•• Dlf h110Kinh te'the' gi6i 97

•• Thumlg m1~iqu6e fe' 96

•• Tili chinh - ti(~n t~the' gi6i

•• Trung Quife eai t6tili chinh

•• Cui each chinh pI:nl

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nuy"h Ng•.," Nhf•••: Nom ]')97 - CIILB Ngn liepluc Cht(ll'ng lrinh chuy(:n dC;jC{ICn[.n kinh lci. u .

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Trung QUl'iC

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e NJ,!;II~';;:11 II.hll! Sdn: l,c.ii the' c,:lf\h tranh ClW \'i(,tNi:lIn trClllg qU<l lrtnh hc)i nh~p vao 11('11kinh tt( thl~

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clrSng vai rrA ({\Iye'L c1j:-.h. Hdll ~h: 1117,:, I'. "ld~ the' dt.ia ll'C:ll I}ll)l iTOIl? .1 i"iiJ:ln U'- ,.'1':dtiQc pU(11 hllY (j /I~"t'fC G9 Cll(I t:l: j,.i: t"t : (1'_:.:(r-E~ndie nh:':a til" 1-.h3r. .~ed;~E "~ll;:r.h [i:" '.'nco Sl.! tac dVJlg q'l;; IZli Ian IIL'HI f~;,ia •...:;'~cnh5u to'. Vfi chI khi do ir,1i tht; c(lub rrdil~_etla Ill(lt C}ud'(' gi;] m6i (iL(I}C ~:il-;'V'-(llg. \- ic~Illut IQi t.he c:.lnh tl~allh d\l:l tre'l Ill:-,I Lrl':l~

niliing nhiin tt; \'1l":::.k~ I rp.ll ("t"q~ (!t~ d;lnelc'n vj~c m:H ](fi the dt.w In:.n ':httl.if: Il!.:u~teJ'khac \'h sal! <.161<)C1'IB c,lc (IlJi)~:.. l~i;"L

Trell tln,ic t{, tn(c(c n;ill1 l~I~H),,: d:',I1',gifl "il xep ll:.lng kllii I!all!~ c;.Jllh lr;Ull' C",;'

erIc qU[l'C gin trclt the girJi "LJiplI {iiin kinh t.~tile' giai" (\\'orld Ecollomic ForulIl, viG'r t.5~JIi WEF) ket h<!p v[ii "Vi(,n ph"t. r)'i~!1 qa:1"1.1' qurlC Ie" (f ntcrnat.ional I!JSiitlll r fo~'TVlanagemcnt De\'dupm8ut, vje't ttl£. \;1

lMD) ctil slt d"ng lllO binh ttlv6n tilth ""11hnn to bao gllm 381 chi' [:6'. Killing C~li'S0nay dl(QC phflll lam iJ nhiim H!LOn ti,: Tic;;!1h,te killh tC{ Bqi dja, C}llC;C16 hoa n~ll ki,lh to?".chillh phil, t,ii cilin II till dung, Cli "6 110tflllg. khoa hQc - cong llgh~, E~~llr)J.lHh:mhie ...

Tuy nIlien, ll"t duu nhl(ll(~ 1I'":"1Il': ~0:)G"DiEm dim killh t6' tbe git"ij" v;\ "Vi~'nr!)r,~tri6n (]lUlU ].9 QlIO'C te" cUi qu.y6'l diu11 d.itEhgin n:1ng hie c,-.mlJ tl'llllh ClUJ die qlt[;~;~l~

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lO~ TtiE CA;'J~~T1ANH CUj~.•

lAM TROI\!G QUA TRli\JH

r 111I.Y):l Iif~' l,h:~.t t .:Sn l~inh t~'Lhcn. 11l((Ju~~I,hi t Il(d~j~ 'nH~fct(~l trllUg'I ,,-,I dH1u kif:n tat~n cf: 11 h6a lien kin h

te thf' g-i6'! '(~anr~ 11\{~i 1'a tn[(i(; Vi~t !\',ilil

uhi6H l'(; b;i et:: 111,li llii,)p V;\o nEb krllh 1f(to:'lll ctdl. Tl:..,. llhibl, dS c6 th~ 115.111 b~trlt{r:U:Ill1i1n.f~ crj h{~i n\.~,Vi\~t Nam p!Hli (;0 IQithe; crwl, lr~llh. ni,i vic, nay sc triIlh !lilyllhling lc}i tl18 qm Ii trilJlh IliOn hanh ellaVi(.t NaIll dl.fa treu viOc phftu tich c[le dicl!kiQII siin XWli. von eeL lao {lOng, tai nguyenthit~n nhien, vj trf liia IS' ... , qua d6 nen lennhung ll'.lll che "ua nhfing !'ji the nay "Snl!t.h{ji litla 1"a 1ll!]t. vai l~lp IUc}!1e{'Ing c6' til emchI) co s(11S1 lw}n ct.a chien lltlJc phiil t:'i~!lI!gl1{~Jl nh5.1l hi': vi:. khoa h~lC - COIlL IlgiJ~~

chnl( ril!',!C Ilnie Ihi « Vi~t Nanl.

