1. presidents john f. kennedylyndon johnson richard nixon kennedy administration: 1961 to 1963...

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1. Presidents John F. Kennedy Lyndon Johnson Richard Nixon Kennedy Administration: 1961 to 1963 Kennedy barely defeated Richard Nixon Kennedy was a popular figure and set up U.S. involvement in Vietnam “New Frontier Put a man on the moon Cold War struggles: failed Bay of Pigs Invasion--April 1961 overthrow dictator Fidel Castro Cuban Missile Crisis--Oct. 1962 Build up to Vietnam--”domino theory Kennedy is Assassinated: Nov. 23, 1963 Lee Harvey Oswald

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Page 1: 1. Presidents John F. KennedyLyndon Johnson Richard Nixon Kennedy Administration: 1961 to 1963 Kennedy barely defeated Richard Nixon Kennedy was a popular

1. Presidents• John F. Kennedy Lyndon Johnson Richard Nixon

• Kennedy Administration: 1961 to 1963• Kennedy barely defeated Richard Nixon • Kennedy was a popular figure and set up U.S. involvement in

Vietnam •“New Frontier”

–Put a man on the moon• Cold War struggles:

•failed Bay of Pigs Invasion--April 1961–overthrow dictator Fidel Castro

•Cuban Missile Crisis--Oct. 1962•Build up to Vietnam--”domino theory”

• Kennedy is Assassinated: Nov. 23, 1963•Lee Harvey Oswald

Page 2: 1. Presidents John F. KennedyLyndon Johnson Richard Nixon Kennedy Administration: 1961 to 1963 Kennedy barely defeated Richard Nixon Kennedy was a popular

• LBJ’s Presidency: 1963 to 1969 • US in Vietnam War

• America wanted to maintain its influence in Asia. • stop the spread of Communism---containment

– Domino theory• economics: maintain trade markets in Asia• security: keep the balance of power in Asia• political: the political party in power could not "allow Vietnam to 'fall' to

the Communists.” • Gulf of Tonkin Incident, Aug. 1964

• Gulf Tonkin Resolution: Aug. 1964, Congress gives President Johnson a “blank check”

– U.S. troops 50,000 in 1965 to 500,000 in 1968.– VC used guerilla warfare---U.S. used

• Search and destroy missions• bombing

• Tet Offensive---Feb. 1968--NVN invades SVN• American people want out of Vietnam

– increased anti-war protests– counter culture

Page 3: 1. Presidents John F. KennedyLyndon Johnson Richard Nixon Kennedy Administration: 1961 to 1963 Kennedy barely defeated Richard Nixon Kennedy was a popular

• 1968 Presidential election: Major issues• Vietnam and anti-war movement– President Johnson withdraws because of war…. – Nixon won with only 43.4% of the popular vote.

• Nixon’s Presidency: 1969 to 1974• Nixon reduces U.S. involvement in Vietnam

•”Vietnamization” policy–return the war to the South Vietnamese

•anti-war protests----Kent State Massacre• 1972 election Nixon wins easily.• Paris Peace Accords signed 27 Jan 1973 by NV and US

•US troops withdraw by Mar ‘73• 1975, Saigon falls to NVN and SVN becomes

Communistic--------U.S. loses Vietnam War

Page 4: 1. Presidents John F. KennedyLyndon Johnson Richard Nixon Kennedy Administration: 1961 to 1963 Kennedy barely defeated Richard Nixon Kennedy was a popular

ThemesThemesThemesThemesCOLD WARCOLD WAR

A CONFIDENT NATIONA CONFIDENT NATION(1961 to 1963)(1961 to 1963)

A SHOCKED NATIONA SHOCKED NATION(1963 to 1964)(1963 to 1964)CIVIL RIGHTSCIVIL RIGHTS

A DIVIDED NATIONA DIVIDED NATION(1965 to 1970)(1965 to 1970)

COLD WARCOLD WARA CONFIDENT NATIONA CONFIDENT NATION

(1961 to 1963)(1961 to 1963)A SHOCKED NATIONA SHOCKED NATION

(1963 to 1964)(1963 to 1964)CIVIL RIGHTSCIVIL RIGHTS

A DIVIDED NATIONA DIVIDED NATION(1965 to 1970)(1965 to 1970)

Was the US a country near Was the US a country near collapse?collapse?

Was the US a country near Was the US a country near collapse?collapse?

