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Project Planning Software project management begins with a

set of activities called project planning which involves proper estimation of time, schedule, work and resources.

Project PlanningWhen: need for software has already been

established; stakeholders are on-board; coding is ready to begin

What: project planning spans five major activities—estimation, scheduling, risk analysis, quality management planning, and change management planning

Who: software project managers, with information from stakeholders and engineers

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Objectives of planningFramework that will help in the estimation

of cost , time and scheduleDefine the best case and worst case

scenarios so that project outcomes can be bounded.

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Task set for project planning1. Establish project scope2.Determine feasibility3.Analyze risks4,Define required resources human resource needed , software

resources, environmental resources5. Estimate cost and effort decompose the problem, use estimation

techniques6.Develop project schedule

Software project scope and feasibilityThe first step in planning is establishing project

scopeSoftware scope describes the functions and

features that are to be delivered. It is a narrative description of scope is developed

after communicating with stakeholdersFunction ( cost,schedule) and

performance(response time,processing time) is to be measured

Once scope is defined we go to step 2

FeasibilityCan we build a software to meet this scopeIs project technically feasibleFinancial feasibilityTime Resources

RESOURCESThree categories of software engineering resources are 1.people (location , skills and number) 2. reusable software components(off shelf components,

full experience component ,partial experience component and new component)

c.Environmental resources ( hardware and software tools needed )

Offshelf: existing s/w that can be acquired from a 3rd party Full Experience : s/w that is already developed for past

projectsPartial experience: s/w that is already developed for past

projects but needs some modification to be used for the current project

New component: build from scratch

Estimation requires… experience access to good historical information

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Reliability of estimates is affected by… Project complexity Project size Degree of structural uncertainty Availability of historical information

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Options for estimationDelay estimation until late in the project (not

feasible)Base estimation based on previous similar

projectsUse simple decomposition techniques to

generate cost and effort estimation Decomposition technique adopt a divide and

conquer technique. For each decomposition the cost and effort estimation is done.

Use one or more empirical models for estimation

Estimation techniquesProblem-based EstimationLOCFunction – PointProcess-based EstimationCOCOMO

Loc based estimationCost per LOC = burdened rate /LOC produced per

PM

Project Cost = Cost per LOC * LOCE

Project Effort = Project Cost/ burdened labor rate

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Assuming that your organization produces 620 LOC/PM with a burdened labor rate of 8000BD/PM, estimate the cost and the effort required to build the software using LOC-based estimation technique. LOC(e)=30000

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Function Point Use measure of functionalityDerived directly from 5 information domain

characteristics- User Input = distinct data input by user- User Output = reports, screens, error messages- User Inquiries = on-line input results in generation of immediate software response- Files = Logical grouping of data that may be one part of large database or separate file- External interfaces = all machine readable interfaces used to transmit information to another system

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Information Domain Value

Count Simple Average Complex FP Count

External Inputs 12 3 4 6 36

External Outputs 8 4 5 7 32

External Inquiries 10 3 4 6 30

Internal Logical Files 3 7 10 15 21

External Interface Files

8 5 7 10 40

TOTAL 15916

Factor

Backup and Recovery 5

Data communications 4

Distributed processing 4

Performance critical 4

Existing operating environment 4

Online data entry 4

Input transaction over multiple screens 3

ILFs updated online 3

Information Domain Values Complex 4

Internal Processing Complex 3

Code designed for Reuse 4

Conversion/installation in design 3

Multiple installations 3

Application designed for change 3

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FPE = count total*[0.65 + 0.01 * ∑Fi)

Project Effort = FPE / average productivity on FP

Project Cost = Project Effort * burdened rate

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Sensor Status

Activate/Deactivate

Alarm alert

SafeHome User Interaction Function

User

Password

Zone Inquiry

Sensor Inquiry

Panic Button

Activate/Deactivate

Sensors

Zone Setting

Test Sensor

User

Messages

Monitoring & Response Subsystem

System Configuration Data

Password, Sensors…

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Sensor Status

Activate/Deactivate

Alarm alert

Security Monitoring

System

User

Password

Zone Inquiry

Sensor Inquiry

Panic Button

Activate/Deactivate

Sensors

Zone Setting

Test Sensor

User

Messages

Monitoring & Response Subsystem

System Configuration

Data

Password, Sensors…

User Data

Password,

Sensors…

External Input : orginates from user and represents control

information

External Output : its derived from application and provides

information to user.it can be reports, screens,error

messages

External Inquiries:Its is a online input that result in the

generation of some software response.

Internal logical file : File that resides within system

boundary

External interface file : it resides external to application

3 External inputs1. Password2. panic button and 3. activate/deactivate

2 external inquiries1. zone inquiry and 2. sensor inquiry

One ILF (system configuration file)

2 external outputs1. messages and 2. sensor status

Four EIF’s1. test sensor2. zone setting3. activate/deactivate4. alarm alert

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Information Domain Value

Count Simple Average Complex FP Count

External Inputs 3 3 4 6 9

External Outputs 2 4 5 7 8

External Inquiries 2 3 4 6 6

Internal Logical Files 1 7 10 15 7

External Interface Files

4 5 7 10 20

TOTAL 50

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Past Projects show a burdened labor rate of P8000/PMAverage productivity is 9FP/pmAssume average complexity valueTotal adjustment value is estimated to be 49

FPE = count total*[0.65 + 0.01 * ∑Fi)Project Effort = FPE / average productivity on FPProject Cost = Project Effort * burdened rate

COCOMO II (Constructive cost model)uses object points, using counts of the number

of- screens- reports- components that is needed to build the application

Each object instance is classified into one of the three complexity levels (simple, medium or difficult)

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Object Type Complexity Weight

Simple Medium Difficult

Screen 1 2 3

Report 2 5 8

3GL Component 10 10 10

Developer’s Experience

Very low

Low Nominal High Very High

Development Environment maturity/ capability

Very low

Low Nominal High Very High

PROD 4 7 13 25 5026

NOP = (object points) * ((100 - %reuse)/100)PROD =NOP / person-monthEstimated Effort = NOP/PRODEstimated Cost = Estimated Effort * Burdened rate

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Developer’s Experience

Very low

Low Nominal High Very High

Development Environment maturity/ capability

Very low

Low Nominal High Very High

PROD 4 7 13 25 50

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Use the COCOMO II model to estimate the effort required to build software for a simple ATM that produces 12 screens, 10 reports, and will require approximately 80 software components

Past projects show a burdened rate of 9000BD/pm

Assume nominal complexity and nominal developer/environment maturity

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Tasks You are working for a software company ABC

software and SBI Bank has granted a project to computerise its operations. The Manager for SBI Mr Ahmed has been involved in deciding the various aspects of the project. You are appointed by ABC software to manage the project and there are a team of 20 people working with you.The bank employs 20 people and has 100 account holders

Who are the stake holders for the project.Which are the different team organisations?

Which one would you choose and why?

You are the project manager for a company that buids software for house hold robots.You are contacted to build a software for a robot that mows the lawn for a homeowner.Write a statement of scope that describes the software.If you are unfamiliar about robots do a little research on robots before starting.State your assumptions about what hardware is needed.

UseCOCOMO model to estimate the effort needed to build a software for a simple ATM machine that produce 12 screens , 10 reports and 80 software components.Assume average complexity and average developer /envt maturity.

Developer’s Experience

Very low

Low Nominal High Very High

Development Environment maturity/ capability

Very low

Low Nominal High Very High

PROD 4 7 13 25 50

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Comment on the statement “It seems odd the cost and schedule estimates to be developed during software project planning-before detailed analysis and design is conducted?why