1 principles of design © pdst home economics. 2 remember… harmony elements of design colour shape...

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1 Principles of Design ©PDST Home Economics

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Page 1: 1 Principles of Design © PDST Home Economics. 2 Remember… Harmony ELEMENTS OF DESIGN Colour Shape Line Texture Pattern TOOLS PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN Balance

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Principles of

Design

©PDST Home Economics

Page 2: 1 Principles of Design © PDST Home Economics. 2 Remember… Harmony ELEMENTS OF DESIGN Colour Shape Line Texture Pattern TOOLS PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN Balance

2

Remember…

Harmony

ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

ColourShapeLine

TexturePattern

TOOLS

PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

BalanceRhythm

EmphasisProportion/

Scale

RULES

To creat

e

Page 3: 1 Principles of Design © PDST Home Economics. 2 Remember… Harmony ELEMENTS OF DESIGN Colour Shape Line Texture Pattern TOOLS PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN Balance

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Principles of Design

Balance

• What comes to your mind when you think of balance?

• Balance is achieved when the details in a garment are evenly distributed.

• The design is arranged to achieve a feeling of rest and equilibrium.

• Balance can be symmetrical (formal, professional design), e.g. when a pair of trousers has two pockets, or asymmetrical (informal design), e.g. when a pocket is on one side of a shirt.

Page 4: 1 Principles of Design © PDST Home Economics. 2 Remember… Harmony ELEMENTS OF DESIGN Colour Shape Line Texture Pattern TOOLS PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN Balance

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Balance

• A design can be visually balanced but need not be exactly symmetrical.

• Focal points should be balanced and not give a feeling of being pulled too much to any part of the outfit.

• Balance can be achieved through placement of lines, patterns, colours, textures and shapes.

Page 5: 1 Principles of Design © PDST Home Economics. 2 Remember… Harmony ELEMENTS OF DESIGN Colour Shape Line Texture Pattern TOOLS PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN Balance

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SymmetricalBalance

Page 6: 1 Principles of Design © PDST Home Economics. 2 Remember… Harmony ELEMENTS OF DESIGN Colour Shape Line Texture Pattern TOOLS PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN Balance

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AsymmetricalBalance

Page 7: 1 Principles of Design © PDST Home Economics. 2 Remember… Harmony ELEMENTS OF DESIGN Colour Shape Line Texture Pattern TOOLS PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN Balance

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Principles of DesignRhythm• Rhythm is achieved when the lines, shapes,

colours, textures, or patterns in an outfit are arranged so the eye can move smoothly and easily over the garment.

• It ensures all points of interest are connected without jerking the eye from detail to detail.

• Rhythm by repetition– Elements are usually repeated or echoed e.g.

row of buttons, trim on collar and cuffs, the same color used several times.

• Rhythm by gradation– Gradual change in lines, shapes, color values

or textures within the design– The degree of change must be SMALL or a

jumpy, choppy effect will result.

Page 8: 1 Principles of Design © PDST Home Economics. 2 Remember… Harmony ELEMENTS OF DESIGN Colour Shape Line Texture Pattern TOOLS PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN Balance

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Rhythm

• Rhythm by radiation– Lines, shapes, colors, or textural folds inward

or outward from a central point or area.• Rhythm by transition

– Continuous line movement created by a line of shapes, colors, or textural trims e.g. princess seam lines, contrasting piping around the collar and down the center front to the hemline

Page 9: 1 Principles of Design © PDST Home Economics. 2 Remember… Harmony ELEMENTS OF DESIGN Colour Shape Line Texture Pattern TOOLS PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN Balance

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Rhythm byrepetition

Page 10: 1 Principles of Design © PDST Home Economics. 2 Remember… Harmony ELEMENTS OF DESIGN Colour Shape Line Texture Pattern TOOLS PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN Balance