1. NJHJNG NIlAN TO QUYET DlNHLOT THE CANH THANH eVA lIi{n'Q[JOC GTA . .

Th~o 1y thUYEft "Lqi thi/ qUi-h tranJl CCJ.aCclC fj1l6r.; gin" C'~Ia 1\-'1. Porter (TheCompetitive Advanlages of Nations), IQithe Cf.lnlt lranl1 dJil mgt quo'c gin d,IQcCluy[;1 dillh hCii s\f t.!ic ri(mg qua l(li giila 6nhiin 16 cd han: 1) Cuc dieu ki~n siin xualvon ell (lao c!c)Uf;,tf.ti nguy6n thiell nhip.l1. vitri dia 15'... ); 2) eric riien ki~n clla thitl't1dllg llcyi din (so' IHc.'ng diu, sV ctoi hoi ctw1lg"li,Ji liell ,lillll( ...); 3) e"c llgimh cC'ngllghi~p h6 In! va liell (Mi; -1) Chien lti,lc. ceic{lu cl~ln cae cOhg ty V.1,SJ.I qluh tran 11 trong

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Dc') voi 1:,'Hj, ptl1(dllg" phap tfnlJ. toan eflb,i" nlnt Qliyc giii nguyen, chi Itiyc b6 bilt.cV.cchi sf) xuoP.~ Gcm 224 voi so ltlqng caequiJe gin v0.lfinh th6 (!liQexem xet In 46. Vephfin minh, WEF eung giam but so ItirjngchI so xutJng con] 55 vdi so- hlQug cae quaegia va liinh thG (hirje xem xet Iii 49. Ngonira, kh"C vCii IMD, WEF lo<).ib6 mOt vainhan to' llhlt slj tallf~ tnidng cua GDP, ci\ax"ift klu1u va euft Q,ing FDI vno trong miuev: eho rilll?' do Ii, ketoqua chli khOng phai Innha" to qu)'et diuh kha nung qnh tranbct'" mi)t quae gia. Them vno do, WEF chorimf clie Hhiin to quyet njnh kha nung"?ni, lranh qui\c gin co nhung t1 trqllg khiicnhau trong t5nf: so cae chi so dlIng M tinhtoful. Vi Ol.':Cile nhan to nhH Quae te hanl'.~n bah te, chinh phu, tai chinh, lao ,lQnechiem 2iJ trong t5ug so cae chi 56; COil:q"all l~', cd 5,1 Itl). tang, khoa hqc-eongneM ... ehl chiem 1/3 con lqi.

Do do, thea Mmh gia ella IMD, num1996 Ii! nam thli 3 My tiel' tt.IC(tling (Ifiuthe gioi ve nimg hie e:).nh tranh. NgliQClqiWEf chi dijt My vao vi trf th,i -1 sau8illgapo (thit 1), H5ng Kong (th,1 2) va TayTal' Lan (thli 3). MOt di~m khac ntia lit vi(,i ella Nh(tt Ball (tl1li 13 theo nanh giit cuaWEI<' vi, thli 4 theo danh gia eua IMD);DlIe (th,1 22 theo WEF va thli 10 theo IMD)va Anh (so voi cae quoe gia khac trong lieuminh Chilu Au, nang IHe qnh tranh ellaAnh dliQedanh gia eao hon thea WEF),

Tuy nhien, ea WEF vit IMD d6u nhat trivoi nhau vi! nhieu eti~ll1.Th,i nhat, vi trietla cae quoe gia trong lien minh Chau Authua xa My va Nil;;t Ban vi thue cao va thitniiJng lao dOng khOng linh ho<).l.Thli Iw.i.Italia qu6e gia co nung It;iee<).nhtranh thH]lIlhat trong so cae ntioc eong Ilgh;~p chllchot (G7) (thtl 41 thea WEI' va 28 theaIMD), 'l'h,1 h:;, Nga gif( vi tri cuoi bang theacii hni cbch danh giii,

Til)' co slj khAe nhau ve ket qua ello;cimg do eli st;i kltile bi~t trong plnlong phapt1{mh gia nang llie eqnh tranh quae g'"

f:-:"ii12. \VEF va II\1D Ulll(ll[! \'.:; I'd l,:~u.(t:l L\nuuDg khac IIhull ve hiC};q; .. :')lll: rn.~(;;l~:h{,ip Cl1[i Dl'ic cbimg hyn, tr.)jl[::' rlftnh girl nl::'\VEF. Hang h.Ie c<;1.nh tranh C-;J;~ qa<j'c gic1nily thap h,in so voi rl{mh r,iit cl,a IMD vieac nhan to nhli t.h; tnidng lao dimg, pht'l'~Irji xii hi)i chiem ty t.r9nrr ]{;n hou trollg't6ng s6' die chi s6danh gi:l ctlC1 \\ SF so v{jjTMD.

