1

RA I Sub-Regional Training Seminar on CLIMAT&CLIMAT TEMP ReportingCasablanca, Morocco, 20 – 22 December 2005

Status of observing programmes in RA I sub-regional countries and a regional overview

Presented by Alexander Karpov

2

Goals

Presentation –

o WWW Technical Report Handbook on CLIMAT and CLIMAT TEMP reporting (WMO/TD-No. 1188) o Software CLIREP

Procedure and practice on compiling CLIMAT and CLIMAT TEMP reports Practical exercises

3

Programme of the Meteorolgical Observation

(Members - Regional Association I)

4

WMO - Weather Reporting Publication No. 9, Volume A (Observing stations)

Contains a global list of all operational surface and upper-air stations

which are used for synoptic purposes

Contents are published in the form of a CD-ROM once a year and distributed to all NMHSs

A web version is published on the WMO website under

http://www.wmo.ch/web/www/ois/volume-a/vola-home.htm

It is updated once a week in the form of a flat-file of data on Observing Stations

5

WMO - Weather Reporting Publication No. 9, Volume A (Observing stations)

Contents arranged in the order of WMO Regions and in index number order within the Region

Main and intermediate standard times for surface synoptic observations

are listed (8 observations between 00UTC – 21UTC)

Standard times of upper-air synoptic observations are listed (4 observations between 00UTC – 18UTC)

Additional information are indicated by abbreviations under ‘Other

observations and Remarks’ as detailed in the Legend.

6

WMO - Weather Reporting Publication No. 9, Volume A (Observing stations)

Legend for CLIMAT and CLIMAT TEMP indicator in Volume A

CLIMAT (C) … Stations for which monthly climatological means of surface elements are transmitted

CLIMAT (T) … Stations for which monthly climatological means

of upper-air elements are transmitted

CLIMAT (CT) … Stations for which monthly climatological means of both surface and upper-air elements are transmitted

7

WMO – Manual on the Global Observing System Publication No. 544, Volume I (Global Aspects) and Volume II (Regional

Aspects)

Volume I contains the regulatory material for the global aspects and forms part of the WMO Technical Regulations

Volume II contains the regulatory material for the regional aspects but does not form part of the WMO Technical Regulations

8

WMO – Manual on the Global Observing System Publication No. 544, Volume I (Global Aspects) and Volume II (Regional Aspects)

Goals:

Facilitate the cooperation between Member countries in the domain of observations

Share responsibility of Member countries in implementing the GOS of WWW

Assume appropriate standard and uniformity in procedures and practices applied to implementing the above tasks

9

WMO – Manual on the Global Observing System Publication No. 544, Volume I (Global Aspects) and Volume II (Regional Aspects)

GOS contents:

1. General principles regarding the Organization and Implementation of the GOS

2. Requirements for observational data 3. Surface-based subsystem 4. Space-based subsystem 5. Quality control 6. Definitions

10

WMO – Manual on the Global Observing System Publication No. 544, Volume I (Global Aspects) and Volume II (Regional Aspects)

GOS contents:

2.8. Climatological stations 2.8.1 Each Member shall establish in its territory a network of climatological

stations 2.9(b) CLIMAT reports should be transmitted by the fifth day of the month but

not later than the eighth day of the month 2.10(c) CLIMAT TEMP reports should be transmitted by the fifth day of the

month but not later than the eighth day of the month

11

Quantity monitoring of the operation of the WWW

The two main types of quantity monitoring exercises co-ordinated by the Secretariat within the framework of the WWW Programme:

The Annual Global Monitoring (AGM)

The Special MTN Monitoring (SMM)

Results are circulated amongst all NMHSs and posted on the WMO website under http://www.wmo.ch/web/www/ois/monitor/monitor-home.htm

12

Annual Global Monitoring (AGM) AGM is carried out in October each year Centres are invited to monitor SYNOP, TEMP, PILOT, CLIMAT and CLIMAT reports from the RBSN stations in accordance with the responsibility taken for the exchange of data on the GTS:

The NMCs should monitor data from their own territory

RTHs should at least monitor data from their associated NMCs, and possibly from their own Region

WMCs and RTHs located on the MTN should monitor the complete global data set.

