1-waterproofing membrane-system tunnel ms march2013

7/23/2019 1-Waterproofing Membrane-system Tunnel MS March2013

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H.J. Stich, CPE waterproofing / March 2013

Waterproofing of tunnels

with Sikaplansheetmembranes


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Sikas experience in tunnel

waterproofing with sheet membranesis more than 45 years old!

1968

2006

1981

1999

1970

1985

2004

1978


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Why waterproofing of tunnels?

cracks concrete humidity

corrosion fire

spalling

chlorine/

sulphate

mineral

sediment

biological

attack

crystallize ice ice


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Tunnel waterproofing =Protection of structures against

percolating water from the outside

Railway tunnels

Road tunnels

Metro tunnels


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Stops water at

external surfaces,

structure is dry,

joint treatment

needed (tubbing)

Waterproof

concrete

Stops water at

external surfaces,structure is dry

(membrane)

Waterproofing with

located outside thestructure

EffectsMeasurements:

How to make a tunnel waterproof?


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Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4

Completely dry Dry to

slightly moist

Moist Moist to wet

No moist parts on the

dry part of the tunnel

surface permitted

Single failing parts

permitted. No dropping

water on the dry part of the

tunnel surface permitted

Partly limited moisty parts

and single dropping parts

on the dry part of the

tunnel surface permitted

Moisty parts and dropping

parts permitted

Clean air rooms

Dry rooms

Energy supply rooms

Metro stations

(presence of people)

Road tunnels highway

Road tunnels in frosty

zones

High speed train tunnels

Parking areas

Regional railways

Metro lines

sewage tunnels

Water infiltration in l/sqm within 24h acc. STUVA

0 0-0.1 0.1-0.5 0.5-1.0

How to define watertightness?


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Percolation waterEvacuation of Mountain Water

Pressure waterMountain Water Displacement

requests permanent

drainage system

no drainage system

requested(except temporary dewatering during

construction works)

Groundwater conditions

Influences of water below ground


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Mining tunnels Cut and cover tunnels

different membrane installation methods



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Watertight all-round seal

pressure waters

no drainage system

required(except temporary dewatering during

construction works)

two step - membrane

installation

Partial waterproofing

percolating waters

drainage systems at

lateral waterproofing

terminations requiredone step - membrane

installation



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Waterproofing systems with geomembrane

Mining tunnels

Partial waterproofing

arch profile

Enclosed waterproofing

arch profile

Partial waterproofingPartial waterproofing

Enclosedwat

erproofing

Enclosed waterproofing

(shafting)

Cut and cover tunnels

Umbrellasystem



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geostatical forces

hydrostatical

pressure

aggressivewater

sintering andclogging in

drainage system

dynamic forces

settlement

upheaving forcesaggressive waters:

- soft water with low calcium content

- thermal springs / sources

- sulphate water

- chloride water and sea water

Ground conditions

Other influences below ground


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The method of excavation defines the method of waterproofing

-the method of excavation depends on thegeological, geomechanical and economic conditions

the method of waterproofing depends on the excavation method

FULL-PROFILE EXCAVATION PARTIAL EXCAVATION

Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM): membrane waterproofing not

required in all cases (tubbings of

waterproof concrete with EPDM-joint

profiles)

Roadheading

membrane waterproofing possible

(NAT-Method)

Conventional excavation (blasting):


(NAT-Method)

Small size Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM)for pilot gallery and excavation to full

profile:


(NAT-Method)

Roadheader:

membrane waterproofing possible(NAT-Method)

Conventional excavation (drill and blast):


(NAT-Method)

Method of sheet membrane

installation system


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FULL-PROFILE EXCAVATION with TBMs

Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM):

Outer lining with Tubbings or Shotcrete

Methods of tunnel excavation


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Excavation with Roadheader



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Conventional Excavation (Drill and Blast)


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Drainage Drainage

Build-up of layersRockShotcreteCushion layerSikaplanWP/WTwaterproofing membraneInner lining

reinforced concrete

Partial waterproofing with

Sikaplansheet membranes (NATM)

(NATM: New Austrian Tunnel Method)


installation system

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Sikaplan

sheet membranes (NATM)

concrete liningrock

Sikaplan WP / WT

sheet membrane

cushion layer

shotcrete

lateral drainage

(NATM: New Austrian Tunnel Method)


installation system

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Partial waterproofing withSikaplansheet membranes (NATM)

rock

shotcrete

cushion / drainage layer

Sikaplan WP / WT sheet membrane

concrete lining

lateral drainage


installation system

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For:

