1 week #9 file services dfs overview configuring dfs namespaces configuring dfs replication windows...
TRANSCRIPT
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Week #9 File Services
• DFS Overview
• Configuring DFS Namespaces
• Configuring DFS Replication
• Windows Server 2008 Storage Management Overview
• Managing Storage Using File Server Resource Manager
• Configuring Quota Management
• Implementing File Screening
• Managing Storage Reports
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What Is the Distributed File System?
DFS technologies include:
• DFS Namespaces - provide a virtual view of shared folders located on different servers
• DFS Replication - provides high-availability and fault-tolerance to files and folders
• Remote Differential Compression - provides a compression technology that is optimized for data transfers over limited-bandwidth networks
The Distributed File System incorporates technologies that provide fault-tolerant access to geographically dispersed filesThe Distributed File System incorporates technologies that provide fault-tolerant access to geographically dispersed files
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How DFS Namespaces and DFS Replication Work
User types: \\contoso.com\marketing Client computers contact a namespace server and receive a referralUser types: \\contoso.com\marketing Client computers contact a namespace server and receive a referral11
Client computers cache the referral and then contact the first server in the referralClient computers cache the referral and then contact the first server in the referral22
Server in LondonServer in London
User in New YorkUser in New York
DFS Replication
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11
22
22NamespaceNamespace
\\Contoso.com\Marketing
\\LON-SRV-01\ProjectDocs
\\NYC-SRV-01\ProjectDocs
User in LondonUser in London
Server in New YorkServer in New York
FolderTargets
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DFS Scenarios
Data distribution
ExampleScenario
Data collection
Sharing files across branch offices
Data distribution
ExampleScenario
Data collection
Sharing files across branch offices
Hub siteHub site Branch officeBranch office
Hub siteHub site Site 1Site 1
Hub siteHub site Branch officeBranch office
Site 2Site 2
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Types of DFS Namespaces
Characteristic Domain-based Stand-alone
Path \\Domainname\Namespace
\\Servername\Namespace
Location Active Directory and memory cache
Server registry and memory cache
Size
• Up to 5,000 folders with targets in Windows°2000 Server mode
• Up to 50,000 folders with targets in Windows°Server 2008 mode
Up to 50,000 folders with targets
Availability Namespace hosted on multiple servers Server cluster
DFS Replication Supported Supported
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What Are Folders and Folder Targets?
Folders:
• Are the primary elements of a namespace
• Have at least one folder target
Folder targets include:
• Shared folders (\\server\share)
• Folders in a shared folder (\\server\share\folder)
• A path to another namespace (\\domainname\rootname)
NamespaceNamespaceNamespaceServer
Folder TargetsFolder Targets
NamespaceRoot
Folder
Folders withTargets
\\LDN-SRV-01\ToolsLondon
\\NYC-SRV-01\ToolsNew York
\\NYC-SRV-02\TrainingNew York
\\Contoso\Public
Software
Tools
Training Guides
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Namespace Server Requirements
A namespace server is:
• A domain controller or member server
• Windows Server™2003 or Windows Server°2008
Namespace server considerations:
• Must contain an NTFS volume to host the namespace
• Must be in the same domain if the namespace is domain-based
• Cannot be a clustered resource if the namespace is domain-based
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Deploying Namespaces for Publishing Content
To configure a namespace for publishing content:
Optional tasks:
Create a namespace 11
Add folder targets 33
Create a folder in the namespace 22
Set target priority to override referral ordering 55
Set the ordering method for targets in referrals 44
Enable client failback 66
Replicate folder targets using DFS-R 77
You may also need to delegate the ability to create and manage namespaces
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Security Requirements for Creating and Managing a Namespace
Task Group
Create a domain-based namespace Domain Admins
Add a namespace server to a domain-based namespace
Domain Admins
Manage a domain-based namespace
Local Administrators on each namespace server
Create a stand-alone namespace
Local Administrators group on the namespace server
Manage a stand-alone namespace
Local Administrators group on the namespace server
Implement DFS replication Domain Admins
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Increasing Availability of a Namespace
Domain-based namespace:
• Specify additional namespace servers
Stand-alone namespace:
• Create a stand-alone namespace as a cluster resource
Folders:
• Specify additional folder targets
• Replicate folders using DFS Replication
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What Is DFS Replication?
• Uses remote differential compression to efficiently update files over a limited-bandwidth network
• Detects changes on the volume by monitoring the USN journal
• Uses a staging folder to stage a file before sending and receiving it
• Uses a version vector exchange protocol to determine what files need to be synchronized
• Uses a conflict resolution heuristic of “last writer wins” for files that are in conflict and “earliest creator wins” for name conflicts
• Is self-healing and can automatically recover from failure
DFS-R is a multimaster replication engine that supports replication scheduling and bandwidth throttlingDFS-R is a multimaster replication engine that supports replication scheduling and bandwidth throttling
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What Are Replication Groups and Replicated Folders?