The results of the AGM make it possible to compare the availability of the reports received from RBSN stations at the NMC responsible for inserting the data in the Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Network (RMTN), at the associated RTH and at MTN centres.

13

Special MTN monitoring

With a view to complementing the AGM, CBS-XI (Cairo, 1996) decided to implement the Special MTN Monitoring

The SMM is carried out four times each year:

1-15 January, April, July and October

14

REGIONAL BASIC CLIMATOLOGICAL NETWORK (RBCN) IN RA I

CLIMAT Total number of stations in RA I …. 637 Sub-Regional Countries selected for the training:

Total number of stations …. 247 Representation in the region …. 39%

Percentage of reports received (186) against expected from RA I …. 29%

Sub-Regional Countries selected for the training: Percentage of reports generated (108) …. 44% Representation of reports in the region …. 17%

(Note: Figures based on Annual Global Monitoring results – October 2004)

15

Percentage of CLIMAT reports from sub-regional (selected) countries of WMO Regional Association I on the Main Telecommunication Network

Annual Global Monitoring (AGM): 1 to 15 October 2004

Special MTN Monitoring (SMM) 1 to 15 - October (2004), January, April, July and October 2005

Calculation based on combining the RBCNs for the monitoring periods

Percentage of reports received

October (2004) SMM (2005) RBCNs Volume A,

October 2005 Country Name

Number of stations

Number implemented

(%)

AGM SMM January April July October

Algeria 33 33 (100%) 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Chad 12 12 (100%) 8% 8% 17% 8% 0% 25%

Egypt 24 10 (42%) 50% 17% 13% 21% 0% 21%

Eritrea 02 1 (50%) 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Ethiopia 15 7 (47%) 7% 7% 0% 0% 7% 7%

Kenya 10 6 (60%) 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Libya 22 19 (86%) 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Mali 18 17 (94%) 6% 0% 61% 0% 0% 61%

Mauritania 13 13 (100%) 100% 46% 100% 62% 46% 100%

Morocco 23 10 (43%) 39% 39% 39% 0% 35% 35%

Nigeria 24 9 (38%) 4% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Senegal 12 11 (92%) 58% 58% 83% 67% 92% 92%

Sudan 25 22 (88%) 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Tunisia 14 5 (36%) 36% 14% 7% 7% 7% 0%

16

CLIMAT reports received chart from sub-regional (selected) countries in RA I on the MTN (Special MTN Monitoring)

Period: 1 - 15 (January, April, July and October) 2005

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

(Number of RBCN stations in parenthesis)

Jan-05 Apr-05

Jul-05 Oct-05

J an-05 100% 17% 13% 0% 0% 0% 0% 61% 100% 39% 0% 83% 0% 7%

Apr-05 100% 8% 21% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 62% 0% 0% 67% 0% 7%

J ul-05 100% 0% 0% 0% 7% 0% 0% 0% 46% 35% 0% 92% 0% 7%

Oct-05 100% 25% 21% 0% 7% 0% 0% 61% 100% 35% 0% 92% 0% 0%

ALGERIA (33)

CHAD (12) EGYPT (24)ERITREA

(2)ETHIOPIA

(15)KENYA (10) LIBYA (22) MALI (18)

MAURITANIA (13)

MOROCCO (23)

NIGERIA (24)

SENEGAL (12)

SUDAN (25)

TUNISIA (14)

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

The designations employed and the presentationof material in this chart do not imply the expressionof any opinion whatsoever on the part of theSecretariat of the World Meteorologicalconcerning the legal status of any country. WMO SecretariatWMO Secretariat

Availability of CLIMAT reports from Part of WMO Regional Association IAnnual Global Monitoring: 1 to 15 October 2004

report received no report received

29

TABLE A – CLIMAT (ALL REGIONS)