Xet vc chat, cil hai 1110 hinh bllh tAIWfngclla WEF va IMD cOnI; nlIli 1ll(1hill~l1:9' thuyet el,a M. Parler rIC" rh, ra nhtiagnhan to qnyet dinh lrji thi' qlllh trunh qao'rgia git:lng uhR.u Hini llguon lIh:Ul l~ic, kLn(lIH)c-c6ng I1gh~. chin1l ph l'i. Uti JJ.guyhnthien llhiEm, tai cbinh ... Do v.\\', nC\l allli1110 hillh l~' thn)'et Clla M. [""'I er clIOph,~pxeln xct lqi the GI.mhtranh d,/a trell lungnhan to (dae biet. la trang di,:n ki0n Vi,'[Nnm) thi kct qui'>nllft ra ll:tnLIllllg lub h:nliconlai se giilp ich eho vi$e so ,iml, viI ,hnl,gin cae l'1i the do gilia cae qut;c giu.

II. Lor THE CANH 'rr:ANH HIl~NHANH 'CVA VIET NAM vA TiNHNGAN H~N CVA N()

Tny kllong c6 Ill?t. troa~ ,tanh siIf:llnhfillg qnoe gia vi, limh the en n{lllg lIfcc~llh tranh rn~llih nhflt the gl6i, Vi\'{ ~\alilkhlong phai I" khOllg co l'j; tli,~'qnh nankTrl1 nguyen thieIl nhi€m tin d;:lll~~\ h }llt'J!l2;

plni, v~ t1'1 dia l~' thu(ln lqi truug ginn IlfH

quf.le te, nUllan lao Q9ng d: vh dol d?w ..cbinh la Ilhling lqi thc hien daag co a Vi~tNall1.

Theo quan di~rn Iy Ini;\n clla M. Porterthi niiy In lrji the dl.la tren cae dieu ki~n sanxnat v6a co - mOt trong 6 nhiin 10 qnyetdillh lrji the c:).nhtmllll elra m(it qnii" Ria.

TIl1..lC vi;t.y, theu (HIUh gia cl~la cae C'hHyengia kiuh teO Vi~t NflDl Cln11.! nhli JllidC .lgoni,V\I)~ Nr:'lU In qu6'c gia co ngu6n Uli ngllyrnl;.idng (:.-n da d~ing V;J, phon~ plitt. N&m d,,;neg i:hf h')ll 'lhi~1 "oi thw),! Irji dw \'i('cJltJ::";- t !~j:~'J1D,:ill~ ngLi~p vfi cfly COlle llghiQp,\:;~'L-Narn ('i'lll la qu6<.: gia co l'ling cia :-;inl1V$L (.'J bi&n v6i ngu6n thi'lY f"in tla d9ng V:l

CrJ nh1t~U IU(ii kho{lng s~lnkhnc llhau tli drillk~i dHl rHYn (r~'(hiGm. t.hnUllflil. .. Vi~t N,.i1l1

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}'.!_' ,ai (FIJI) vilfl Vi~t r-.."arn, Vi(~t Narn c1p.l:,'UE xuar. l:hftH dlc hang han co hUIll hi(}JJgl'~~uyf:i.llieu vi'. stic lao et(Jllg tao «(hin rlli:>,b',~0. l..:hO;lIIL~ ~i'U1..,): FDl v;lo Vi~t NaIll Chllye'u ph6' hig'll 0 CEIC nghnh SCi d\lng nhiellI'l'''ycn li~" (di" klti. kiwi khonllg ... ),nhigu sftc lao dQl' (,llug nini cOIlg l1gh~"h6 bi(~"]l "i1 dr, dH(,,: chll:in nn.ic hoa (dQt,li~p r:q, di0n III diul d;lIlg. () 16, xe m{iY .. ,).

