11

Shi’ism in the Early Shi’ism in the Early GhaybaGhayba Period Period

Dr. Liyakatali TakimDr. Liyakatali Takim

Allentown 2004 RetreatAllentown 2004 Retreat

22

The ‘Ulama In The The ‘Ulama In The ShortShort Ghayba:Ghayba:

The heresiographical work of Hasan b. The heresiographical work of Hasan b. Musa al-NawbakhtiMusa al-Nawbakhti

The role of Abu Sahl Nawbakhti: The role of Abu Sahl Nawbakhti: Proving the need for the ghaybaProving the need for the ghayba

Kulayni (d. 939) and his al-Kafi fi ‘ilm Kulayni (d. 939) and his al-Kafi fi ‘ilm al-Dinal-Din

33

The ‘Ulama In The The ‘Ulama In The ShortShort Ghayba: Ghayba: ContinuedContinued

Reasons for compilationReasons for compilation

Form of compilationForm of compilation

44

The ‘Ulama In The The ‘Ulama In The ShortShort Ghayba: Ghayba: ContinuedContinued

Traveling to collect traditions over Traveling to collect traditions over twenty yearstwenty years

Extremist traditions present in al-Extremist traditions present in al-Kafi Kafi

55

The ‘Ulama In The The ‘Ulama In The ShortShort Ghayba: Ghayba: ContinuedContinued

Divisions into Usul and Fur’u al-Divisions into Usul and Fur’u al-KafiKafi

Nu’mani’s Nu’mani’s kitab al-Ghaybakitab al-Ghayba

66

The Role Of The ‘Ulama In The The Role Of The ‘Ulama In The LongLong Ghayba Ghayba

The coming of the Buyids The coming of the Buyids (Buwayhid) (945-1055)(Buwayhid) (945-1055)

Baghdad as a center of Baghdad as a center of Shi’ite learningShi’ite learning

77

The Role Of The ‘Ulama In The The Role Of The ‘Ulama In The Long Ghayba:Long Ghayba: continuedcontinued

The Shi‘i century 950-1055 C.E. The Shi‘i century 950-1055 C.E. – – Buyids ruled over Iraq & Iran, Buyids ruled over Iraq & Iran, Hamdanis over northern Syria, Hamdanis over northern Syria, Fatimids in Egypt, Hijaz and parts Fatimids in Egypt, Hijaz and parts

of North Africa of North Africa

88

The Role Of The ‘Ulama In The The Role Of The ‘Ulama In The LongLong GhaybaGhayba……continuedcontinued

Taqiyya no longer necessary. Taqiyya no longer necessary. Public displays of Shi’I practices,Public displays of Shi’I practices,

Ashura marked & Ashura marked & Ghadir celebrated publiclyGhadir celebrated publicly

99

The Role Of The ‘Ulama In The The Role Of The ‘Ulama In The LongLong GhaybaGhayba……continuedcontinued

Response to the vacuum in Response to the vacuum in leadership: leadership: the role of the ‘ulamathe role of the ‘ulama

1010

The Role Of The ‘Ulama In The The Role Of The ‘Ulama In The LongLong GhaybaGhayba……continuedcontinued

The ‘ulama of tradition: The ‘ulama of tradition: Ibn Babuya - Shaykh Saduq (d. 991)Ibn Babuya - Shaykh Saduq (d. 991)

Kamal al-DinKamal al-Din

1111

The Role Of The ‘Ulama In The The Role Of The ‘Ulama In The LongLong GhaybaGhayba……continuedcontinued

The ‘ulama of tradition and The ‘ulama of tradition and theological expositions: theological expositions: Shaykh al-Mufid (d. 1022), Shaykh al-Mufid (d. 1022), Sharif al-Murtada (d. 1044) Sharif al-Murtada (d. 1044) Muhammad Ja‘far al-Tusi (d. 1067Muhammad Ja‘far al-Tusi (d. 1067

1212

The Role Of The ‘Ulama In The The Role Of The ‘Ulama In The Long Long Ghayba…Ghayba…continuedcontinued

Mufid – reponse to riwaya and dirayaMufid – reponse to riwaya and diraya

Event of the cave – dirayaEvent of the cave – diraya

Ghadir a riwayaGhadir a riwaya

1313

The Role Of The ‘Ulama In The The Role Of The ‘Ulama In The LongLong Ghayba…Ghayba…continuedcontinued

The compilations of these The compilations of these ‘ulama and their roles in ‘ulama and their roles in defending Shi‘i beliefs and defending Shi‘i beliefs and praxispraxis

1414

The Role Of The ‘Ulama In The The Role Of The ‘Ulama In The LongLong Ghayba…Ghayba…continuedcontinued

Mufid and dream of Fatima Mufid and dream of Fatima (AS) and her two children(AS) and her two children

1515

The Role Of The ‘Ulama In The The Role Of The ‘Ulama In The LongLong Ghayba…Ghayba…continuedcontinued

Reasons for the Ghayba – Reasons for the Ghayba – taqiyya, not accepting allegiance taqiyya, not accepting allegiance from unjust rulersfrom unjust rulers

1616

The Role Of The ‘Ulama In The The Role Of The ‘Ulama In The LongLong Ghayba…Ghayba…continuedcontinued

Tusi – Shaykh al-Taifa – wrote in Tusi – Shaykh al-Taifa – wrote in almost every Islamic fieldalmost every Islamic field

1717

The Role Of The ‘Ulama In The The Role Of The ‘Ulama In The LongLong Ghayba…Ghayba…continuedcontinued

Hanbali Unrest in Baghdad Hanbali Unrest in Baghdad under the Seljuqs: under the Seljuqs: Tusi and the school of NajafTusi and the school of Najaf

1818

The Role Of The ‘Ulama In The The Role Of The ‘Ulama In The LongLong Ghayba…Ghayba…continuedcontinued

House in Karkh looted, House in Karkh looted, notebooks and library burntnotebooks and library burnt