1 the course map
TRANSCRIPT
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THE ORIENTEERINGCOURSE MAP
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There is a need for a stricter
enforcement of the rulesAn evaluation of IOCONTROLLINGF Event Maps found an
increasing number of map deviations ie
Non standard symbolsWrong line widths
Wrong coloursNon-sharp linesOverly detailed mapsGraphic minimum dimensions not respectedWrong map scales appliedWrong size of control circles
Area symbols too smallPoor generalisationInferior quality paper
Ref: IOF Map Commission
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Is the map important?
YES
A standardized map is the basis for
orienteering as an international event
A map with deviations = unfair competition
Ref: IOF Map Commission
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Controller to ensure the CourseMap complies with the rules
• International Specification for Orienteering Maps - Foot-O Sprint (1:5000-4000) Ski-O MTBO- Check list for controlling the map making of major IOF events
• IOF Control Descriptions 2004
- Course marking
• Competition Rules for Orienteering Australia Foot Orienteering Events - Section 15. Maps- Section 17. Restricted areas and routes
- Section 18. Control descriptions
• OA Guidelines- Digital Printing Policy - Operational Manual 6.3
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Requirements of an
Orienteering map
The map must:
• give a picture of the terrain• be accurate
• use IOF map symbols & scales
• be legible and• be up to date
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The map must give a picture of theterrain
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The map must be accurateabsolute and relative accuracy
• Absoluteaccuracy is outby 85-90m atcontrol 24.Mapdistortions?
• Relative
accuracyappears OK asorienteers foundthe control!
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The map must be accurate
• Use a GPS to check map accuracy and correct location of controls
• Check magnetic north declination
• Check the spacing of North lines & breaks in lines
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The map must use
IOF map symbols & scales• an international symbol set• is a symbol set developed over many years
• no deviations = fair competition
• revision of ISOM 2000 to consider: – technological changes in map production
– new event formats ie sprint & middle – add new, modify or delete symbols – map scale
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The map must use the correctscale for the event format
• Long distance 1:15000, 1:10000* with approval** for elites
1:10000* for < M/W16 and >M/W40
• Middle distance 1:15000, 1:10000*
• Relay 1:15000, 1:10000*
• Sprint 1: 5000 or 4000
*A 1:10000 map is a strict enlargement of a 1:15000 map
**Approval is needed for M/W Elite junior & senior and M/W 17-39Ain the Australian Championships to use a scale other than 1:15000
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The map must be legible
Legibility is dependent on:
• the Quality of the Mapping• the Quality of the Printing
• the Quality of the Paper
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The map must be legible
• the Quality of the Mapping
“a few well drawn features are better
than a lot of small detail that may
clutter the map or disguise the shape
of the landform”
Eduard Imhof, Swiss cartographer
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The map must be legible • the Quality of the Mapping
“Maps get more and more detailed. I don’t know if this is the right
way to go, but it is a fact.” Thierry Gueorgiou Dec 2007
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The map must be legible
• the Quality of the Mapping- What features to map – as per ISOM: min heights & areas
- How the feature is to be drawn – as per ISOM: symbol size, line width
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The map must be legible
• the Quality of the Mapping
• the Quality of the Printing
(1) off-set spot colour printing- Is the only method approved for IOF Foot-O ranking events
(2) other printing methods- ie 4 colour (CMYK) digital, digital offset (digital colour press),
laser printers, inkjet printers, colour copiers
- Laser printers now commonly used in Australia
- Print quality is highly variable
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The map must be legible
• the Quality of the Mapping
• the Quality of the Printing
- For Level A events:
digital printing is OK if there is no significant loss of line
quality, legibility, colour appearance and map durability
OA Digital Printing Policy Operational Manual 6.3
- 1:10000 maps more likely to be suitable for digital printing
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The map must be legible
• the Quality of the Mapping• the Quality of the Printing
• the Quality of the Paper
Legibility factors to consider: – bright white paper (not off-white) for best colour contrast – matt finish (not glossy or shiny)
Related factors – texture or „feel‟ of the paper, „foldability‟ – paper thickness / weight – durability of paper in all conditions – water resistance of paper, need for a plastic bag (0.10mm) – waterproof paper
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An example – legibility of contours • Difficult to calibrate dot size in some digital printers• Cartography may need to reflect printing method and paper quality
• Use the same print setting for all maps used at an event
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The map must be up to date
• Changes to the extent and density of vegetation• Impact of fire, flooding & erosion
• Sprint maps need constant review• Seasonal changes• New tracks, roads, man made features• ……..