Tu.\' nhiGn, n(u set ch.Ing Ihw).t ngfi ellaJ'..1,Porjer thi IQi tluY dang C(', cl~la Vi0t N:1IIl

h~If): the "ctl'P thflp", ]()i the "tre'li cllO", Ifjin:c' c6 c!trrjr mil kllClllR c{in phiii co llhfiJl;.~(J~~li tilldn \.j vr\n V3 trj th(fc. (LQi th[)~ "etl!Jtheir)"~ r~i1y cC'J:\ cii(rjC £'/11 1<1 Ivi the ::;0 sanltt;nb). NI:l~nw lr)j the nily' tilliiing kh6ng\"~n;( dl'~{' viI chi nW!lg Huh llg5~1 IU,In v;."l

tru:'-: h~}n (kho.:ng l~l' ~, - 7 nflln) ne"lI Cil:'d~6\1 1-:i~:Ci;:~11lXU:1~ "[]II ('(I khong rhiQc lientl,U: I, 1 t.;.JOv:'j pha;: lriAn len Il1Qt Illl'te tt9('QO iHJI:.

inlHi' nhrit. co nhling giui Il~innb{lt djllhVIC; sO' htfjng- V:1 cllil't lli(}ug ctm Uli nguyent hiGll nhien vii n~l\611 nbtul h,le hi~n uangell (?j Vil~~tNanl.

Ttly piJOllt: i,lIll V<.l d<l d~llg. t.ai nguyell('l~ln Vi'!t. ~Z~m t 1011 tr[~ll (1<111ngtidl khon[~r!1!'.JC xC:p v,~o IO(1i gifm. Th(ll. v;).y, d:'lt ('aullhr' ell:1 Viet l\am chi chiem co 21%lflllh(':fl. Cit, J; nilY linil theo Iliill ngltdi Ii, 0,1111:1, chi b~Ilg :J3% nltte binh QWlll clla the~ic\i, Dnng bH5n hOn (':1 Ii, clii'i v{ji van rICn''''lg, tHY ehi0'1ll 2/3 di0n t ieh dilt tt,i uhienel,a cii mlDe (1003), ti';c d(\ !lUlt ri(ng cilaVT~t. Nanl cao nhat so voi cae lltidc trongkh" vlle: 2,8% trong khi cl6 i'J Thni Lun lit1,6%, Trllng Qllae 0,8%; Malaixia: 1,2%;Him quae: 0,1% v,i Inclonexia 0,4%.

\16 khoang son, theo clnnh giil, ch, sa truhCyng kim )o"i ei", Vit;t Naill chi lil 0,01,tl'on(( khi CUll Th'li 1.:111 if, 0,17: Philipiu:(.'.8: Inr.1011esin: 1.&4 va 'l'nlIq:.: quo'c : f)~~;~.

Lao d9Ilg el~w Vi~r Nnlll luy re nhtinr;chi"t, biring khimg cao. Dieu n'tY co t h<' t ha)''.!lit!~~thong qun chi' sf; phni" trif~U ngu6E11:"'" hIe !JDI (HUlllOll Development

199,So 1 (4~)

C:-lflf-~ Ii' I'l(it- ~TQ11,: flh3Jl;': 'll!,~:' i..~j!.lOl (':') n[~-"'~'II H1;~iC (I) ~~;.:".r~'j" ).,' _,

In(ri\~0:', !Ji;~ltr;i't lUll \";, [}L:.~! iJI't:-" ' ':'v(;n!:~. Nu\ir...: ngar11 C{'lil Vi~, i\r~n:.~\,) ktJ:"J,jJdn. ~l}lling clIng c6 tiJ 11?1I U:'i;:.~'(!1~"\: nt.l."nill 11lWC COllI?: n~h;(:pvi, IU:,'i •.' l~0!,(~ll:l,.:Cl-I:'f clan clL Nht( v:;y W11: ~() \'(); 1'-!J(.;: nan}'.-A nll1i" Dhi l,O<.Ul, H611g' I-:n:l,r, E-~;li~~;qJu vhIlhn QW:lC (In ho'Jl troug s:,' C'lIll 11:~ 'n'!, in,.xu{t kldill vii nll:)p khi;'tJ lCij'l (l'.~1\j,~~!\,!lilll'unr. llhi.rng flam gtin (\:.':,\", \-i~;t J\ t!];1

qu6c gia co s\i lin nai vii 0:0;1 h~'~ : '.~l:l'!~'j:11l)'n r{(t nhii;lI,

v6 "j trf din 1:-', l,'ltll (i Tf.I~'Tllr: bl'!'.1!DtidH[! - l~hll V1,1'C L:Jlh pL:JI L: i"'1l (' . dBc1jah. ndi ctlr>. nv,". cII;1 I~i'-:(J j :ll; (rU" ,~-Vi~t Nam C(J nhj611 idlfl lIil!l.~ d{ pi!;". trj{!unhieu lO(li hinh tilth tc kh;j .. ~~Lf't~1tl,i:: ,:',::'11!llJll'n[~ lCfi (lip ve \'~l'l t.~i iJi_~.~. (lieh n. ';'~l!

