1 sustainable buildings in thailand by dr atch sreshthaputra
DESCRIPTION
1 sustainable buildings in thailand by dr atch sreshthaputraTRANSCRIPT
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SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS
IN THAILAND
ผศ.ดร.อรรจน์ เศรษฐบตุร
Atch Sreshthaputra, Ph.D., DGNB, TREES-F DGNB Consultant, German Sustainable Building Council
Assistant Professor: Faculty of Architecture. Chulalongkorn University
Managing Director: AFRICVS, CO., LTD.
Vice President & Committee: Thai Green Building Institute (TGBI)
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(Neighboring building) (Neighboring building)
Hypothetical Enclosed
Space Site Boundary
Assessment category “L”
as negative impact
outside the boundary
Assessment category “Q”
as positive impact
inside the boundary
Emission of
Air-pollutants,
Noise, Heat
etc.
Resource
Consumption,
Embodied CO2
Emission, etc.
Soil, Water-pollutants etc.
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BEE = Q / L
BEE: Building Environmental Efficiency
Q : Building Environmental Quality & Performance
L : Building Environmental Loadings
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Submission mandatory for buildings with floor areas of more than 2000m2
0
50
100
0 50 100
0
50
100
0 50 100
Q (
Q u
a l i
t y )
A B +
B -
C
Office
School
Retail shop
Restaurant
Hall
Hospital
Hotel
Apartment
Factory
L (Load)
S
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50
100
0 50 100
C
B+ A S
BEE=1.5 BEE=3.0
BEE=0.5
Loading
Quality B-
BEE=1.0
(Very sustainable)
(Unsustainable)
30
60 BEE=2.0 B-
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Urban Heat Island:
Not enough green area
Not enough water retention
Too many concrete pavement
Too many cars
Too many air-conditioners
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BANGKOK TEMPERATURES (Year 1840 & Year 2000)
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Old Buddhist temple
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CFD AIRFLOW SIMULATION
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Computational Fluid Dynamics
ท่ีมา: อรรจน์ เศรษฐบุตร (2546)
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Convection Coef. & Airflow Rate
L
NuKh
ACH = (CFM x 60)/Space Volume in ft3
2
27/816/9
1/6
Pr)/492.0(1
0.387Ra825.0Nu
1/40.27RaNu
K
CμPr
p
α
LT - TgβRa
3S
Inside Convection Coefficient (h)
Air-Exchange Rate (ACH)
CFM = Vwin x Awin
Outside Convection Coefficient (h)
3/14/5 Pr0.0296ReNu
VLRe
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DOE-2Program
CFDProgram
Indoor Air
Temp (F)
Comparison
Air Velocity-
Airflow Rate
Conversion
Nusselt number-
Convection Coefficient
Conversion
Hourly:
- Solar Gain
- U Factor
- Surface Temp.
DOE-2
Input File
Bangkok Weather
Data
DOE-2 Building
Description Data &
Ground Temp.
On-Site Indoor Air
Measurement Data
Hourly Air
Exchange
Rate (ACH)
Convection
Coefficients
Air Velocity
Across
Openings
Nusselt
Number
DOE-2 Library
DOE-2
Weather File
TRY Weather
Packer
CFD
Input File
Building
Description Data
Bangkok Weather
Data
CFD Run(Summer Day)
CFD Run(Winter Day)
Maximum
Air Exchange Rate
(ACH)
DOE-2
Hourly
SimulationIndoor
Temperature
Match ?
