1 session two. 2 life cycle of trout 3 egg trout eggs have black eyes and a central line that show...
TRANSCRIPT
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Session TWOSession TWO
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Life Cycle of TroutLife Cycle of Trout
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EggEgg
Trout eggs have black Trout eggs have black eyes and a central line eyes and a central line that show healthy that show healthy development. Egg development. Egg hatching depends on hatching depends on the water temperature the water temperature in an aquarium or in a in an aquarium or in a natural habitat.natural habitat.
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AlevinAlevin
Once hatched, the trout Once hatched, the trout have a large yolk sac have a large yolk sac used a food source. used a food source. Each alevin slowly Each alevin slowly begins to develop adult begins to develop adult trout characteristics. An trout characteristics. An alevin lives close the alevin lives close the gravel until it “buttons gravel until it “buttons up.”up.”
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FryFry
Buttoning-up occurs Buttoning-up occurs when alevin absorb the when alevin absorb the yolk sac and being to yolk sac and being to feed on aquatic insects. feed on aquatic insects. Fry swim close to the Fry swim close to the water surface, allowing water surface, allowing the swim ladder to fill the swim ladder to fill with air and help the fry with air and help the fry float through water.float through water.
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Fingerling and ParrFingerling and Parr
When a fry grows to 2-5 When a fry grows to 2-5 inches, it becomes a inches, it becomes a fingerling. When develops fingerling. When develops large dark markings, it then large dark markings, it then becomes a parr. Local becomes a parr. Local schools that participate with schools that participate with Cumberland Valley Chapter Cumberland Valley Chapter Trout Unlimited classroom Trout Unlimited classroom trout raising project will trout raising project will release the Trout into its release the Trout into its natural habitat at the natural habitat at the fingerling stage.fingerling stage.
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JuvenileJuvenile
In the naturalIn the natural habitat, a habitat, a trout avoids predators, trout avoids predators, including wading birds including wading birds and larger fish, by and larger fish, by hiding in underwater hiding in underwater roots and brush. As a roots and brush. As a juvenile, a trout juvenile, a trout resembles an adult but resembles an adult but is not yet old or large is not yet old or large enough to spawn.enough to spawn.
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AdultAdult
In the adult stage, In the adult stage, female and male Trout female and male Trout spawn in fall and winter. spawn in fall and winter. Trout turn vibrant in Trout turn vibrant in color during the color during the spawning and then lay spawning and then lay eggs in fish nests, or eggs in fish nests, or redds, in the gravel. redds, in the gravel. The life cycle of the The life cycle of the Trout continues into the Trout continues into the egg stage again.egg stage again.
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The Trout BodyThe Trout Body
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Entomology (Bugs)Entomology (Bugs)
A Successful Fly-Fisher must A Successful Fly-Fisher must know about what trout eat.know about what trout eat.
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Entomology (bugs)Entomology (bugs) PurposePurpose
Show how the fly-fisher can use Show how the fly-fisher can use knowledge of aquatic critters knowledge of aquatic critters
Improve fishing Improve fishing Improve fly selectionImprove fly selection
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Aquatic MacroinvertebratesAquatic Macroinvertebrates
Aquatic = pertaining to waterAquatic = pertaining to water Especially organisms living in fresh waterEspecially organisms living in fresh water
Macro___ = prefix meaning “large”Macro___ = prefix meaning “large” able to see with naked eyeable to see with naked eye
Invertebrate = animal without a backboneInvertebrate = animal without a backbone Insects, crustaceans, worms, othersInsects, crustaceans, worms, others
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What you need to knowWhat you need to know
Trout do NOT speak LatinTrout do NOT speak Latin Trout can’t identify macroinvertebratesTrout can’t identify macroinvertebrates Trout know what looks good to eatTrout know what looks good to eat Trout know what food items act likeTrout know what food items act like Trout face Trout face upstreamupstream . . . . . .
aquatic macroinvertebrates drift aquatic macroinvertebrates drift downstreamdownstream trout eat macroinvertebratestrout eat macroinvertebrates
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Bug CharacteristicsBug Characteristics
Shape – what does it look like?Shape – what does it look like?
Size – how big or small is it?Size – how big or small is it?
Color – what color or colors is it?Color – what color or colors is it?