t ilrlnl(, dll liel; ..

v;:; thi hVll):A,!t CCifl. !l;,,(}i, \"ii J'1:: 'l",triOn cWn, Vi~l, j .•..,un E~ qlW',; t~';[j {"j (::1" ~-,l:;doug tltCt 1:1 tr~~l:ll~0' gitll. 1~:i:111':1 l"Ultghillh rnb.i. lla:u co kigJang ho';:. J t!'j:~,l.l rh?,.nhnlen btiuc ~•.ttu i1l6i Inl) (V'oJ.. I-\h;h~/, ch:Gong' ve f;O hi~jjW. tao d~J!ir: ci:,'1 Vi~' N:::nhli nit rc vit eta EC; CfJ trinh rtf,) ~~'i~oO\~= Ilh6thDllfJ. Then diel~ tTa Cl~lH l'll~:Y;ty \-Verlll' ~

Iuccnw.t!Oll',ll \'e iit:1I IUd!" .. u.," lJi;;~'I)!1

(~G( [; f)l ,!1I()(: g'j:-:: v,\ Lif1:~ Ill'"' 1"- ;.~!,-,[,,('i

(l~)9(j), l\({jng Inm:: Lillh J l~L'J' {n"I~~ tli~,II:~1d(,t. Vi~t. Nom b n.~>~l U;~Jl, 1)")' \c' !l lie

tlHi'p so vefl cace qll"'C gi,l V:'l l;-lUh tl"r: kh:'lCtrong khn vllc vn tr6n tl]j~;r.th. CII} :;C; 11:"1)-'

chi hang: 1/1.05 rua Ke-Jli<,t: 1/ l:U'7 enDSrilancn; 1/1,1 cl\n ZaIll-!IJ-;l.: }/l.l!~ ('tw.

PakislaH~ 1I1,18 ct!:1 Il1clmi ...~si I; 1!:,.:'--':~ ~:tlH

Trllug 'Iliac; 1/1,1~ ella XU D6; ], e,r,; c, 'IAi C;)p; 1/34 cl"a ylt'lj'; 1/,10 el18 i,ait~ valIG5,7 c~\aNll?t B~ln.

Nhung hJi the" v6 un ngnytn t tlll:l1

nhif:ll, vi trf clia IS', lao (:("l~.~.t};',ic c11:;r l~l1111itng l<:ii tlH~; ve chi IJ11i s:j-, X uaL 1,Jhc'j ('{)nhfillg' ll}i the{ nny rn;', h,:1l1~ ;~b:lva rli('l~ "'t.i

dt(t}c san xuit ra (?j Vi~t l\,JP' CCl Sltc; G.,ll'lt

trilllh va gi(l cil, d(lc bi~t !it nlL(ill.~~ h£ulg iJ6aco hillH h(Cjllg Inn (lr)ng ViI n}',tlYl~ll !i~l: r:w,Hb rilug Itt llhtill~ IQi th[' v{~C:IC d;~'u hi~n

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Jud~;x). Chi so' llt!Y (h!Qc tl.i8t Hip dlJ:l tJ't~1l

die th5ng so \"8 (,0 tuAi tl19 blHh qllflll,t:'~~.!.h(1-~IH)C v.l'n, so nam di bw:, lri thlil: \'f t.h l,nh@.p QlIO'C dan tinh tren ddu ngl(eJi Q\i\;iedi~lI chlnh thea phlidug phnp cfln b511g f;ticJlnw J'I'P (purchasing Power l'e]"ity). Thee)BrlO CaD ,"e ugu6n nhfln ILfe Clln Chticillgt rlull phat tri~ll Lien hi~p qU(Jc (Cflllg bt;IIrlln 19~14), Vi0t Nain Milli': th;! 1!G th"r,chi d; IlDI, thun xa cfl.c qH[J'r; 611l \'~l 1211hth6 trong kInl v\.ic nhu" Illd(jnf.::;<~ (i.U5.):Phili pin (9,J): Trung QuO'c ('14); r,r:1I" )'sia(ij'i): Thl,i Lan (54); SinRap" (I:;;: H;\"q'lf;c (~2J vi, !long KOHli(2'1),

Thl/: hal, san khi th'.~c hi~1l hOi''l~ t':Jf,'li\VI'A (viw nam 200ti lihu [ill I.,(,,' dthallI gia rlicn dim kinh Ie Cha\l 1'. - 'floc,;hillh dt(cing (AI'EC), Viet N"m 1"16c ph:,iC<,lIdt tranh trong dieu ki0n phl qU:lJl thl"~':\'(ii cac qnfic gia thimh vien ,\S[';".'1 niltlThai Lnn, .Malaysia, Singnpo - Nhifn7, CIllr'j'C

Ria ctung thll 30,23 va:! (then Ib(; 1,,1)tn)ligdanh sneh cae qno'c gin c6 ni1n1~ hie U~HIt,ranh llhat. the giO:' (theo rlallh ~ifl elinIMD), d5ng' thCiid6 ellllg la nhtrllf! rI\l()Cgiaco Cd cau t£J.i nguyen kha t1.ion£~c1(mg ~o -,6iVi0c Nan\.