Repeat DOE-2 Model Calibration
Procedure
DOE-2 Calibration LoopCalibrated DOE-2 Model
Yes
NoAs - Is Condition
Hourly
Wind
Speed
Data
Indoor
Measurement
Data
DOE-2
Input File
Ventilation
Schedule
Daily Average
Hourly Wind
Speed
(Summer Day s)
Daily Average
Hourly Wind
Speed
(Winter Day s)
Air Exchange
Rate
(Summer Day)
Air Exchange
Rate
(Winter Day) 40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1/1
/99
1/1
6/9
9
1/3
1/9
9
2/1
5/9
9
3/2
/99
3/1
7/9
9
4/1
/99
4/1
6/9
9
5/1
/99
5/1
6/9
9
5/3
1/9
9
6/1
5/9
9
6/3
0/9
9
7/1
5/9
9
7/3
0/9
9
8/1
4/9
9
8/2
9/9
9
9/1
3/9
9
9/2
8/9
9
10/1
3/9
9
10/2
8/9
9
11/1
2/9
9
11/2
7/9
9
12/1
2/9
9
12/2
7/9
9
Date
Degre
e F
DOE 2
Measured
16
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CFD Velocity Field (Section View)
Source: Atch Sreshthaputra
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CFD Velocity & Pressure (Plan View)
Wind Velocity (m/s) Air Pressure (N/m2)
Source: Atch Sreshthaputra
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CFD Temperature Field (Section View)
Source: Atch Sreshthaputra
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Source: Atch Sreshthaputra
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24-hour Transient Simulation
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Old Temple Prototype I
Source: Atch Sreshthaputra
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Summer Days
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Design Option: CFD Velocity Field
ผลการจ าลองโดย ดร.อรรจน ์เศรษฐบุตร
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Prototype I: CFD Temperature Field
Old Temple Prototype I
ผลการจ าลองโดย ดร.อรรจน ์เศรษฐบุตร
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Prototype I: CFD Temperature Field (Cont.)
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70
75
80
85
90
95
3/29 3/30 3/31 4/1 4/2 4/3 4/4 4/5 4/6 4/7 4/8 4/9 4/10 4/11
Date
Degre
e F
AS-IS
Prototype I (Hi Mass)
Prototype II (Lo Mass)
Ground Temp.
70
75
80
85
90
95
11/27 11/28 11/29 11/30 12/1 12/2 12/3 12/4 12/5 12/6 12/7 12/8 12/9 12/10
Date
Degre
e F
AS-IS
Prototype I (Hi Mass)
Prototype II (Lo Mass)
Ground Temp.
Summer Days
Winter Days
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79
80
81
82
83
84
85
As - Is Shading Attic
Ventilation
R-30 Ceiling
Insulation
Low-
Absorption
Roof
Prototype I:
High Mass
Prototype II:
Low Mass
Degre
e F
Day Vent
Night Vent
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
As - Is Shading Attic
Ventilation
R-30 Ceiling
Insulation
Low-
Absorption
Roof
Prototype I:
High Mass
Prototype II:
Low Mass
Degre
e F
Day Vent
Night Vent
Annual Peak Indoor Temperature
Annual Average Indoor Temperature
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Night ventilation &
thermal mass can be
combined to provide comfort in passive
buildings that are operated during the
daytime.
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TESCO LOTUS BANGPRA “ASIA’s 1st ZERO CARBON STORE” 31
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RAMMED EARTH
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M o n t h l y E l e c t r i c i t y
T A L A D B a s e C a s e
T A L A D E a r t h w a l l
k W h
0
1 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0 0
3 0 0 0 0
4 0 0 0 0
J a n F e b M a r A p r M a y J u n J u l A u g S e p O c t N o v D e c
-
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
kWh/yr
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How about residential?
What is important?
• Insulation ?
• Solar control ?
• Thermal mass ?
• Infiltration ?
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HOUSING DESIGN
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TROPICAL DESIGN & PLANNING
Solar orientation, Cross Ventilation, Solar Protection, Self-shading
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SEMI-INTERIOR COURT
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SEMI-INTERIOR COURT
Open courts provide natural ventilation & daylight
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TROPICAL DESIGN & PLANNING
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1.
