11

The Materials areThe Materials are

• Reading ComprehensionReading Comprehension

Continuous Text: Nature: ForestContinuous Text: Nature: Forest

• QuantifiersQuantifiers

• Language FunctionLanguage Function

Expressing Certainty/UncertaintyExpressing Certainty/Uncertainty

Expressing OfferingExpressing Offering

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F O R E S TF O R E S T

A forest is an area that is full A forest is an area that is full of trees. We can find it in the of trees. We can find it in the islands of Indonesia. They spread islands of Indonesia. They spread along the islands of Sumatra, along the islands of Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Irian and other Java, Kalimantan, Irian and other islands in Indonesia. They are islands in Indonesia. They are very important for our lives.very important for our lives.

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Forests give us many kinds Forests give us many kinds of export commodities such as of export commodities such as timber, rattans, as well as timber, rattans, as well as rubber. Forests also protect us rubber. Forests also protect us from danger of floods. In the from danger of floods. In the rainy season the roots of the rainy season the roots of the trees in the forest trees in the forest absorb the absorb the rain water and store it under rain water and store it under the groundthe ground. .

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In the dry season the water will comeIn the dry season the water will come

out and it is very useful for us forout and it is very useful for us for

reservoir and irrigation. If there are noreservoir and irrigation. If there are no

forests, the rain water cannot beforests, the rain water cannot be

stored, there will be erosion of the soilstored, there will be erosion of the soil

and we will suffer from terrible floods .and we will suffer from terrible floods .

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Forests also help us to purify the Forests also help us to purify the airair

of pollution. The trees of the forests of pollution. The trees of the forests needneed

carbon dioxide from the air and send carbon dioxide from the air and send thethe

oxygen out into the air, which make theoxygen out into the air, which make the

air fresh and pure. The fresh and pure air fresh and pure. The fresh and pure airair

is needed for our health.is needed for our health.

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1.1. Which paragraph tells us Which paragraph tells us that forest can be a source that forest can be a source of income for the of income for the government?government?a.a. Paragraph oneParagraph one

b.b. Paragraph two Paragraph two

c.c. Paragraph threeParagraph three

d.d. Paragraph fourParagraph four

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2.2. We must protect our forests We must protect our forests from the destruction from the destruction

becausebecause …. …. a.a. we can find a lot of trees in the forestswe can find a lot of trees in the forests

b.b. they spread along the islands in they spread along the islands in IndonesiaIndonesia

c.c. they are very important for our lives they are very important for our lives

d.d. we can find many kinds of fauna in we can find many kinds of fauna in the forestthe forest

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3.3. The function of the roots of The function of the roots of the trees is ….the trees is ….

a.a. to make the air fresh and pureto make the air fresh and pureb.b. to cause erosions on the groundto cause erosions on the groundc.c. to store water before it is to store water before it is

supplied to peoplesupplied to peopled.d. to absorb and reserve the rain to absorb and reserve the rain

under the ground under the ground

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4.4. ‘‘They spread along the islands They spread along the islands of Sumatra …’ (paragraph 1)of Sumatra …’ (paragraph 1)

What does ‘they’ refer to?What does ‘they’ refer to? “they” refers to“they” refers to …. ….a.a. the treesthe trees

b.b. the foreststhe forests

c.c. the islandsthe islands

d.d. the peoplethe people

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5.5. What do the forests do to What do the forests do to safe the people from the safe the people from the danger of flood?danger of flood?a.a. Give the commodity such as Give the commodity such as

rattan, rubber, and timber.rattan, rubber, and timber.b.b. Absorb and stored the water Absorb and stored the water

under the ground during rainy under the ground during rainy season. season.

c.c. Purify the air of the pollution Purify the air of the pollution around the environment.around the environment.

d.d. Come out during the dry season Come out during the dry season and water the field.and water the field.

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QuantifiersQuantifiers

• DefinitionDefinition

QuantifiersQuantifiers digunakan untuk digunakan untuk menunjukkan jumlah benda. menunjukkan jumlah benda.

Beberapa ungkapan Beberapa ungkapan quantifiersquantifiers hanya digunakan dengan hanya digunakan dengan Count NounCount Noun dan beberapa yang lainnya hanya dan beberapa yang lainnya hanya digunakan dengan digunakan dengan Non-count NounNon-count Noun..

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Note:Note:Membedakan benda Membedakan benda CountableCountabledengandenganUncountableUncountable

A.A. CountableCountable Noun NounI have I have many booksmany books in my library. in my library.My sister has My sister has three best friendsthree best friends..