THE STORMY 60’STHE STORMY 60’S

Page 5: 1. Presidents John F. KennedyLyndon Johnson Richard Nixon Kennedy Administration: 1961 to 1963 Kennedy barely defeated Richard Nixon Kennedy was a popular

collage

Page 6: 1. Presidents John F. KennedyLyndon Johnson Richard Nixon Kennedy Administration: 1961 to 1963 Kennedy barely defeated Richard Nixon Kennedy was a popular

•35th President of the U.S., 1961-63•Served in WWII•Senator from Massachusetts•Popular president

•35th President of the U.S., 1961-63•Served in WWII•Senator from Massachusetts•Popular president

ACHIEVEMENTS / EVENTS•New Frontier

•Space race---put a man on the moon

•Berlin Wall built

•Alliance for Progress and Peace Corp

•Cuban Missile Crisis

•U.S. involvement in Vietnam

•Negotiates first nuclear test ban treaty with Soviets

•Assassinated, Nov. 1963 by Lee Harvey Oswald?

Page 7: 1. Presidents John F. KennedyLyndon Johnson Richard Nixon Kennedy Administration: 1961 to 1963 Kennedy barely defeated Richard Nixon Kennedy was a popular

•50% of the nation is under 25 in the census of 1960.•Many believed that the US was losing the Cold War to the Russians.•Kennedy’s election marks a change in power from the older generation to the WWII generation.•The youth of the nation is full of idealism.

Page 8: 1. Presidents John F. KennedyLyndon Johnson Richard Nixon Kennedy Administration: 1961 to 1963 Kennedy barely defeated Richard Nixon Kennedy was a popular

The De-Colonization of European Empires

The De-Colonization of European Empires

Page 9: 1. Presidents John F. KennedyLyndon Johnson Richard Nixon Kennedy Administration: 1961 to 1963 Kennedy barely defeated Richard Nixon Kennedy was a popular

The first televised presidential debates in US History took place

between John Kennedy and Richard Nixon

The first televised presidential debates in US History took place

between John Kennedy and Richard Nixon

These debates impacted how the presidency would be perceived by Americans.

These debates impacted how the presidency would be perceived by Americans.

Page 10: 1. Presidents John F. KennedyLyndon Johnson Richard Nixon Kennedy Administration: 1961 to 1963 Kennedy barely defeated Richard Nixon Kennedy was a popular

John Kennedy

Won a close and disputed election.

Youngest president to be elected.

43 years of age.

Page 11: 1. Presidents John F. KennedyLyndon Johnson Richard Nixon Kennedy Administration: 1961 to 1963 Kennedy barely defeated Richard Nixon Kennedy was a popular

Text of Inaugural AddressThe world is very different now. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God

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Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this Nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.

 

Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty. This much we pledge and more.

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Let us never negotiate out of fear. But let us never fear to negotiate.

Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us.Let both sides, for the first time, formulate serious and precise proposals for the inspection and control of arms and bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations. Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors. Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths, and encourage the arts and commerce. All this will not be finished in the first 100 days. Nor will it be finished in the first 1,000 days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. But let us begin.In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than in mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course

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Text of Inaugural Address

In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger. I do not shrink from this responsibility I welcome it. I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve I and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you ask what you can do for your country. My fellow citizens of the world: ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man.

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The Kennedy Mystique• Kennedy wins presidency in close

election• Critics argue his smooth style lacks

substance• Kennedy White House known as

Camelot for its glamour, culture, wit• First Lady admired for her elegance;

constant articles about family

The Camelot Years

The Best and the Brightest• JFK’s advisers called “the best

and the brightest”• Brother Robert Kennedy named

attorney general

KENNEDY PRESIDENCYKENNEDY PRESIDENCY

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John Fitzgerald KennedyFamily Man

John Fitzgerald KennedyFamily Man

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Kennedy's New Frontier Domestic Program

•Federal funding for education•Medical care for the elderly•Government intervention to halt the recession with tax cuts. •End to racial discrimination.

•Established•Alliance for Peace and Peace Corps to help Third World countries•President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity to end racial discrimination in hiring of govt employees.

New Frontier impossible to complete•Due to conservative Congress. •Disappointed many civil rights activists = feared splitting Democratic Party.•New Frontier ideas led to President Johnson's "Great Society"

Kennedy's New Frontier Domestic Program

•Federal funding for education•Medical care for the elderly•Government intervention to halt the recession with tax cuts. •End to racial discrimination.

