1-the origin of winds

8/10/2019 1-The Origin of Winds

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Climate Change. ITESM

Campus Saltillo.

Flavio Orta-Dvila


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Wind is the movement (usuallyhorizontal) of air in the atmosphere

Wind is caused by a difference in thetemperature between different regions ofthe earth.

This temperature between different airlayers occurs mainly because of theheating of the earths surface by the sun.

Thus, the air above these surfaces absorbsdifferent amounts of heat. Making it warmin places and cool in others.

The greaterthe difference, the fasterthe wind moves


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Air Pressure

Differences in air pressure

are caused by the unevenheatingof Earth

Uneven heating producespressure beltswhich

occur every 30 latitude


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What is the Albedo Effect?

Albedoor reflection coefficient, derivedfrom Latinalbedo"whiteness" (orreflected sunlight) in turn from albus"white," is the diffuse reflectivityor

reflecting power of a surface. It is the ratio of reflected radiation from

the surface to incident radiation upon it.

It is expressed in percentage (being closezero a black surface, and a high number awhite perfect reflection (like ice).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse_reflectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse_reflectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin


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Albedo Effect

Albedo depends on the frequencyof theradiation (across the spectrum of visible light)

The albedo is an important concept inclimatology, astronomy, and calculatingreflectivityof surfaces in LEEDsustainable-rating systems for buildings. The averageoverall albedo of Earth, its planetary albedo,

is 30 to 35% because of cloud cover, butwidely varies locally across the surfacebecause of different geological and

environmental features.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visible_lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climatologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflectivityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership_in_Energy_and_Environmental_Designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership_in_Energy_and_Environmental_Designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflectivityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climatologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visible_lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency


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ANEMOMETERThe speed of the wind

is usually measured with this instrument.

h f d


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Characteristics of wind aredirection,speed

The direction of wind is found out by aninstrument called the WIND VAN

The speed of the wind is usually measuredwith an instrument calledANEMOMETER


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ITCZ=Inter-tropicalClimate Zone.


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Pressure Belts

As warm airrises at the

equator and moves towardthe poles, it cools

As it cools, some of the airsinks around 30north

and south of the equator


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Pressure Belts

At the poles, cold air

sinksand movestowards the equator

Around 60north andsouth, the air begins to

heat u and rise


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Global Winds

The combination of pressure

belts and the Coriolis Effectcause global winds

These are polareasterlies, westerlies,

and trade winds


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Polar Easterlies

Wind belts that extend from

the poles to 60latitude

Formed from cold sinking air

moving from the polescreating cold

temperatures


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Westerlies (or Tropical Easterlies)

Wind belts found between

30and 60

latitude

Flow towards the poles

from west to east carryingmoist airover the Unites

States


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Trade Winds

Winds that blow from 30

almost to the equator

Called the trade windsbecause of their use by

early sailorsNOTE: Alisos are known as Tradewinds predominantly high in summer,

and slow in winter.They are associated withHardle Circulation cells.


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Doldrums

Located along the equator

where no winds blowbecause the warm rising

air creates and area oflow pressure


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Horse Latitudes

Occur at about 30north and

south of the equator wherethe winds are very weak

Most deserts on the Earth arelocated here because of thedry air


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Jet Stream

The jet streams are

narrow belts of highspeed windsthat blowin the upper troposphere

and lower stratosphereSeparateswarm air

from cold air


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Sea Breezes

High pressure is created overthe ocean during the day andlow pressure over land due touneven heating

Air moves from the ocean tothe land creating a seabreeze


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Land Breezes

Low pressure occurs over the

ocean during the nightandhigh pressure over land due tothe uneven heating of earth

This causes wind to move fromthe land to the ocean creating

a land breeze


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Question 1

What causes winds?


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Answer

Winds are caused by the

uneven heating ofEarths surface, which

causes pressuredifferences


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Question 2

What are the three types

of global winds?


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Answer

Polar Easterlies

WesterliesTrade Winds


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Question 3

What is the difference

between a land breezeand a sea breeze?


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Answer

Sea breezes occur during

the day when the land iswarmer than water and a

land breeze occurs atnight when the water is

warmer than land


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Here are some links of videosthat may help you understand:

Wind circulation videohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ye45

DGkqUkE Global Winds and Jet streams

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j5x6y

3a1eRs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ye45DGkqUkEhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ye45DGkqUkEhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j5x6y3a1eRshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j5x6y3a1eRshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j5x6y3a1eRshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j5x6y3a1eRshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ye45DGkqUkEhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ye45DGkqUkE

1-the origin of winds

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