-Pression galleries

-Tunnels below groundwater

-Vertical shaftsBuild-up of layers

Rock

Shotcrete

Cushion layer

SikaplanWP/WT waterproofing

membrane, mechanically fixed

Inner lining

reinforced concrete

Fully enclosed waterproofing with

Sikaplansheet membranes (NATM)


installation system

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concrete lining

rock

compartment with

Sika waterbar

control- / injection pipes

Sikaplan WP / WT

sheet membrane

cushion layer

shotcrete / gap filler

temporary drainage


Sikaplan



installation system

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concrete lining

rock

compartment with

waterbars and membraneSikaplanWT, embossed

SikaplanWP / WT

sheet membrane

cushion layer


temporary drainage


Sikaplan



installation system

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concrete lining

rock

Sikaplan WP / WT

sheet membrane

cushion layer


temporary drainage


Sikaplan



installation system

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concrete lining

rock

compartment with

Sika waterbar

control- / injection pipes

Sikaplan WP / WT

sheet membrane

cushion layer



Sikaplan



installation system

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rock


concrete lining

compartment with

waterbars and membraneSikaplanWT, embossed

SikaplanWP / WT

sheet membrane

control- / injection pipe

geomat spacer

cushion layer


Sikaplan



installation system

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f


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round shaped rectangular shaped

low overburdenhigh overburden


different membrane installation methods


installation system

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M h d f h b


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Tunnels in open excavation

Tunnels in open cut shafting

Tunnels in open cut tanking

Tunnels in shafting / mining



installation system

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M th d f h t b


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Drainage Drainage

Build-up of layers:BackfillingProtection layersCushion layersSikaplanWP/WT membranes

Reinforced concrete

loose laid

Cushion layers


Sikaplansheet membranes (cut-and cover)


installation system

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M th d f h t b


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Drainage

Protection layer Geotextiles

500g/m2

Sikaplan

waterproofing

membrane,

loosely laid

Concrete structureGeotextiles

500g/m2

Backfilling

Sikaplan

waterproofing membrane

protection strip

Sikaplan

waterproofing membrane

protection strip




installation system

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M th d f h t b


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Prov. fixing

Protection-/levelling mortar screedLean concrete

Build-up of layers (walls and roof):BackfillingProtection layers

Reinforced concretemembrane loose laid

Cushion layerSikaplanwaterproofing

Build-up of layers (bottom slab):Reinforced concreteProtection layersCushion layer

membrane loose laidSikaplanwaterproofing

Cushion layer


Sikaplan

sheet membranes (cut-and cover)


installation system

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M th d f h t b


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installation system

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M th d f h t b


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Protection layerGeotextiles500g/m2

Geotextile 500g/m2

Sikaplan

waterproofing membrane,

loosely laid Concrete structure

Protection-,levelling

mortar 5 - 10cm

Lean concrete




installation system

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M th d f h t b


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Sikaplan

sheet membranes for cut- & cover tunnels


installation system

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M th d f h t b


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Drainage Drainage

Build-up of layers:BackfillingProtection layersCushion layersSikaplanwaterproofing

Reinforced concrete

membrane, loosely laidCushion layers

Partial enclosed waterproofing with



installation system

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M th d f h t b


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Drainage

Backfilling

Protection layer Geotextiles

500g/m2

Sikaplan

waterproofing

membrane,

loosely laid

Concrete structureGeotextiles

500g/m2




installation system

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Sikaplan

sheet membranes (cut-and cover)


installation system

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Prayer seam

Build-up of layers:BackfillingProtection layerCushion layerSikaplanwaterproofing

Reinforced concrete

membrane, loosely laidCushion layer

Build-up of layers: bottom slab:Protection levelling mortar screedCushion layer

Sikaplan

waterproofing

Reinforced concrete

membrane, loosely laidProtection layer

Prayer seam




installation system

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Prayer seam

Protection layer

Geotextiles 500g/m2

Sikaplan

waterproofing membrane,

loosely laid

Geotextiles 500g/m2

Concrete structure

Protection layer

Ev. geotextile 500g/m2Sikaplan waterproofing

membranes, loosely laidEv. geotextile 500g/m2

Protection layerLean concrete

Backfilling




installation system

1-waterproofing membrane-system tunnel ms march2013

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