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Soil Contamination From Lead Crystal Glass Manufacture and Acid Polishing

Tim Glews

Dudley M.B.C.

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IntroductionMany processes operate from the same

site for a considerable periodMay have been previous industrial usesDischarge to land was common practiceMany traditional `heavy` industries have

gone, leaving large brownfield sitesDeveloper pressure to build houses on

the vacant brownfield sites

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Royal Brierley Crystal

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Dudley M.B.Five sites of interest

Edinburgh Crystal (Thomas Webb) Tudor Crystal Royal Doulton Crystal Royal Brierley Crystal Stuart and Sons (Waterford Crystal)

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Contamination Sources Manufacturing

Heavy Metals (Lead and Arsenic) Particulate Matter

Acid Polishing Hydrofluoric and Sulphuric Acid Hydrogen Fluoride Deposition

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Effect Of Contamination Heavy Metals

Lead – inhalation / ingestion

toxicity to mammals / photo toxicArsenic – inhalation / ingestion / dermis

toxic carcinogen / photo toxic - airborne / liquid discharge /solid deposit

Acid Waste - inhalation / ingestion / dermis

- toxicity to mammals / photo toxic - may enter water courses / aquifers

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Acid Damage to steel support

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Acid damage to steel support

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Re-development ProcessDecommissioning the processPlanning Permission for developmentDemolition of existing buildingsSite survey and sampling procedureRemedial Work

SOURCE - PATHWAY - RECEPTOR

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Site SurveyDesk study of site / previous usesPlan for examination and site surveyExploratory and detailed investigationAnalysis of samples for contaminantsCompare to guidance levels Review best practicable options

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Remedial Work Options

Provide top cover Use of in ground barriers Excavation and disposal Other Options

Biological remediation Physical treatments Chemical treatments Solidification Thermal treatment

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Case Study 1Edinburgh Crystal Plan

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Case Study 1 Dennis Hall

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Case Study 1 Site History and Background

1885 – 1995, L.C.G. manufacture2.3 hectares, some steep levels

Adjacent foundry,landfill site, coal mining

Demolition

Site survey details and Geology

Soil analysis and landfill gas

Site remediation

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Case Study 2 Tudor Crystal Site

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Case Study 2Tudor Crystal Plan

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Case Study 2Tudor Crystal Photograph

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Case Study 2 Site History and Background

Bounded by the Stourbridge canal

adjacent landfill site(built on)

Demolition

Site survey details and geology

Soil analysis and landfill gas

Site remediation

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Legislation and GuidanceE.U. Directive 84/ 360/ E.E.C.

The Environmental Protection Act 1990 Part 2(a) “Waste on Land”

E.U. Directive 96/ 61/ E.C. Pollution Prevention and Control Act 1999 Pollution Prevention and Control Reg 2000

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ConclusionsConsider current discharges to landConsider previous uses of siteCarefully examine the siteConsider commissioning full site surveyProduce a remediation planMake financial provisions to remediate

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