1 welcome to biology 101 human anatomy & physiology i a tour through the visible human (national...
TRANSCRIPT
1
Welcome to Biology 101Human Anatomy & Physiology I
A tour through the Visible Human (National Library of Medicine)…
Please be sure you pick up handouts, and initial the attendance sheet; names are in ALPHABETICAL ORDER!
You should initial the attendance sheet each time you come to lecture.
2
General Information
• Who am I?– Greg Erianne, Ph.D.– Office SH 205– E-mail - CCM: [email protected]– Telephone; 973-328-5377 (voice mail)
– Web site: http://www.gserianne.com/science/GerianneBio101/
3
Chapter 1The Human Body:
An OrientationLecture 1
Marieb’s HumanAnatomy and
Physiology
Marieb Hoehn
4
Emergency Evacuation Procedures• Emergency evacuation may be required when there is an actual or potential danger to
the occupants of any building as a result of fire or other emergency situation. When a fire alarm is sounded, all occupants must leave the building(s) via the nearest exit and proceed immediately to the designated staging area and remain 50 feet from any building. Fire Marshals will direct the evacuation. All walkways and roads must remain clear for emergency vehicles. Take all belongings with you. You will remain there until the all clear is sounded, or a Fire Marshal directs you to a remote staging area. Evacuation of physically disabled individuals will be assisted or coordinated by the faculty at the site. DO NOT USE ELEVATORS DURING THE EVACUATION PROCESS. The evacuation staging area for this classroom or laboratory is (Please state staging area from accompanying chart).
The evacuation staging area for this classroom or laboratory is:
• SH 100-level Classrooms/LabsLawn above HH stairs, Parking lot 5
• DH 100-level ClassroomsRear exit to lot 1 50 ft past walkway, Parking lot 1
5
Course Web Sites• Our Web sites for this class are located at:
– http://www.gserianne.com/science/GerianneBio101 (Main Web site)• Announcements (VERY IMPORTANT TO LOOK AT FREQUENTLY!)• Syllabus and all lecture/lab schedules• Lecture and Lab slides used in class (ppt and pdf formats)• Supplementary online materials for Lecture and Lab• Lecture and Lab Exam Study Guides• Links to many other sites including PearsonWeb site• Extra credit assignments
– http://courses.ccm.edu (Blackboard Learn; Secondary)• You will need your student ID and password for the Blackboard (BB) site• This BB site will be used ONLY grades and grade-related things
– http://masteringaandp.com (from Pearson Science)• You will need the course ID and have to register if you haven’t been to this site
before• Lots of resources to use for A&P I – take advantage of it!• (Course ID: MAPERIANNE12222)
– Printing slides and other materials (see email I sent)
6
Overview of Today’s Lecture
• Course Web sites and Publisher Web site
• Course Description/Textbook/Lab Book
• Course Objectives and Syllabus Review
• Blueprint for success
• Organization of the Human Body
• Characteristics of Life
• Homeostasis
• Anatomical Terminology
• Chemistry I (Lectures 2, 3, and 4)
7
Textbook/Laboratory Manual
• Course Description– Lecture / discussion format
• Lectures will follow Marieb’s Human Anatomy and Physiology, 10th edition closely
– Figures used for class– Laboratory
• Marieb’s Laboratory Manual, 12th edition
– Reading assignments should be done BEFORE you come to class/lab
8
Major objectives of this course
• In general, you will…– Master the objectives listed in the Study Guides– Develop a further mastery of scientific/biomedical
terminology– Further develop your ability to think logically and
critically
• Let’s review the syllabus, policies, and handouts…
9
Grading Summary for A&P I
Lecture
(Four lecture exams + Final Exam)
**If Final Exam Score is higher than lowest Lecture Exam Score, lowest
Lecture Exam Score will be replaced by Final Exam Score
Lecture Exam 1 15.00% Lecture Exam 2 15.00%Lecture Exam 3 15.00%Lecture Exam 4 15.00%Final Exam 15.00%TOTAL 75.00%
Lab(Three lab exams)
**Please consult with your laboratory instructor as his/her requirements &
grading scheme may differ
Lab Exam 1 8.33% Lab Exam 2 8.33%Lab Exam 3 8.33%TOTAL 25.00%
Letter Grade
Numerical Average
GPAQuality Points
A 93.0 – 100.0 4.00 A- 90.0 – 92.9 3.67
B+ 87.0 – 89.9 3.33B 83.0 – 86.9 3.00
B- 80.0 – 82.9 2.67
C+ 77.0 – 79.9 2.33C 70.0 – 76.9 2.00
D 60.0 – 69.9 1.00F < 59.9 0.00
10
Blueprint for Success• Most importantly…
– Skim your textbook BEFORE lecture and make notes– Take notes in your own words and become mentally involved
during lecture; review/rewrite your notes after lecture– Ask questions if you don’t understand– Continually review previously learned material– Use all the study aids available to you– ***Before taking the exam, you should be able to take a
BLANK study guide and answer all the questions WITHOUT YOUR NOTES!!!!
