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Sergeants TimeSergeants Time

TrainingTraining

VisitorsVisitors

BookBook

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Water Water Purification Purification

and Collectionand Collection

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NameName RankRank Section Section DateDate

Visitors Sign-In SheetVisitors Sign-In Sheet

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NameName RankRank Section Section DateDate

Sign-In SheetSign-In Sheet

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Task, Task, Conditions and Conditions and

StandardsStandards

• Task: Find and provide enough water Task: Find and provide enough water to survive in any environment to survive in any environment

• Condition: Given a field environment Condition: Given a field environment using all available equipment.using all available equipment.

• Standards: Within allotted time setup Standards: Within allotted time setup an Above Ground Still, a Below Ground an Above Ground Still, a Below Ground Still and a Filtration Device.Still and a Filtration Device.

• Sources: FM 21-76Sources: FM 21-76

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Water SourcesWater Sources

• Naturally occurring water sourcesNaturally occurring water sources

• Surface waterSurface water

• PrecipitationPrecipitation

• Subsurface waterSubsurface water

• Indicators of possible waterIndicators of possible water

• Abundant vegetationAbundant vegetation

• Drainage and low-lying areasDrainage and low-lying areas

• Large clumps of plush grassLarge clumps of plush grass

• Animal trailsAnimal trails

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Water Water CollectioCollectio

nn

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Above Ground Above Ground StillStill

• ConditionsConditions

• Sunny SlopeSunny Slope

• Clear Plastic BagClear Plastic Bag

• Green Leafy VegetationGreen Leafy Vegetation

• Small RockSmall Rock

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Above Ground Above Ground StillStill• ConstructionConstruction

• Fill bag with air by turning the opening into Fill bag with air by turning the opening into the breeze or by scooping air into the bagthe breeze or by scooping air into the bag

• Fill the plastic bag half to three-fourths full Fill the plastic bag half to three-fourths full of green leafy vegetation. Be sure to remove of green leafy vegetation. Be sure to remove all hard sticks or sharp spines that might all hard sticks or sharp spines that might puncture the bag.puncture the bag.

CautionCaution

Do not use poisonous vegetation. It will Do not use poisonous vegetation. It will provide poisonous liquid.provide poisonous liquid.

• Place small rock or similar item in the bagPlace small rock or similar item in the bag

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• Close bag and tie the mouth securely as Close bag and tie the mouth securely as close to the end of the bag as possible to close to the end of the bag as possible to keep the maximum amount of air space. If keep the maximum amount of air space. If you have a piece of tubing, a small straw, or you have a piece of tubing, a small straw, or a hollow reed, insert one end in the mouth a hollow reed, insert one end in the mouth of the bag before you tie it securely. Then of the bag before you tie it securely. Then tie off or plug the tubing so that air will not tie off or plug the tubing so that air will not escape. This tubing will allow you to drain escape. This tubing will allow you to drain out condensed water without untying the out condensed water without untying the bag. bag.

• Place the bag, mouth downhill, on a slope Place the bag, mouth downhill, on a slope in full sunlight. Position the mouth of the in full sunlight. Position the mouth of the bag slightly higher than the low point of the bag slightly higher than the low point of the bag.bag.

• Settle the bag in place so that the rock Settle the bag in place so that the rock works itself into the low point in the bag. works itself into the low point in the bag.

Above Ground Above Ground StillStill

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• To get water from still, loosen the tie To get water from still, loosen the tie around the bag’s mouth so that the water around the bag’s mouth so that the water collected around the rock will drain out. collected around the rock will drain out. Retie the mouth securely and reposition the Retie the mouth securely and reposition the mouth securely and reposition to allow mouth securely and reposition to allow further condensation.further condensation.

• Change the vegetation in the bag after Change the vegetation in the bag after extracting most of the water from it. This extracting most of the water from it. This will ensure maximum output of water.will ensure maximum output of water.