Member
Projects
Proposals
Projects
Proposals
ReplicatedFolders
Projects\Spec.doc
Proposals\Budget.xls
Connection
Replication GroupReplication Group
• Replication Group
• A set of servers, known as members, that participate in replicating one or more replicated folders
• Can be configured for multipurpose or data collection purposes
• Replicated Folder
• A folder that is kept synchronized on each member
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DFS Replication Requirements
DFS-R Requirements include:
• The Active Directory schema must include the DFS replication objects
• Servers must be Windows Server°2003 R2 or Windows Server °2008, and must have the DFS replication service installed
• Servers in a replication group must be in the same forest
• Replicated folders must be stored on NTFS volumes
• On server clusters, replicated folders must be located in the node’s local storage
• Antivirus software must be compatible with DFS Replication
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Scalability Considerations for DFS Replication
Scalability considerations include:
• Each server can be a member of up to 256 replication groups
• Each replication group can contain up to 256 replicated folders
• Each server can have up to 256 connections
• The number of replication groups multiplied by the number of replicated folders multiplied by the number of simultaneously active connections must be kept to 1024 or fewer
• A replication group can contain up to 256 members
• A volume can contain up to 8 million replicated files, and a server can contain up to 1 terabyte of replicated files
• The maximum tested file size is 64 gigabytes
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Process for Deploying a Multipurpose Replication Group
Select the type of replication group to create11
Add the replication group members33
Specify the name and domain 22
Specify the replication group schedule and bandwidth55
Specify a topology44
Specify the primary member66
Specify the folders to replicate and the local path on member servers
77
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Understanding the Initial Replication Process
Replication of DFS Replication settings11
Files are moved to DfsrPrivate\PreExisting33
The primary member starts replication 22
Primary member designation is removed55
Files are compared and replicated44
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Generating Diagnostic Reports and Propagation Tests
Use the Diagnostic Report Wizard to:
• Create a health report
• Start a propagation test
• Create a propagation report
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Capacity and Storage Management Challenges Capacity management challenges include:
• Determining existing storage capacity and usage trendsacross the organization
• Determining whether usage effectively supportsorganizational goals
• Defining and implementing storage policies
• Adjusting the policies as capacity needs grow, and asorganizational needs change
Storage management challenges include:• Rapid growth in storage requirements from 60 to 100% /yr
• Mission-critical data must be available continuously
• Organizations must comply with the latest regulatory requirements
• The number of storage-intensive applications on the market has increased
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Addressing Capacity and Storage Management Challenges
Consider the following to help address capacity and storage management challenges:
• Analyze how storage is being used
• Define storage resource management policies
• Implement policies to attempt to slow storage growth
• Acquire tools to implement policies
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What Is File Server Resource Manager?
Monitors usage patterns and utilization levelsMonitors usage patterns and utilization levelsCapacity Management
Restricts unauthorized files (file screening)Restricts unauthorized files (file screening)Policy Management
Controls the amount of space used for a volume, folder, or share
Quota Management
Provides extensive storage reportsProvides extensive storage reportsReports
File Server Resource Manager is a File Services role that integrates: File Server Resource Manager is a File Services role that integrates:
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FSRM Functions
Using FSRM, you can perform the following tasks:
• Create quotas to limit the space allowed for a volumeor folder
• Have quotas automatically generated
• Create file screens
• Monitor attempts to save unauthorized files
• Define quota and file screening templates
• Generate scheduled or on-demand storage reports
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FSRM Console Components
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FSRM Configuration Options
FSRM configuration options include:
• Configuring e-mail notifications
• Configuring the default parameters for storage reports
• Changing report repository locations
• Configuring file screen audit
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What Is Quota Management?
Notification thresholds can be configured to:
• Send e-mail notifications
• Log an event
• Run a command or script
• Generate storage reports
Limiting storage space via a hard or soft quota and generating notifications when the limits are approachedor exceeded
Limiting storage space via a hard or soft quota and generating notifications when the limits are approachedor exceeded
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FSRM Quotas vs. NTFS Disk Quotas
Quota Features NTFS Disk Quotas FSRM Quotas
Quota Tracking Per user/per volume By folder or by volume
Disk Usage Calculation Logical file size Actual disk space
Notification Mechanisms Event logs only
E-mail, custom reports, command execution, event logs
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What Are Quota Templates?
A quota template defines:
• A space limit
• The type of quota (hard or soft quota)
• A set of notifications to be generated when the quota limit is approached
A number of default Quota Templates are provided in the Quota Management node of FSRM
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Creating and Modifying a Quota
When creating a quota, options include:
Modify a quota by:
• Updating quotas by editing a quota template
• Editing an auto quota
• Updating individual quotas listed in the details pane
• Create quota on path
• Auto apply template and create quotas on existing and new subfolders
Dirquota {Quota | Autoquota | Template | Admin}
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Monitoring Quota Usage
You can monitor quota usage by:
• Viewing quota information
• Generating a Quota Usage report
• Creating soft quotas
Quotas typically have an I/O performance overhead of 10 percent or less
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What Is File Screening?
The File Screening Management node allows you to:
• Create file screens
• Define file screen templates
• Create file screen exceptions
• Create file groups
Provides a flexible method to control the types of files that are saved on company serversProvides a flexible method to control the types of files that are saved on company servers
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What Are File Groups?
A file group consists of a set of file name patterns, which are grouped into:
• Files to include
• Files to exclude
Used to define a namespace for a file screen, file screen exception, or storage reportUsed to define a namespace for a file screen, file screen exception, or storage report
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What Is a File Screen Exception?
A file screen exception overrides any file screen that would otherwise apply to a folder and all its subfolders in a designated exception path
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What Is a File Screen Template?
A file screen template defines:
• Which file groups to block
• The type of screening to perform
• A set of notifications to be generated
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What Are Storage Reports?
Types of storage reports include:
• Large Files
• Files by Owner
• Files by File Group
• Duplicate Files
• Least Recently Used Files
• Most Recently Used Files
• Quota Usage
• File Screening Audit
Storage reports provide information about file usage on a file serverStorage reports provide information about file usage on a file server
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What Is a Report Task?
A report task specifies:
You can schedule reports by creating a Report TaskYou can schedule reports by creating a Report Task
• The volumes and folders to report on
• Which reports to generate
• What parameters to use
• How often to generate the reports
• Which file formats to save the reports in
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Generating On-Demand Reports
Use the Generate Reports Now action to open Storage Reports Task Properties and select desired reports
Use the Generate Reports Now action to open Storage Reports Task Properties and select desired reports