SE
RV
ICE
BU
FF
ER
LIV
ING
SOLAR ORIENTATION & BUFFER ZONE
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VENTURI EFFECT: DOGTROT HOUSE
Increasing Wind Speed using ‘Dogtrot’
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Butterfly Roof & RADIATIVE COOLING
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Low-Energy Housing
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1
( ) 17.54 ◦C
( ) 19.15 ◦C
18.34 ◦C
23.18 ◦C
wp
( ) 15.68 ◦C
( ) 17.34 ◦C
16.51 ◦C
23.01 ◦C
wpL
( ) 14.08 ◦C
( ) 15.15 ◦C
14.61 ◦C
22.52 ◦C
Source: Pimpun Jirotewong, Chulalongkorn University
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External Shading
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External Shading:
Antonio Gaudi, Barcelona
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Source: Prawit Kitticharnthira, Chulalongkorn University
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For Residential in Thailand: U – Factor of the exterior wall has
small effect on energy consumption. Solar control and glazing is
much more important
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INFILTRATION IN THAI
HOUSES
&
BLOWER DOOR TEST
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AIR INFILTRATION
BLOWER DOOR TEST
ASTM E779
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4 Thai Houses
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Traditional
‘Old’ house
Traditional
house Traditional
house
Modern
house
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INFILTRATION RATE (ACH)
Modern House
Traditional House 1
Traditional House 2
Traditional House 3
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Cooling Energy Consumption (kWh/m2.yr)
Modern House
Traditional House 1
Traditional House 2
Traditional House 3
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Infiltration has little effect on cooling
energy in Thai houses.
What matter the most are ‘materials’ and solar protection.
Lightweight & small heat capacity & Solar control
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NON-RESIDENTIAL
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Thai Health Promotion Office Bangkok, Thailand
63
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GOOD HEALTH
Fresh cool air from surrounding public park
A/C & non A/C = semi interior court
Passive design = Sun Shade + Natural Ventilation
Active design = Efficient envelope + DCV + Solar cells
Optimum Daylight = Movable sunshade + no interior curtain
Physical wellness = Open staircase
Good food = Organic farm on rooftop
Low toxic interior product
Good mind = Thai culture + Social interaction + Arts
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TROPICAL DESIGN & PLANNING 65
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GEOFFREY BAWA’S SEMI-INTERIOR COURT TROPICAL MODERN
66
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67 ศนูยเ์รียนรู้สขุภาวะ สสส. Thai Health Promotion Office designed by Plan Studio, Co., Ltd.
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West Office 4th 21March 16:00
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ไม่มี Lightshelf
DIFFUSE
SPECULAR
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Passive Design of vernacular
architecture can be transformed into
modern design elements.
Ventilation and Solar Shading are vernacular design that still works best for modern buildings
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MODERN COMMERCIAL
BUILDING
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Park Venture Hotel: LEED CS (Platinum awarded November 2012) 105
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Source: Urocha Jiaranai panich & Atch Sreshthaputra (2013)
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ผลการวิจัย
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North
South
East
West
Model 8th Floor 21 September 10:00
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131Investment
(Baht)
OTTV
(Watt/m2)
Energy Use
(kWh/m2.Yr)
Energy Saving
(Baht/Yr)
Energy
Saving (%)
Payback
(Years)
Typical Buildings (Audit data) - 60-100 150-200 - - -
Best Practice (Award winning) - 20-30 100-120 - - -
Original Design (As of Aug 6, 2008) - 60.75 151.5 - - -
1). Insulating Low-E 12,544,500 42.69 143.3 2,686,320 5.4% 4.7
2). 4" Insulation in spandrel 320,000 60.44 151.4 36,036 0.1% 8.9
3). Reduced Vision Glass (3,800,000) 53.96 149.3 727,272 1.5% 0.0
4). Overhang shading device 11,900,000 53.36 147.0 1,477,476 3.0% 8.1
5). Combined all 20,964,500 33.11 140.0 3,773,952 7.6% 5.6