B.B. UncountableUncountable Noun NounThe teacher gave us The teacher gave us many homeworkmany homework to do.to do.Mom needs Mom needs much sugarmuch sugar to make my to make my birthday cake.birthday cake.

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Singular VS Plural NounSingular VS Plural Noun

CountableCountable NounNoun

SingularSingular PluralPlural

a womana woman

a pena pen

a housea house

womenwomen

many pensmany pens

many housesmany houses

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UncountableUncountable NounNoun

SingularSingular PluralPlural

furniturefurniture

butterbutter

sandsand

furniturefurniture

butterbutter

sandsand

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QuantifiersQuantifiers

both, a few/few, several, both, a few/few, several, many, a number of, a couple many, a number of, a couple ofof

A little/little, much, a great A little/little, much, a great deal ofdeal of

Some, a lot of, lots of, plenty Some, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, most, allof, most, all

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Used with CNUsed with CN

Both studentsBoth students

Many studentsMany students

Several studentsSeveral students

Some studentsSome students

Plenty of studentsPlenty of students

Lots of studentsLots of students

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Table of QuantifiersTable of Quantifiers

Used with NCNUsed with NCN

A little butterA little butter

Much butterMuch butter

Some butterSome butter

Plenty of butterPlenty of butter

Lots of butterLots of butter

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1.1. There is a traffic jam. Most of There is a traffic jam. Most of these people are trying to get to these people are trying to get to work. They all work in the city work. They all work in the city but few of them live out of the but few of them live out of the city. They are feeling very angry city. They are feeling very angry and frustrated at the moment and frustrated at the moment because the traffic is hardly because the traffic is hardly moving. This bad traffic jam moving. This bad traffic jam happens everyday.happens everyday.

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The text shows that there are …The text shows that there are …

cars on the road.cars on the road.

a.a. several several

b.b. nono

c.c. muchmuch

d.d. a great number of a great number of

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2.2. My mother went to the My mother went to the market yesterday morning.market yesterday morning.She bought … sugar.She bought … sugar.

a.a. manymany

b.b. a number ofa number of

c.c. a fewa few

d.d. a lot of a lot of

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3.3. The picture shows ... The picture shows ... noodlesnoodles..a.a. a cup ofa cup of

b.b. a plate ofa plate of

c.c. a bowl of a bowl of

d.d. a glass ofa glass of

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4.4. Anwar Anwar : Do you want to go : Do you want to go camping? camping?

Fuad Fuad : Yes, I do: Yes, I doAnwar Anwar : Don’t forget to : Don’t forget to

bring a bring a towel towel

and …soapand …soap..a.a. a plenty ofa plenty of

b.b. somesome

c.c. manymany

d.d. muchmuch

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5.5. MotherMother : Rin, could you help : Rin, could you help me? me?

RiniRini : Ok, Mom, what can : Ok, Mom, what can I I do for you? do for you?MotherMother : Well, I need some : Well, I need some

baker’s baker’s chocolate.chocolate.RiniRini : How much do you : How much do you

need, need, Mom?Mom?MotherMother : Not too much. Just : Not too much. Just …. …. One bar One bar should be should be enough.enough.

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a.a. a fewa few

b.b. a little a little

c.c. a lota lot

d.d. a number ofa number of

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6.6. NinaNina : How is your family. How many : How is your family. How many brothers and sisters brothers and sisters

do you do you have? have?EvaEva : I have a big family. I have … : I have a big family. I have …

brothers and sisters in my brothers and sisters in my family.family.

6 brothers and 5 sisters. 6 brothers and 5 sisters.NinaNina : Really, it’s quite big family.: Really, it’s quite big family.

a.a. a fewa few

b.b. muchmuch

c.c. a lot of a lot of

d.d. a littlea little

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Language FunctionLanguage Function

• Expressing Expressing CertaintyCertainty

I’m certain (that) I’m certain (that) ….….

There’s no doubt There’s no doubt that ….that ….

It’s possible that It’s possible that ….….

I’m sure that …I’m sure that …

• Expressing UncertaintyExpressing Uncertainty

I doubt (that) ….I doubt (that) ….

I’m doubtful (that) ….I’m doubtful (that) ….

I’m not certain (that) ….I’m not certain (that) ….

I’m not sure (that) ….I’m not sure (that) ….

I can’t decide (that) ….I can’t decide (that) ….

I don’t believe (that) ….I don’t believe (that) ….

Perhaps ….Perhaps ….

Probably ….Probably ….