Habitat – where does it live in nature?Habitat – where does it live in nature?
Behavior – what does it act like?Behavior – what does it act like?
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AdultsAdults have same Shape have same Shape
Mayfly adults hold Mayfly adults hold wings up like sailswings up like sails
Stonefly adults fold Stonefly adults fold wings flat over backwings flat over back
Caddisfly adults fold Caddisfly adults fold wings like a pup tentwings like a pup tent
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Match the natural with size & color Match the natural with size & color variations of the same fly patternvariations of the same fly pattern
Choose fly pattern style based on type of Choose fly pattern style based on type of water to be fishedwater to be fished
Vary the color & size to match the naturals Vary the color & size to match the naturals of the locale you fishof the locale you fish
Use the appropriate stripping action or Use the appropriate stripping action or dead drift to match the natural’s behaviordead drift to match the natural’s behavior
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Flies represent naturalsFlies represent naturals
Dry Fly – fished on water’s surfaceDry Fly – fished on water’s surface Adult: mayfly (also dun), caddis, stonefly, dragonfly, terrestrial Adult: mayfly (also dun), caddis, stonefly, dragonfly, terrestrial
(grasshopper, ant, spider)(grasshopper, ant, spider) Nymph – fished on or near bottomNymph – fished on or near bottom
Larval stage: mayfly, stonefly, caddis, etc.Larval stage: mayfly, stonefly, caddis, etc. Scud, sowbug (NOT aquatic insects)Scud, sowbug (NOT aquatic insects)
Midge – fished in surface filmMidge – fished in surface film Adult midge & emerging midgeAdult midge & emerging midge
Soft-hackle – fished just under surface filmSoft-hackle – fished just under surface film Pupal stage of caddis & emerging mayfly dunPupal stage of caddis & emerging mayfly dun
Streamer – fished in water column or bottomStreamer – fished in water column or bottom ““minnow,” leech, crayfishminnow,” leech, crayfish
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Mayfly Life CycleMayfly Life Cycle
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Mayflies Mayflies
Egg – larva (nymph) – emerger – dun – adultEgg – larva (nymph) – emerger – dun – adult Diverse shapes of nymphsDiverse shapes of nymphs Dun is a pre-adult with wingsDun is a pre-adult with wings Adults have no mouthparts or digestive tractsAdults have no mouthparts or digestive tracts Adult female spinners are susceptible to trout Adult female spinners are susceptible to trout
while laying eggswhile laying eggs Adult males & females may be different sizes Adult males & females may be different sizes
and colorsand colors
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Mayfly larva (nymph)Mayfly larva (nymph)
Single set of wing padsSingle set of wing pads 2 or 3 tails (usually 3)2 or 3 tails (usually 3) Gills on Gills on abdominalabdominal segments segments
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4 mayfly larva body types4 mayfly larva body types
SwimmersSwimmers Slow-mod waterSlow-mod water
CrawlersCrawlers Mod-fast waterMod-fast water
ClingersClingers Swift waterSwift water
BurrowersBurrowers Placid waterPlacid water
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Behavior more important than fly Behavior more important than fly pattern of mayfly nymphpattern of mayfly nymph
Swimmers in slow-mod. waterSwimmers in slow-mod. water• Move with bursts of rapid up & down flips, moving from a few Move with bursts of rapid up & down flips, moving from a few
inches to a few feetinches to a few feet
Crawlers in mod.-fast water with weedbeds or Crawlers in mod.-fast water with weedbeds or rocks with nooks & cranniesrocks with nooks & crannies
• Poor swimmers; drift with current while trying to get to the Poor swimmers; drift with current while trying to get to the bottombottom
Clingers in swift water, like rifflesClingers in swift water, like riffles• Good at staying on or under rocksGood at staying on or under rocks• Migrates to slower water before emerging as dunsMigrates to slower water before emerging as duns
Burrowers in placid waterBurrowers in placid water• Live in burrows until emerging to surface to become dunsLive in burrows until emerging to surface to become duns
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Various mayfly familiesVarious mayfly families
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Stonefly Life CycleStonefly Life Cycle
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StonefliesStoneflies
egg – larva egg – larva (nymph) with many moltings(nymph) with many moltings – adult – adult Mature larvae migrate to stream edges Mature larvae migrate to stream edges Known as “clean water” insectsKnown as “clean water” insects Not active swimmersNot active swimmers