Xet Iren khia qnh Ihtio'ng m,.'.!, Irungeli/hI ki('n tl!dng d5ng 1''' C,'l11 t •.'" 1;1;n~~-tlyen. lui the dt;ln L:ea eflc di~11 ki~~'nS.tlllxuat "cap thap" 56 rat. llba vft nl1\! "ft)' n,;'\1chI dt,la "ao uhllng l<;1ithe nfty tbtiGnl~ l1l:1;eila Vi~t Nam t.rong nqi hq khu vt,rcASEAN se kelll phat t ri6n, Nguyen nhil1lchinh kh6ng chI n~nl trong slj tItling dongve dtu t~l.O tal nguyen Ina con a cho so"hlrlng cflIlg nhtl chat h!rlng clla cae dieuki~n S[111 xuat von co Cl~l<l nhicu quoc ginthanh vi en ASEAN hdn hiln Vi!)t Nam(nhtl dii phan tfeh d tren),

Xet tren khia qnh thu httt FD!, tny Jr,iithe (hja tren cae dieu ki~n Sall X\luL vc-;nell"cap thflp" (tang'"Ul Il1Qt tl'ong uhllng nhanto' chinh tIm Init FOI vito Viet Nall1, nlll,ncnell chI dva vao nhling I<!i the nny, Vl\'tNam kho c6 thl1 thay d6i vii cllllY~lI dichdt'rlC cd call cong ngl.ti~p len Illq' rmie caohun. Ildn the ntra, nhl!ng eli':ll ki0n It,! do

Ci:l f\FTl\. ci;.ng vcJi s\i pIlat tri~1l ctla nltWlljn:.li binh cong Ilr;h$ se h ltl1ng' Si.l cHill t.lf euacae dIng ty Lin ~lu6'cgin V;lO nhitllg quo'c giCl.:6 lQi the v6 cae difhl ki~n snll xl.lflt 'Ical,rnn" (1&0 d(Jug vCr;tdnh d(1 k,' thllM vii tIith((c l\1lOa hqc eno. ('0 !::o h,.l t£il1g kinh r{;hir'n rlai ...) (lui tht', nily cc>n chiric ~oi I;; laith~ ,0 sanh rl(\ng ), Bdj vi him'; e5c'h han'hdl)llg nlHi v~y cae ('f1ug' ty da qllO'r: gin e6lhf: t(ttl C[l.lIlY, Il\iQC rri(>:f. ,16 lC;i th[~' Cl"lH C{ledi,Su ki~ll san XU:t!. v()n ('c) ella tling. qlliic'gj,l uhfll1l U,w 1'a ~;?lIl pht:rn hO~lll chi'nIl t C(elc. li() ph(1n vil lillh ki~1I c6 hUIll ltiQllg 1::10d\~lllg. V6'B. cili n;~lIy6n l,liflc nhnu vn dt((Jc~i"J11 X\I{{1: i"a ;:1 nhi"iug que;,' g-i:l khflC nhautlYllll; tliCll kiryl1 tl..t do Il1~ll dic~l.

TIllt b", giil c,' che Ill(lt l,nng [h!Qe sanxu:Yt ra chil Y{{llch/a trenlQi thlf vg cae dicliki~1l S~lll xuat \'c;[1 co "cri'p th;Yp" (Jl~-llY~ll

llhl tho, :;iin p1tflrn Sii cIte:) I1l6n ('Imltr thaplwn so VOt gifl.c~1 Cl~l?C:1Cm(lt hilllg chf.' bif~llsan (h,la tr'~lI erIc l11i the' \'6 cfl[' di(-l ki~nsun xllilL "dip caa hdn" (lao dOng re, c6ngaghe trllng lJinh, ph6 hien) "il t.hap bria r:lLnllieu so vrji 1';ia ea etta enc nl~t hang dtiQcS;"ltl xlnlt r;] cil,ia lrc11 die diihl ki~n 5,;':.n Slll{t