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Rhythm by gradation

Light to Dark

Thin to Thick

Small to Large

Page 11: 1 Principles of Design © PDST Home Economics. 2 Remember… Harmony ELEMENTS OF DESIGN Colour Shape Line Texture Pattern TOOLS PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN Balance

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Rhythm by Radiation

Page 12: 1 Principles of Design © PDST Home Economics. 2 Remember… Harmony ELEMENTS OF DESIGN Colour Shape Line Texture Pattern TOOLS PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN Balance

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Rhythm by

Radiation

Page 13: 1 Principles of Design © PDST Home Economics. 2 Remember… Harmony ELEMENTS OF DESIGN Colour Shape Line Texture Pattern TOOLS PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN Balance

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Rhythm by transition

Page 14: 1 Principles of Design © PDST Home Economics. 2 Remember… Harmony ELEMENTS OF DESIGN Colour Shape Line Texture Pattern TOOLS PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN Balance

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Principles of Design

Emphasis• Draws the eye to a specific focal point and creates

interest - a point for the eye to rest on for a period of time.

• An outfit without a dominant point of interest appears uninteresting, boring, and unfinished.

• Emphasis may be created by buttons, neckline, waistline, etc.

• Emphasis of a feature can be increased by making the object larger, using colour, pattern, texture or lines.

Page 15: 1 Principles of Design © PDST Home Economics. 2 Remember… Harmony ELEMENTS OF DESIGN Colour Shape Line Texture Pattern TOOLS PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN Balance

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Emphasis

• Too much emphasis??

– Two or more focal points are distracting and confusing… the eye becomes overly stimulated.

– Other focal points may be present… but they must be less obvious than the main focal point. The eye notices them, does not rest there, but returns to the main focal point.

Page 16: 1 Principles of Design © PDST Home Economics. 2 Remember… Harmony ELEMENTS OF DESIGN Colour Shape Line Texture Pattern TOOLS PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN Balance

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Emphasis

Page 17: 1 Principles of Design © PDST Home Economics. 2 Remember… Harmony ELEMENTS OF DESIGN Colour Shape Line Texture Pattern TOOLS PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN Balance

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Principles of Design

Proportion/Scale

• Proportion involves the relationship of size between objects. It is the spatial relationship between line, colour, pattern, length and size.

• Elements seem to be an appropriate size for the space they fill.

• If proportions are harmonious the garment is in scale. Proportion and scale are connected to a person’s height and size - Small print looks better on a petite frame than a large print.

• A pattern in bold bright colours will be more dominating than a smaller one.

Page 18: 1 Principles of Design © PDST Home Economics. 2 Remember… Harmony ELEMENTS OF DESIGN Colour Shape Line Texture Pattern TOOLS PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN Balance

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Proportion/Scale

Page 19: 1 Principles of Design © PDST Home Economics. 2 Remember… Harmony ELEMENTS OF DESIGN Colour Shape Line Texture Pattern TOOLS PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN Balance

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And the result…Harmony

• A well-designed garment will have balance between proportion, emphasis, balance and rhythm.

• Everything in the garment should work well together - the design is seen as “whole”.

• Harmony is achieved through the sensitive balance of variety and unity.

Page 20: 1 Principles of Design © PDST Home Economics. 2 Remember… Harmony ELEMENTS OF DESIGN Colour Shape Line Texture Pattern TOOLS PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN Balance

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– VARIETY (Things that are different) – when the design has differences to create interest.

– UNITY (Things that are alike)– a sense of completeness, when nothing is missing, left out or undone.

• Use of lines, shapes, colors, textures and patterns with enough variety to avoid boredom, but not so much variety as to create conflict.

• Both can be overdone, the key is to balance both to achieve harmony.

Page 21: 1 Principles of Design © PDST Home Economics. 2 Remember… Harmony ELEMENTS OF DESIGN Colour Shape Line Texture Pattern TOOLS PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN Balance

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Harmony

• Is it harmony?• What do you think?

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How is harmony achieved?

• Unity: repetition of red and black

• Variety: texture below the skirt, flower above