable re-use and re-assembly.
Use connectors instead of hard-wired connections.
Design to enable use of common hand tools for disassembly.
http://www.npd-solutions.com/dfe.html
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DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY
http://www.npd-solutions.com/dfe.html
Design for disassembly is nothing more than the planned
mortality of human creation.
Everything that is made must be unmade at some future date.
This is the natural imperative.
Everything must eventually be recycled, therefore, everything
that is introduced into the biosphere must have a plan for its
disposal when it is created!
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BMW's 1991 Z1 Roadster, whose plastic side panels come apart like the halves of a walnut shell, is
an example of a car designed for disassembly. One of the lessons learned, is that glue or solder in
bumpers should be replaced with fasteners so that the bumpers can come apart more easily and the
materials can be recycled. BMW is also changing instrument panels. In the past they were made of
an assortment of synthetics glued together. Now BMW uses variations of polyurethane, foam, and
rubber so the panel can be recycled. The portion of a car recycled is 80% by weight and BMW is
aiming for 95%.
http://www.npd-solutions.com/dfe.html
DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY
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22http://www.moea.state.mn.us/p2/dfe-examples.cfm
Modular computer chassis – easy to separate components for disassembly
DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY
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23http://www.moea.state.mn.us/p2/dfe-examples.cfm
"Dart" fastener - easy to separate components for disassembly
DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY
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24http://www.moea.state.mn.us/p2/dfe-examples.cfm
Miniature fuel cells - easy to separate components for disassembly
DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY
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25http://www.moea.state.mn.us/p2/dfe-examples.cfm
Human-powered portables
DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY
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Design to minimize material usage
Design for disassembly
Design for recycling
Design for remanufacturing
Design to minimize hazardous materials
Design for energy efficiency
Design to regulations and standards
SUMMARY OF TECHNIQUES TO REDUCE
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
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EXAMPLES OF DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Vegetable transmission fluid and hydraulic fluidWill not cause permanent contamination if spilled.
BIODEGRADABILITY
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Diesel engine5L/100km
EXAMPLES OF DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Some not very cool products are excellent for environments
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EXAMPLES OF DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Not every cool design is necessarily good for environment
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EXAMPLES OF DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Not every cool design is necessarily good for environment
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EXAMPLES OF DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Not every cool design is necessarily good for environment
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http://us.toshiba.com/green/reuse-and-recycling
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
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http://www.steamwhistle.ca/ourbeer/greenInitiatives.php
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
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Materials Impacts
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT DURING THE LIFE OF PRODUCT
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Manufacturing impact
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT DURING THE LIFE OF PRODUCT
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Use & Transportation ImpactsEnergy and Fleet costs
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT DURING THE LIFE OF PRODUCT
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End of Life
Pollution Costs of Disposal
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT DURING THE LIFE OF PRODUCT
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Glass Beer Bottles vs. Aluminum Beer Cans
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Aluminum vs. Steel Wheels
For more information please visit:http://www.inkavera.com/2010/09/30/lca/aluminum-wheels-versus-steel-wheels/
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SolidWorks Sustainability