6). Combined all + Light sensor 27,964,500 33.11 131.0 6,705,972 13.5% 4.2
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0.0
2,686,320
36,036
727,272
1,477,476
3,773,952
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
4,000,000
OriginalDesign (As ofAug 6, 2008)
1). InsulatingLow-E
2). 4"Insulation in
spandrel
3). ReducedVision Glass
4). Overhangshading device
5). Combinedall
Energy Saving (Baht/Yr)
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0
4.7
8.9
0.0
8.1
5.6
0
2
4
6
8
10
OriginalDesign (As ofAug 6, 2008)
1). InsulatingLow-E
2). 4"Insulation in
spandrel
3). ReducedVision Glass
4). Overhangshadingdevice
5). Combinedall
Payback (Years)
113
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Construction Cost increase 5-15% Rent increase 15%
Energy Saving 25-30% Water saving 30-40%
Occupants are satisfied with comfort, good IAQ, and good image
Source: Punwadee Mongkolcharoen, Master Thesis, Chulalongkorn University
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DESIGN
OF
ENERGY POSITIVE
HABITAT
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116
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Design concept: Double roof
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Overall design concept
118
Double roof
PV panels
Dogtrot
Timber based wall
Cement based wall
Rain collector roof
Elevated floor
Verandah
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Prefabrication: reduce waste & energy
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Design concept: Dogtrot house
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Dog trot - Venturi Effect
Design concept: Dogtrot house
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Working
Living
Dining Kitchen wc
sto
wc
Bedroom 2
Bedroo
m1 wc wc
Lower floor Upper floor
Floor plan: Dogtrot
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Design concept: Dogtrot
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Design concept: Double skin
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Design concept: Lightweight V.S. Mass wall
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Building simulation: Design Builder 2.0
129
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Building Energy Simulation: Output summary
Internal conditions
Bedroom1 Bedroom2 Living 1 Living 2
Total usage hours 3,650 3,650 5,020 5,020
Average temp 29.89 29.32 30.09 29.72
Max temp 39.44 38.09 39.32 39.19
Min temp 19.10 20.15 19.91 19.98
Number of usage hours below 25oC 474 405 277 193
12.99% 11.10% 5.52% 3.84%
Increased hours from baseline 6 21 77 48
1.28% 5.47% 38.50% 33.10%
Number of usage hours exceed 30oC 701 794 3,092 2,890
19.21% 21.75% 61.59% 57.57%
Reduced hours from baseline 97 85 675 873
12.16% 9.67% 17.92% 23.20%
Building area m2 133
Energy use kWh/yr 6,504
kWh/yr/m2 48.90 130
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ENERGY PLUS HOUSE
Area = 133 sq.m.
Average indoor temperature = 29 C Energy Cost = 19,500 Baht/yr
Energy Index = 48 kWh/m2.yr
Energy Use = 6,500 kWh/yr Energy production = 12,500 kWh/yr
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WHAT IS NEXT?
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New City Planning Code: BONUS
1. Affordable housing
2. Urban public space
3. Mass transit Park & Ride
4. Stormwater runoff
5. Green building
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จบการน าเสนอ
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THANK YOU
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Asst. Prof. Dr. Atch Sreshthaputra ([email protected])
• Excellent Research Award National Research Council 2004
• Excellent Research Award ARCC, USA 2004
• First prize. Low-energy Housing, Ministry of Energy 2005
• LEED Platinum. Park Ventures Ecoplex 2012
• LEED Platinum. HSBC GREEN LIBRARY 2013
• Thailand Energy Award & ASEAN Energy Award. Park Ventures 2013
• Thailand Energy Award & ASEAN Energy Award. KBANK 2011
• Designer of Low-energy Housing Prototype. Bangkok Metropolitan Administration
• Designer of Low-Carbon House. Thai Greenhouse Gas Management Organization.
• Standard of energy efficiency in Building. Ministry of Energy.
• Consultant for AFD, UNEP, GIZ
• Developer of Green Building Ratings TEEAM, TREES, PCD, DGNB, ECOVILLAGE
• Green Building Consultant for ENCO, KBANK, Park Ventures, Thai Health Promotion Office, HSBC, CP, EGAT, PEA, Pruksa, Bangkok Hospital, Siam Discovery, etc.
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