•Established•Alliance for Peace and Peace Corps to help Third World countries•President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity to end racial discrimination in hiring of govt employees.

New Frontier impossible to complete•Due to conservative Congress. •Disappointed many civil rights activists = feared splitting Democratic Party.•New Frontier ideas led to President Johnson's "Great Society"

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Kennedy’s Domestic ProgramsKennedy’s Domestic Programs

• In a speech early in his presidency, Kennedy said that the nation was poised at the edge of a “New Frontier.”

• This phrase came to refer to Kennedy’s proposals to improve the economy, assist the poor, and speed up the space program.

• ordering a federal investigation into steel price fixing• proposed a large tax cut. (not approved)• Many of Kennedy’s proposals aimed to combat poverty and inequality.

Although some were rejected by Congress, others were passed. • These included an increase in the minimum wage, funding for urban

renewal, abolishment of poll taxes, and the Equal Pay Act, which required all employees doing the same work in the same workplace to receive equal wages.

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Other Kennedy InitiativesOther Kennedy Initiatives

Although Kennedy served a shortened presidency, he was able to initiate a variety of

programs, including:

Although Kennedy served a shortened presidency, he was able to initiate a variety of

programs, including:• Improved surplus food to unemployed Americans• Largest defense buildup in peacetime history• Help to communities plagued by long-term unemployment• Extension of Social Security benefits• Expansion of National Park System• Doubling of federal resources combating water pollution• Construction of the world’s largest nuclear power plant• Tightening of food and drug laws• Encouragement of free trade• Signing of the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty• Changes in the welfare system• Creation of first federal program to address juvenile delinquency

Page 20: 1. Presidents John F. KennedyLyndon Johnson Richard Nixon Kennedy Administration: 1961 to 1963 Kennedy barely defeated Richard Nixon Kennedy was a popular

The Space ProgramThe Space Program

• The Soviet Union’s launch of the Sputnik satellite in 1957 inspired the United States to work toward placing a manned spacecraft in orbit.

• In April 1961, Soviet astronaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to travel in space. Americans worried that their technology was falling behind that of the Soviet Union.

• Funding for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was increased. In 1961 and 1962, American astronauts made initial space flights.

• On July 20, 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the moon.

Wernher von Braun explains the Saturn system to President John F. Kennedy at Launch Complex 37.

Page 21: 1. Presidents John F. KennedyLyndon Johnson Richard Nixon Kennedy Administration: 1961 to 1963 Kennedy barely defeated Richard Nixon Kennedy was a popular

The Space ProgramThe Space Program

•U.S. Astronaut John H. Glenn, Jr., standing in front of the spacecraft Friendship 7.

•First astronaut to orbit the earth’s surface 3 times.

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Alliance for Peace statistics

in Latin America.

Alliance for Peace statistics

in Latin America.

Page 25: 1. Presidents John F. KennedyLyndon Johnson Richard Nixon Kennedy Administration: 1961 to 1963 Kennedy barely defeated Richard Nixon Kennedy was a popular

A “Marshall Plan” for Latin America?A “Marshall Plan” for Latin America?A “Marshall Plan” for Latin America?A “Marshall Plan” for Latin America?

Our continents arc bound together by a common history-the endless exploration of new frontiers. Our nations are the product of a common struggle -the revolt from colonial rule. And our people share a common heritage - the quest for the dignity and the freedom of man. . . .JFK March 1961

• Poverty and corruption in Latin America • Kennedy wants to thwart communist expansion in

Latin America• Alliance for Progress

– $20 billion aid for better schools, housing and health care

– Designed to counter leftist movementso Chile, Colombia, Venezuela, and Central

America benefited

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Kennedy’s Enduring Legacy: The Peace Corps

Kennedy’s Enduring Legacy: The Peace Corps

• Helping the people of interested countries in meeting their needs for trained men and women.

• Helping promote a better understanding of Americans on the part of the peoples served.

