1 timber roof split due to strong hurricane winds
TRANSCRIPT
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In health facilities, a connection In health facilities, a connection between structural elements between structural elements and the roof must be adequateand the roof must be adequate
33
Construction close to the sea Construction close to the sea shore might result in great shore might result in great losseslosses
Construction close to the sea Construction close to the sea shore might result in great shore might result in great losseslosses
44
When there is a lack of symmetry When there is a lack of symmetry among resisting elements, wind will among resisting elements, wind will induce torsional effectsinduce torsional effects
When there is a lack of symmetry When there is a lack of symmetry among resisting elements, wind will among resisting elements, wind will induce torsional effectsinduce torsional effects
55
Hipped roofs with slope from Hipped roofs with slope from 20 to 30 degrees interact better 20 to 30 degrees interact better with the wind forceswith the wind forces
66
Pressure increase due to Pressure increase due to wind on overhanging roofswind on overhanging roofs
Win
d w
ard
Leew
ard
Roof
SECTION
77
Protection effect of Protection effect of hospital buildinghospital building
A favorable location of adjacent buildings can decrease the hurricane effects by reducing the wind loads
88
Unfavorable location of Unfavorable location of buildings adjacent to a hospitalbuildings adjacent to a hospital
A bad location of nearby buildings might induce increase of wind loads
99
Bridge base erosion as a Bridge base erosion as a consequence of river flow consequence of river flow increaseincrease
1111
Pressure sketch for wind Pressure sketch for wind perpendicular to the ridge on a perpendicular to the ridge on a pitched-roof industrial buildingpitched-roof industrial building
11.64
3.88
-226.90
-180.22
-246.68
Net pressure Perpendicular to ridge
Internal pressure (+)
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Pressure sketch for wind Pressure sketch for wind parallel to the ridge on a parallel to the ridge on a pitched-roof industrial building pitched-roof industrial building
11.64
3.88
-306.03
20.94
38.01
44.21
-226.90 -187.34
-203.16
Net pressure Parallel to ridge
Internal pressure (+)
1313
Flat-slab systems without capitals present Flat-slab systems without capitals present little resistance against lateral forces. little resistance against lateral forces. Their use on hospitals should be avoidedTheir use on hospitals should be avoided
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Structural steel frame collapsed Structural steel frame collapsed
due to strong windsdue to strong winds
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Hurricane design philosophy Hurricane design philosophy for hospitalsfor hospitalsHurricane design philosophy Hurricane design philosophy for hospitalsfor hospitals
The hospital structure must be designed and built in such a way that it:
withstands, without any damage, the design hurricane event;
withstands, with minor and easily repaired damage, hurricanes greater than the design event.
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Vulnerability assessment Vulnerability assessment objectivesobjectivesVulnerability assessment Vulnerability assessment objectivesobjectives
Available Available methodologiesmethodologies
Qualitative Qualitative methodsmethods
Quantitative Quantitative methodsmethods
To evaluate the To evaluate the likelihood of a likelihood of a structure suffering structure suffering damage due to the damage due to the effects of a effects of a hurricane, and to hurricane, and to characterize the characterize the possible damagepossible damage
ObjectiveObjective
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Qualitative methodsQualitative methods
Qualitative methods for Qualitative methods for vulnerability assessmentsvulnerability assessmentsQualitative methods for Qualitative methods for vulnerability assessmentsvulnerability assessments
They assess quickly and simply the structural safety conditions of the building, taking into account the following parameters:
• The age of the building• The state of conservation and maintenance• The characteristics of the materials used• The number of stories• The architectural plan
1919
Quantitative methodsQuantitative methods
Quantitative methods for Quantitative methods for vulnerability assessmentsvulnerability assessmentsQuantitative methods for Quantitative methods for vulnerability assessmentsvulnerability assessments
The goal is to determine the levels of resistance The goal is to determine the levels of resistance of the structure by means of an analysis similar to of the structure by means of an analysis similar to that used in new buildings and incorporating that used in new buildings and incorporating nonstructural elementsnonstructural elements..
2020
The goal is to ensure that the health care facility The goal is to ensure that the health care facility will continue to function after a hurricane, by will continue to function after a hurricane, by reinforcing existing components or incorporating reinforcing existing components or incorporating additional structural components to improve the additional structural components to improve the levels of strength and stiffness. levels of strength and stiffness.
The retrofitting measures should not interfere with The retrofitting measures should not interfere with the operation of the hospital during the process.the operation of the hospital during the process.
Structural retrofittingStructural retrofittingStructural retrofittingStructural retrofitting