Clings under rocks & crevices in swift waterClings under rocks & crevices in swift water May drift with the current, esp. before May drift with the current, esp. before
emergenceemergence
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Stonefly larva (nymph)Stonefly larva (nymph)
TwoTwo distinct sets of distinct sets of wing padswing pads
AlwaysAlways 22 tails – set tails – set wide apartwide apart
No gills or gills may No gills or gills may resemble undulating resemble undulating tufts under thorax tufts under thorax
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Various stonefly familiesVarious stonefly families
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Caddis Fly Life CycleCaddis Fly Life Cycle
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CaddisfliesCaddisflies
egg – larva egg – larva (on bottom)(on bottom) – pupa – pupa (rises to surface)(rises to surface) – adult – adult Live as larvae most of the year Live as larvae most of the year
As pupa one to several weeksAs pupa one to several weeks As adults 1-3 weeks (unable to eat)As adults 1-3 weeks (unable to eat)
Extremely diverse group, 2 major kindsExtremely diverse group, 2 major kinds Case-building (most common)Case-building (most common) Free-living Free-living
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Caddisfly larvaCaddisfly larva
No wing padsNo wing pads No tailsNo tails May have stubby May have stubby
appendages with hooks appendages with hooks at the end of abdomenat the end of abdomen
Smallish head; fleshy Smallish head; fleshy segmented abdomensegmented abdomen
Looks like a caterpillar Looks like a caterpillar with 6 legs in thorax areawith 6 legs in thorax area
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Various caddisfly familiesVarious caddisfly families
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MidgesMidges
Egg – larva Egg – larva (2 or 3 moltings)(2 or 3 moltings) – pupa – adult – pupa – adult Life cycle I week to 1 yearLife cycle I week to 1 year Abundant and diverse - makes up for small sizeAbundant and diverse - makes up for small size True flies – have only two wingsTrue flies – have only two wings
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Midge larvaMidge larva
No wing padsNo wing pads No tails No tails (may have knobby protrusions at rear end)(may have knobby protrusions at rear end)
No legs apparentNo legs apparent Tiny headTiny head Elongated, maggot-like shapeElongated, maggot-like shape Segmented abdomen Segmented abdomen (sometimes with pairs of fleshy (sometimes with pairs of fleshy
knobs)knobs)
Can’t swim, but grub around on the bottomCan’t swim, but grub around on the bottom
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Midge pupae most important to the Midge pupae most important to the fly fisherfly fisher
Looks like a hunched-back midge larvaLooks like a hunched-back midge larva Wings bunched in a dark bundle at the thoraxWings bunched in a dark bundle at the thorax Head barely visible; body tapersHead barely visible; body tapers May have gas trapped in pupal shuckMay have gas trapped in pupal shuck May have distinct tuft at head endMay have distinct tuft at head end
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Damsels & DragonsDamsels & Dragons
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Water Beetles Water Beetles
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Water bugsWater bugs
Water boatmanWater boatman
Water striderWater strider
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Fishfly, Dobsonfly,& Alderfy LarvaFishfly, Dobsonfly,& Alderfy Larva(Dobsonfly larvae are also known as hellgrammites)(Dobsonfly larvae are also known as hellgrammites)
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Scuds & SowbugsScuds & Sowbugsare crustaceans, NOT aquatic insect larvaeare crustaceans, NOT aquatic insect larvae
Scuds flat side-to-sideScuds flat side-to-side Sowbugs flat top-to-bottomSowbugs flat top-to-bottom
Fast swimmers – short burstsFast swimmers – short bursts Poor swimmers – dead driftPoor swimmers – dead drift
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CrayfishCrayfishaka crawfish or crawdads aka crawfish or crawdads
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Clams & snailsClams & snailsaka mollusksaka mollusks
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Aquatic worms & leechesAquatic worms & leeches
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Relative SizeRelative SizeCan you tell what they are?Can you tell what they are?
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IdentifyIdentify
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IdentifyIdentify
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IdentifyIdentify
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IdentifyIdentify
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IdentifyIdentify
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IdentifyIdentify
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End of Session TWOEnd of Session TWO