Representation of sub-regional countries participating in the Training Seminar

Regions Stations in the RBCNs -

October 2003

Reports received (%)

by MTN centres -

October 2003 (AGM)

Stations in the RBCNs - October 2004

Reports received (%)

by MTN centres -

October 2004 (AGM)

Number of stations

Percentage of reports

RA I 637 26% 637 29% 247 (39%) 17%

RA II 593 63% 593 70%

RA III 325 73% 325 70%

RA IV 298 73% 298 69%

RA V 192 76% 192 79%

RA VI 520 84% 526 90%

ANTARCTIC 30 73% 29 69%

TOTAL 2695 62% 2600 65%

--

30

Global chart (CLIMAT)

WMO SecretariatWMO Secretariat

The designations employed and the presentationof material in this chart do not imply the expressionof any opinion whatsoever on the part of theSecretariat of the World Meteorological Organizationconcerning the legal status of any country.

Availability of CLIMAT reports from RBCN stations

Monitoring period: 1 to 15 October 2004

reports received (1679) no report received (921)

(CLIMAT reports September 2004)

Figure 1

EMCGG-2/Doc. 3.1, p. 4

31

REGIONAL BASIC CLIMOTOLOGICAL NETWORK (RBCN) IN RA 1

CLIMAT TEMP Total number of stations in RA I …. 28 Sub-Regional Countries selected for the training: Total number of stations …. 10 Representation in the region …. 36% Percentage of reports received (16) against expected from RA I …. 57% Sub-Regional Countries selected for the training: Percentage of reports generated (7) …. 70%

Representation of reports in the region …. 25%

(Note: Figures based on Annual Global Monitoring results – October 2004)

32

Percentage of CLIMAT TEMP reports from sub-regional (selected) countries of WMO Regional Association I on the Main Telecommunication Network

Annual Global Monitoring (AGM): 1 to 15 October 2004

Special MTN Monitoring (SMM) 1 to 15 - October (2004), January, April, July and October 2005

Calculation based on combining the RBCNs for the monitoring periods

Percentage of reports received

October (2004) SMM (2005) RBCNs Volume A,

October 2005 Country *

Name

Number of stations

Number implemented

(%)

AGM SMM January April July October

Algeria 1 1 (100%) 0% 0% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Egypt 6 6 (100%) 100% 17% 17% 17% 17% 17%

Ethiopia 1 1 (100%) 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0%

Senegal 1 1 (100%) 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Sudan 1 1 (100%) 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Note: *Only countries with stations listed as producing CLIMAT TEMP in the RBCN – RA I

33

Percentage of CLIMAT TEMP reports (station based) from sub-regional selected countries of WMO Regional Association I on the Main TelecommunicatIon Network

Annual Global Monitoring (AGM): 1 to 15 October 2004

Special MTN Monitoring (SMM) 1 to 15 - October (2004), January, April, July and October 2005

Calculation based on combining the RBCNs for the monitoring periods

Percentage of reports received

October (2004) SMM (2005) Volume A,

October 2005 Country*

Name Station name

Number implemented (%)

AGM SMM January April July October

Algeria 60680

TAMANRASSET 1 (100%) 0% 0% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Egypt 62306 MERSA MATRUH 1 (100%) 100% 0% 100% 100% 100% 100%

62337 EL ARISH 1 (100%) 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

62378 HELWAN 1 (100%) 100% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0%

62403 SOUTH OF VALLEY 1 (100%) 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

62414 ASSWAN 1 (100%) 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

62423 FARAFRA 1 (100%) 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Ethiopia 63450 ADDIS ABABA-BOLE 1 (100%) 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% Senegal 61641 DAKAR/YOFF 1 (100%) 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Sudan 62721 KHARTOUM 1 (100%) 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Note: *Only countries with stations listed as producing CLIMAT TEMP in the RBCN – RA I