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Quality control toolsfor use by the Controller and Planner
OA colour swatch
OA colour purple swatch
IOF Map Commission Print TechProject „test sheet‟
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Quality control tools
• OA colour swatch
Check colours on
a map bycomparing to theOA off-set spotcolour swatch
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Quality control tools
• OA colour purple swatch
CMYK 43 91 00 00
CMYK 30 100 15 00
Now recommended
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Quality control tools
• IOF Map Commission Print Tech Project„test sheet‟ template
Compare a digital test print with the IOF off-set spot colour „test sheet‟
Check for:Sharp edges to lines and symbolsCorrect coloursEven coloursNo stripes, holes, bubblesResolution - clear thin lines, nomoire effect, no zig zag edges
Vertical & horizontal accuracyDo contour lines have the sameappearance over the colourscreensnb brown is often a problem overmid & dark green
And more……..
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Some recent map deviationsin Australia
• Non standard symbols used for horse jumps ie elongated “H” or box - use fence symbol
• Colours not adjusted for printer – a common problem when using 4 colour Laser printers
• Fuzzy lines
– use a better printer!• Sprint map scale of 1:3000
- must be 1:4000 or 1:5000• Vegetation area symbols too small for legibility
- leave off map or redraw with respect to minimum dimensions
• Map scale of 1:10000 with 1:15000 map symbols- a 1:10000 map must be a strict enlargement of a 1:15000 map• Man made features when used not defined
- the legend or map notes must describe the feature ie pole• Can not incorporate ISOM fence symbols with Sprint maps
- Sprint only have two: Passable & Impassable
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Course marking considerations• Circle size, line width and text may be 150% for an
enlarged map- otherwise may need to change the control descriptions
• Do not cover important map detail- use overprinting effect or cut out line segments
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Course marking considerations
• Can only use control features that are obvious in thefield and accurately shown on the map.
• Dangerous objects and areas to be marked on the map
and flagged in the field
• Controller and Course setter should use the samesoftware
– Map: OCAD – Course: OCAD, Condes, Corpse
– Have a system to track updates, corrections, changes
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Using map subsetsSubset (and all maps) to have a
– Title – Scale ratio (Bar scale highly recommended) – Contour interval – North lines – Correct spacing of N lines
• 1:15000 - 500m• 1;10000 - 250m• 1:4000 & 1:5000 -150m
– Legend, or if insufficient space print as a separate sheet – Date of mapping, with updates
– Credits: mapper, map owner, land holder – Notes on Special symbol(s) if used
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Using map subsets
Some more considerations:
• Ensure sufficient space between the map edge andcontrols or likely route choices
• Avoid covering part of the legend with the controldescription
• Keep the number of map subsets to a minimum
– easier to manage, less chance of mistakes
• Map subset should fit an A4 or A3 page
– note: 1:15000/A4 will fit on to an 1:10000/A3
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What is your decision as controller?Should a Sprint map be used for a Middle Distance event?
On the Sprint map below are competitors allowed to crossthe Impassable wall on leg 19 to 20? Competitor safety?
drawn – as per ISOM: symbol size,
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drawn as per ISOM: symbol size,line width
The map must be
legible the Quality of the Mapping
the Quality of the Printing
(1) off-set spot colour printing
- Is the only method approvedfor IOF Foot-O ranking events
(2) other printing methods- ie 4 colour (CMYK) digital,digital offset (digital colourpress), laser printers, inkjet
printers colour copiersL i t