Above Ground Above Ground StillStill

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Below Ground Below Ground StillStill• ConditionsConditions

• Digging ToolDigging Tool

• ContainerContainer

• PonchoPoncho

• Drinking TubeDrinking Tube

• RockRock

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Below Ground Below Ground StillStill

• Dig bowl-shaped hole about 1 meter Dig bowl-shaped hole about 1 meter across and across and 60 cm deep 60 cm deep

• Dig a sump in the center of the hole. Dig a sump in the center of the hole. The sump will be the size of the The sump will be the size of the container that you are usingcontainer that you are using

• Anchor the tubing to the container’s Anchor the tubing to the container’s bottom bottom

• Place the container upright in the sumpPlace the container upright in the sump

• Extend the unanchored end of the Extend the unanchored end of the tubing up, over, and beyond the lip of the tubing up, over, and beyond the lip of the hole hole

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Below Ground Below Ground StillStill

• Place the poncho over the hole, covering Place the poncho over the hole, covering the poncho with soil to hold it in place.the poncho with soil to hold it in place.

• Place a rock in the center of the poncho.Place a rock in the center of the poncho.

• Lower poncho into the hole until it is Lower poncho into the hole until it is about 40cm below ground level. Make sure about 40cm below ground level. Make sure the rock is directly over the container. the rock is directly over the container.

• Place soil around poncho to hold it Place soil around poncho to hold it securely and prevent loss of moisture.securely and prevent loss of moisture.

• Plug the tube when not in use so that Plug the tube when not in use so that moisture will not evaporate.moisture will not evaporate.

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• If polluted water is your only source of If polluted water is your only source of moisture, dig a small trough outside the moisture, dig a small trough outside the hole about 25cm from the still’s lip. Dig hole about 25cm from the still’s lip. Dig the trough about 25cm deep and 8cm wide. the trough about 25cm deep and 8cm wide. Pour the polluted water in the trough. Pour the polluted water in the trough.

• You will need at least three stills to meet You will need at least three stills to meet individual daily water needs. individual daily water needs.

Below Ground Below Ground StillStill

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Water Water PurificatiPurificati

onon

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Water Water PurificationPurification

• Purify water from lakes, ponds, swamps, Purify water from lakes, ponds, swamps, springs or streams, especially if the water springs or streams, especially if the water is near human settlements or in the tropics.is near human settlements or in the tropics.

• Purify water byPurify water by

• Purification tabletsPurification tablets

• IodineIodine

• Boiling waterBoiling water

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Water Water PurificationPurification

• By drinking non-potable water you By drinking non-potable water you may contract diseases or swallow may contract diseases or swallow organisms that can harm you such asorganisms that can harm you such as

• DysenteryDysentery

• Cholera and TyphoidCholera and Typhoid

• FlukesFlukes

• LeechesLeeches

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Water Water FiltrationFiltration

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Water Filtration Water Filtration DevicesDevices

• If water is muddy, stagnant, and foul If water is muddy, stagnant, and foul smelling, you can clear the water bysmelling, you can clear the water by

• Placing it in a container and letting it Placing it in a container and letting it stand for 12 hoursstand for 12 hours

• By pouring it through a filtering systemBy pouring it through a filtering system

• Place several centimeters or layers Place several centimeters or layers of filtering material such as sand, of filtering material such as sand, crushed rock, charcoal in bamboo, a crushed rock, charcoal in bamboo, a hollow log or an article of clothing.hollow log or an article of clothing.

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AARAAR

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Packing ListPacking List

• ALICE Pack ALICE Pack

• LBE (2 1-Quart Canteens Full) LBE (2 1-Quart Canteens Full)

• Kevlar (In ALICE Pack)Kevlar (In ALICE Pack)

• E-ToolE-Tool

• 2-Quart Canteen (Full)2-Quart Canteen (Full)

• Soft CapSoft Cap

• PonchoPoncho

• Cold Weather Gear Cold Weather Gear

• Wet Weather GearWet Weather Gear