"cap cao" (von Ion, cong nghf' lien ti"11, 100

(IQng voi trlnh d(l k::>thu;)t vll r.ri tlllie: kho<.;.hvc C:lo... ), l:)i pl:\l t.hnQc n(lllg )l(~ vao I inhhiah f,ia ,,', thi ll'lidng va t,Y gill ho', doiii.Trell tIn.Ie te., hai yen r.Eill:\Y rill: nh~.lY camvCJi nhti'.l1g thny clbi eua cun~_~V:1 C:lll, do It{l

tlnidng XUYCll thny doi trcn Illi l.1'lC(Jug 'lW,'Ctff Thea tiuh loan etla hQi nghi Lien hiQ11

quae ve thlidllg In:).I V~l phht t.ri6-nIl!NCTAD) chi so bien df!Hg ClUl fiiii hangsd che trcn thi I.niCing q1l0'e te Iii khii Wl1:15,2% vao tllCii k}' 1962-1980 viI 13% ,,:'tothCii ky H180-1991.

III. NHUNG BIEN PHAp NHAMTAO D1JNG L<JI THE CANH TItAN!!eVA Vf~T NA.1Vi '

N\;l(ng phfln Ifell Cl,lth~ (; tren cho ]>hep}, 11~Ug {tin1t k{;t lUi)l!:" DCll vui Vi~t NaIll,Vl~~!: X1i<ll. kh6t~ r;i.e nguyen li(hl tho va S,lll

l)hflm ~O ('he' (d6\1 tho, g~.lO,khnf111g san ... ) .kh6nf-~ the 1:1Illl)l nnw tif:u ehien hiQc laudili. Tny nhif:n~ tinh ng:lIl ht).Il v:i trung

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T"i (j~u thorn khao

Th'~:!lJ vho du, d~i()llti~'c !,~!.!l~ l~'i='L?'t'i~D nlliul JVe v::J IdltJ?. hc..,c cDn;;; Ilg'll(~ c.!.,il::li rlu:y.-: thve: hi(!l1 SOllb SOI'lE: Vlli (' ',.~:l'ilien h(c.}c ph5.t tri6n nhu cillt Cl1. tru;~~~ L. 'LilVO,1: ndoe (thong tin vn sil' IS' thong till \',-:l:tJ6i htqng thi trtidng, \'6 (iUll hinh gi6 \":~'.\'~ (l6'j tho c~llh tranh",): Chien Ill"fc IJllf;l!'it'n cfic'ng~lnh h6 trc} va ro lien quan Ill:)

tiJie't vO'i die nghlJh dau,V, c ...:; 1,.1j t'.i c<..n!.i,ll':11Jh; CililY;1 hiqc t(1O d~inp'"m6i t"l((jlJr ,.;,Iii tic diiy cal,.' ctHle ty <PI{J'C ri.:;<.tLt \'~, II

nliflll x;jy ch.ing chi/~'ll hflje C:.I!'~ltr.:~:lt eIJ')

1111llh tren fhj trtidng qll,~I'C le. l\!jl}! hie Ii

j1h{l)) vir chfIlh f..:flch qWll! !i"' k;l1h il~' V! H::,

!1?"8.!l hnn. trullg 11;~11cf1llr: HIl\t d,'ii i.:.',~.. 1,-=di(:u t-16't t)' gin !lSi doni d;"lI J,;J.u hz, v,: :~"(1ft: pJLui luon htou dt((}c d~t ]'~(n 0:':1'" :n:';lq~181i. b~ Jll;)l thitlt vui en(' ehiD'n Ili:)c u"'~!-.e(. nht! Vf\V, Vi~t Nnlll llloi ('0 tht thq.:t 1.'

~;~~idliQC ntnh llg'IH~O 11tul J<,J'_ h~,_~"J;:l;:~~l~'

hi ~'(ji \'nO bfii rae conK llgiJ(~ CII~l t;:(~r:i':<, \_,',l~J(~i ('(\ th6 sanit vai {iti:}I' \'IJj c• .: ('.:(I~j'

qt' ';c lliirn chfill hay ft 1'a 1£1 eii;l 1.:11\1 Vi'!C_

.',f.Porler. 1'11(' ('OIlI/'I'llfil'(' ;\d"(III"iX"'S ,<" ,,'ioll.l', New Ytlrl. J9lJO (Ii':rlg N.::;l).

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fl, KilJh Itt_\{; /,~)i \Ii!;, Naill. TIII.f(' /J"~/.'lg. ,Ill :111;'

l'tI gilii' IJ/uil), Nil:', xufil b;ill IhCllIg kl:, I L'l N(J! ~_I~WJ.

7. Tilll, !Jilllil ((fif IIIJI,ip /-fUJil 1'/; ,IUftlJlg Jlgh;~;i'Vi~;,1,".'i/Ill ICJ9()./'J9.f-, 1I:'! [\;(Ji, 19')-4.

~. A"i"h Ie;' NIC.\' /)()"g d. Killh 1J.l:h;~;1!f(ltii' 1'(/;lIi{-'i Nom, f\tl1i"\ >:U[I'( bciull1(lllg k~.ll;'l Nc)i, ll)lj2.