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1.1. IwanIwan : Look,Tik! the weather : Look,Tik! the weather is is cloudy. Do you cloudy. Do you think it will think it will rain rain soon?soon?AtikAtik : I think so. I am…it will.: I think so. I am…it will.

a.a. not surenot sure

b.b. doubtfuldoubtful

c.c. Sure Sure

d.d. certainlycertainly

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2.2. DianDian : Do you think you’ll : Do you think you’ll pass pass the exam? the exam?IrmaIrma : … I could do it : … I could do it easily.easily.a.a. PerhapsPerhaps

b.b. Definitely (jwbn bnr)Definitely (jwbn bnr)

c.c. I don’t knowI don’t know

d.d. May beMay be

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3.3. AsniAsni : Mom, will Dad : Mom, will Dad allow allow me to me to come to my come to my friend’s birthday friend’s birthday

party? party?MotherMother : : I can’t say that I can’t say that for for suresure

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The underlined expression is used toThe underlined expression is used to

express …express …

• dissatisfaction.dissatisfaction.

• disappointmentdisappointment

• certaintycertainty

• Uncertainty Uncertainty

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4.4. AniAni : Jak are you sure that : Jak are you sure that we we are going to are going to have English have English test test next Friday?next Friday?JakaJaka : … Mr.Hamid has : … Mr.Hamid has told it told it many many times.times.a.a. I hope so.I hope so.

b.b. I agree with that.I agree with that.

c.c. I am certain about it.I am certain about it.

d.d. I don’t think so.I don’t think so.

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5.5. FathanFathan : I am absolutely : I am absolutely positive positive that I will that I will pass the test.pass the test.IrsaIrsa : I hope so.: I hope so.

From the dialogue above, we From the dialogue above, we know that know that ….….a.a. Fathan is sure to pass the exam Fathan is sure to pass the exam

b.b. Irsa will pass the testIrsa will pass the test

c.c. Irsa and Fathan will have the testIrsa and Fathan will have the test

d.d. Fathan thinks that Irsa will pass the Fathan thinks that Irsa will pass the testtest

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Language FunctionLanguage Function

• Offering to do Offering to do somethingsomething

Can I help youCan I help youShall I get it for Shall I get it for

youyouWould you like me Would you like me

to get it for you….to get it for you….If you like, I could If you like, I could

get it for you….get it for you….

• AcceptingAcceptingYes, pleaseYes, pleaseThank you very Thank you very

muchmuchThanks a lotThanks a lot• RefusingRefusingNo, thank youNo, thank youThat’s all right, That’s all right,

thanksthanks

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1.1. Waiter Waiter : : ….…. ? ?Guest Guest : Can I see the : Can I see the

menu, menu, please ?please ?

Waiter Waiter : Yes, certainly.: Yes, certainly.

a.a. What do you want, SirWhat do you want, Sir

b.b. Can you help me, SirCan you help me, Sir

c.c. What’s the matterWhat’s the matter

d.d. What can I do for you, SirWhat can I do for you, Sir

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2.2. Syarif : We’ve got the money. … go Syarif : We’ve got the money. … go to Town Electronic to Town Electronic

right right now. now.Boy Boy : Yes, I hope we can buy a new : Yes, I hope we can buy a new

digital camera. digital camera. Choose the best Choose the best one one for us!for us!Syarif : I’m sure that I can get it.Syarif : I’m sure that I can get it.

a.a. You shouldYou should

b.b. Why don’t weWhy don’t we

c.c. Would you like me to Would you like me to

d.d. I’m not certainI’m not certain

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3.3. MiraMira : There are many dirty : There are many dirty plates in the plates in the

kitchen kitchen Mom, Mom, …. ?…. ?

FatherFather :: Yes, of course. Yes, of course. Please Please have a have a rest rest MomMom. You . You look very tired.look very tired. Mother Mother : Okay. Thank you : Okay. Thank you

dear.dear.

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a.a. Would you wash themWould you wash them

b.b. Could you put them in the Could you put them in the cupboardcupboard

c.c. Could you wash them, pleaseCould you wash them, please

d.d. Shall I wash them Shall I wash them

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4.4. The room boyThe room boy : : Can I help youCan I help you, , SirSir

The guestThe guest : ….Give : ….Give me a hand me a hand with with these two big these two big suitcases, will you?suitcases, will you?

The room boyThe room boy : Right, : Right, sir.sir.a.a. Yes, please Yes, please

b.b. No, thanksNo, thanks

c.c. Not at allNot at all

d.d. I don’t need youI don’t need you