34

The designations employed and the presentationof material in this chart do not imply the expressionof any opinion whatsoever on the part of theSecretariat of the World Meteorologicalconcerning the legal status of any country. WMO SecretariatWMO Secretariat

Availability of CLIMAT TEMP reports from Part of WMO Regional Association IAnnual Global Monitoring: 1 to 15 October 2004

report received (7) no report received (3)

35

CLIMAT TEMP reports received chart from RA I sub-regional (selected) countries on the MTN (Special MTN Monitoring)

Period: 1 - 15 (January, April, July and October) 2005

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

(Number of RBCN stations in parenthesis)

Jan-05 Apr-05

Jul-05 Oct-05

J an-05 100% 17% 100% 100% 0%

Apr-05 100% 17% 0% 100% 0%

J ul-05 100% 17% 0% 100% 0%

Oct-05 100% 17% 0% 100% 0%

ALGERIA (1) EGYPT (6) ETHIOPIA (1) SENEGAL (1) SUDAN (1)

36

TABLE B – CLIMAT TEMP (ALL REGIONS)

Representation of sub-regional countries participating in the Training Seminar

Regions Stations in the RBCNs -

October 2003

Reports received (%)

by MTN centres -

October 2003 (AGM)

Stations in the RBCNs - October 2004

Reports received (%)

by MTN centres -

October 2004 (AGM)

Number of stations

Percentage of reports

RA I 28 54% 28 57% 10 (36%) 25%

RA II 194 64% 194 69%

RA III 49 63% 49 65%

RA IV 58 45% 58 45%

RA V 77 83% 77 83%

RA VI 93 77% 88 75%

ANTARCTIC 13 85% 13 77%

TOTAL 512 67% 507 68%

-

37

Global chart (CLIMAT TEMP)

WMO SecretariatWMO Secretariat

The designations employed and the presentationof material in this chart do not imply the expressionof any opinion whatsoever on the part of theSecretariat of the World Meteorological Organizationconcerning the legal status of any country.

Availability of CLIMAT TEMP reports from RBCN stations

Monitoring period: 1 to 15 October 2004

(CLIMAT TEMP reports September 2004)

Figure 2

EMCGG-2/Doc. 3.1, p. 5

reports received (347) no report received (160)

38

Deficiencies in the application of the WMO standards for the presentation of the CLIMAT and CLIMAT TEMP bulletins

The amount of the bulletins, which do not comply with the WMO standards for presentation are significant.

Most frequent deficiencies found are:

1. Incorrect spelling or omitting the code name CLIMAT or CLIMAT TEMP in the first line of the text

2. Repeating the code name CLIMAT or CLIMAT TEMP in the same bulletin 3. Incorrect or omitted group MMJJJ 4. Repeating MMJJJ in the same bulletin 5. Station index IIiii is not in the beginning of the line or repeated or omitted

39

Deficiencies in the application of the WMO standards for the presentation of the CLIMAT and CLIMAT TEMP bulletins

The first four deficiencies listed are generated at the collecting centres and not at the observing station.

Some deficiencies generated by observing stations are:

1. Data are not presented according to code forms FM 71-XII or FM 75-XII 2. The section groups in the CLIMAT reports are incorrect, omitted or incorrectly

placed.

40

Deficiencies in the application of the WMO standards for the presentation of the CLIMAT and CLIMAT TEMP bulletins

Possibilities for improvement:

Invite climatological centres to assess the negative impacts of the deficiencies found on their products and services

Train the operational staff at the compiling centres and CLIMAT

reporting stations in applying the WMO standards for the presentation of reports and bulletins

Re-consider the WMO standards taking into account the advantages in

using computers for coding and decoding meteorological data

41

RA I Sub-Regional Training Seminar on CLIMAT and CLIMAT TEMP Reporting

Casablanca, Morocco, 20 – 22 December 2005

List of lecturers and presenters:

O. Alduchov A. Besprozvannykh G. Clarke R. Thigpen I. Rüedi A. Karpov

42

I wish you a very successful training seminar

Thank you