9. \fi~--:, Naill - COli {hf(>.'lg I,ll/I' /t'i(;jl hi; Illii!l

2000, W N,)i. IZ,IYY5,

10" N!,!lI)'t::n XII,iIl111;lllg, 1I;~;,Nom I'll I {I(' 11'(/1('

el,,; .., {J • Tltai /til/It [Ji(t/l/g: rl;" lI"i/I.' II~; linl .. {(:.hi~;nlid r \'11Ir:,;;, I'(!/Ig, Nhi"t X11;'11h;'lIl kho;l ju.)C >:,11J.:)j,In N(l! Il)l)(l.

II. n;io Del/( /ff, Stl I (IC, 11:l/n IIJI.)().

J 2_ /;;101'1// "Hilllg, st'l ng;\y 22/1 2/19')(J.

IU.ID ella nhi1'Llg 1qj tb~; hi('.n h<l.nl~ C, Vi~~,-N:"Hl1khol1E: dang llghTrJ njj vi('c villi til' h.',cluIng, Ngtiqc 1•.11, nhl-jug ll,ii (hi; I!i1y pLl:dlf<jc sit d1,lng tri~t ctJ va co hi{;lI qu:'i hOll

thong qua vi?c fJp dVng eong' ugh; tiC>fltiell, hi$n d~i (troIlg' llhftnt~ tntilllg InJ1) 1:6th6, nhling liuh vl.fc thell cho'( va UhU'llr.khflll quyet c1jnh ); cong ngh$ pill hdlJ (rio;voi nhung ngiiuh Sl~i chlllg' llhieu lao d911f~trong cliett kien Ilguoll niJftn It.te durn (::.pltng ngay dliQc llhfillg yell call :ciia cCjJlI~llgh~ cao nhling nhat djnh kh6ng Illl:ii F1cong nghO ell, 1;.le h~lI. t!,ly {) llhiclll mE,;tnli!ng),

Brin the nfia, c:IC dicu k i~n sill. xwl't v()'11

co ph;)i luau rlll0C hoan (hi$n, 16i tao Vilphat tri6n, uhi'{£, lit do'i voi St!c lao dQIl~,bien I\ii the' "cap thap" th,inh Idi the "e;Ypcad' thong qua vi~e phiil tri0n ngnAn llhfillIVc (nl"Yt lil giflO d\IC va Ililo t"lO) cung J1 Ill!khoa h9c - cong ngh$ (tli sll dnng, c'li t:)o,Iwi'm thi~ll cho (Won llglJicll clfu va Trit:1JkIwi),

Ngu6n nhan hie vui tTinh el\) ky th",'!t vi!Iri th(lc khon boe can kh"ng nhling hap tllll(hi(JC eong ngh.;' lien tien, Jiun chll (!II'i"kinh donnh nln can c6 kh,\ nang di 1:)0,hahn tl.1i$1l cbug ngh~ eli}C(; \':1 sallg' t<;lo r::cong nghe mai, COUi: ngh.;' tien ticn kct. h,,1pviii eric I(ji thit ve chi nguyen, vi tri din t\',nguon nhfill hie In dieu kiO~l IS' tU'O'ng cliOvi~c: trallh gi?J.nh vh giu "ung l()i the C<;lllhtranh, Hiln Quo'c co ,hl,,1c uy tin quo'c tf;trong nuh VIle X{lY dl,tng c:"]c cong trinh nitudt.tug va dOn gian, hay SinR;11Jo, Hong K611~hl IlhlIng ttuug t.um dicit Vt) ngall hilng,trnng chny6n tIlIwug ltlai vii Van chny6nq:!OC te ldn chfnb Li nhi! vila elf ke't h<;ip hilihoa gifla hal nhan to' Vila k.f tren, Di.fltlkhfIc Ilhau lulrn d ch6, neu nlll( cfIe quac giavil Wnb t.h6' ,16 phot tri.fn ngu6n nhfin Illcv,i khoa h9c - cong n!!h,;. cl6 dny lri vil jJhilttl'i6n l(Ji the CZlnh lrauh cua h9 Ihi nhienlVt.1 et6 do'i vui Vi~t. Naill dnl n:)ng lie \'Ul,h(lc tI,Jp hdn nillel!: Viet Naill phOt lrilinnguuH lILiill It.ie va khaa h<:,c - eong ngh~tntde riell 1ft et4' t::10 d~ing~.~aH do IHoi etdduy tri vil jJ!uit tri.fn lqi lh~' c',Jnh tranh,