• **See the Suggested Study Method on Web gserianne.com Web site – Please review this!!!
• **Be sure to print slides/materials if you want them for class/lab – make a schedule for yourself
12
Physiology – study of function - Specialized, e.g., neuro-, cellular-, patho- - Comparative physiology
Anatomy – study of structure - Gross anatomy – macroscopic (types?) - Cytology (microanatomy) – cells - Histology (microanatomy) – tissues
Structure is always related to function; if structure changes, function changes
Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
What’s this red stuff all about, anyway?
13
How Structure Determines Function
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010
14
Levels of Organization
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010
15
Important Definitions of Organizational Terms
• Cell – The basic unit of biological structure and function (what is a ‘basic unit’ of something?)
• Tissues – A group of cells working together to perform one or more specific functions
• Organs – Two or more tissues working in combination to perform several functions
• Organ System – Interaction of organs functioning closely together
*
18
Water- most abundant substance in body (60-80% of BW)- required for metabolic processes- required for transport- regulates body temperature
Food- supplies energy- supplies raw materials to build/replace body components
Requirements of Organisms
19
Oxygen- one-fifth of air- used to release energy from nutrients
Heat- form of energy- partly controls rate of metabolic reactions
Pressure - atmospheric pressure – important for breathing - hydrostatic pressure – keeps blood flowing
Requirements of Organisms (cont’d)
20
General Function of Organ Systems
A&P I A&P II
Figure from: Martini & Ober, Visual Anatomy and Physiology, Pearson, 2011
Know BOTH of these tables for exam
21
Organ Systems – Integument and Skeletal
Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001
Be able to identify the organ systems of the human body and their major components; describe the major functions of each organ system (See Figure 1.3 in Marieb)
22
Organ Systems – Muscular and Nervous
Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001
Rapidly-acting, short-term control
(Skeletal muscle shown)
23
Organ Systems – Endocrine and Cardiovascular
Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001
Slower-acting, longer-term control (compared to nervous system)
24
Organ Systems – Lymphatic and Respiratory
Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001
25
Organ Systems – Digestive and Urinary
Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001
26
Organ Systems – Reproductive
Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001
27
Body’s maintenance of a stable internal environment**Absence of homeostasis = DISEASE
Homeostatic Mechanisms – monitor aspects of the internal environment and corrects any changes.
• Receptors - provide information about environment• Control center - tells what a particular value should be• Effectors - causes responses to change internal environment
Homeostasis
A CRITICAL (and very testable) concept in physiology
28
Homeostatic Mechanisms
Notice that this occurs in a ONE-WAY circuit.
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010
Slide moved ahead…
29
Homeostasis
The 70 trillion cells in our bodies surround themselves with their own environment. This is the environment that must remain stable despite changes outside.
Major goal of homeostasis is to keep this consistent (Interstitial fluid)
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010
31
Homeostasis
Negative feedback – deviation from set point progressively lessens
Positive feedback – deviation from set point gets progressively greater
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010
32
Homeostasis
• Remember that homeostasis does NOT mean constant!– Continual variations occur in body systems– Gives rise to ‘normal ranges’ (See Appendix B)
• Examples of negative feedback (most things)– Temperature regulation, blood pressure, blood
glucose levels
• Examples of positive feedback– Blood clotting, milk ejection, uterine contraction
33
Homeostatic Mechanisms (cont’d)
Notice that this occurs in a ONE-WAY circuit.
Know the normal temperature of the body
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010
34
Thoracic Membranes•Visceral pleura•Parietal pleura•Visceral pericardium•Parietal pericardium
Visceral layer – covers an organParietal layer – lines a cavity or body wall
Abdominopelvic Membranes•Visceral peritoneum•Parietal peritoneum
Serous Membranes
Serous fluid –watery, protein-containing, slippery fluid typically separating serous membranes
Thin layer of tissue lining a body cavity that secretes serous fluid
35
Serous Membranes & Organs of the Thorax
Be able to label ALL parts of this diagram; (What system is each organ a part of?)
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010
36
Serous Membranes & Organs of the Abdomen
Be able to label ALL parts of this diagram; Know what system is each organ a part of
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010
37
Review
• Anatomy = structure; physiology = function
• Structure determines function
• The human body (multicellular organisms) can be organized in increasing levels of complexity– Atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system
• The eleven organ systems of the body function to maintain homeostasis
38
Review
• Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable (NOT CONSTANT!) internal environment– Requires: receptor(s), control center, and effector(s)
– Typically uses a negative feedback mechanism
• Body cavities are lined by serous membranes– Visceral (nearest to organ)
– Parietal (nearest to body wall; furthest from organ)
• Cross (transverse) sections through the thorax or abdomen can provide lots of information about the relative position of organs within the body cavities.
*