• Helping promote a better understanding of other peoples on the part of all Americans.

http://www.jfklibrary.org/Asset-Viewer/Bp-WV6bx-0K7IKZ0Dx4aYA.aspx

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Kennedy: the Pragmatist

Kennedy: the Pragmatist

• Less of Ike’s “brinkmanship” and more“flexible response”• more conventional troops and

weapons– Support of Special Forces“Green Berets”

Page 33: 1. Presidents John F. KennedyLyndon Johnson Richard Nixon Kennedy Administration: 1961 to 1963 Kennedy barely defeated Richard Nixon Kennedy was a popular

A New Military PolicyDefining a Military Strategy• JFK believes must redefine nation’s nuclear strategy• Flexible response—fight conventional wars, keep

nuclear arms balanced• JFK increases defense spending in three areas:

- strengthens conventional forces- creates army Special Forces (Green Berets)- triples nuclear capabilities

NEXT

KENNEDY FOREIGN POLICYKENNEDY FOREIGN POLICY

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Crisis over Berlin

The Berlin Crisis• By 1961 20% of Germans flee to West Berlin; economic drain on

East• Khrushchev wants to close access roads to West Berlin; JFK

refuses• Soviets isolate West Berlin from East Germany with Berlin Wall

NEXT

KENNEDY FOREIGN POLICYKENNEDY FOREIGN POLICY

Searching for Ways to Ease Tensions• Khrushchev, Kennedy conscious of danger of quick decisions• Establish hot line—direct phone between White House, Kremlin• Limited Test Ban Treaty bans nuclear tests in atmosphere

Page 36: 1. Presidents John F. KennedyLyndon Johnson Richard Nixon Kennedy Administration: 1961 to 1963 Kennedy barely defeated Richard Nixon Kennedy was a popular
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Taking advantage of a demoralized

US after the failed Bay of Pigs invasion and the

U-2 spy plane incident,

Khruschev orders Allies out of West

Berlin….

Taking advantage of a demoralized

US after the failed Bay of Pigs invasion and the

U-2 spy plane incident,

Khruschev orders Allies out of West

Berlin….

Page 38: 1. Presidents John F. KennedyLyndon Johnson Richard Nixon Kennedy Administration: 1961 to 1963 Kennedy barely defeated Richard Nixon Kennedy was a popular

BERLIN WALLBERLIN WALL

A young woman and her boyfriend talking to the woman’s mother, who is on the east side of the Berlin Wall (1962).

Page 39: 1. Presidents John F. KennedyLyndon Johnson Richard Nixon Kennedy Administration: 1961 to 1963 Kennedy barely defeated Richard Nixon Kennedy was a popular

•1961, Soviet Union built the Berlin Wall to force Allies out of West Berlin. Became a symbol of the Cold War.

Berlin would by be a divided city.

Page 40: 1. Presidents John F. KennedyLyndon Johnson Richard Nixon Kennedy Administration: 1961 to 1963 Kennedy barely defeated Richard Nixon Kennedy was a popular

•Families and friends found themselves

separated and most Berliners were lucky

just to establish visual contact over

the Wall.

•Stretching for more than 100 miles, escape was virtually impossible because of mines, attack dogs and armed

guards with shoot-to-kill orders.

Page 41: 1. Presidents John F. KennedyLyndon Johnson Richard Nixon Kennedy Administration: 1961 to 1963 Kennedy barely defeated Richard Nixon Kennedy was a popular

•At least 2.7 million people attempted to escape by climbing, vaulting, tunneling or crashing through

checkpoints. Others attempted to swim the canals or stow away in cargo shipped across the border.

Page 42: 1. Presidents John F. KennedyLyndon Johnson Richard Nixon Kennedy Administration: 1961 to 1963 Kennedy barely defeated Richard Nixon Kennedy was a popular

•Unsuccessful attempts resulted in death, mostly at the hands of East German guards. Official figures show that more than 400 people have died trying to escape from

East Germany; human rights activists, however, estimate the figure to be closer to 800.

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Kennedy/wall

President Kennedy speaking to West Berliners urging the Soviets to tear down the Berlin Wall.

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Berlin Wall June 1961

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Page 46: 1. Presidents John F. KennedyLyndon Johnson Richard Nixon Kennedy Administration: 1961 to 1963 Kennedy barely defeated Richard Nixon Kennedy was a popular

On the evening of Nov. 9, 1989, restrictions between the two Berlins were lifted. Celebrations around the world culminated with Germany being

reunified as one country on Oct. 3, 1990.

On the evening of Nov. 9, 1989, restrictions between the two Berlins were lifted. Celebrations around the world culminated with Germany being

reunified as one country on Oct. 3, 1990.

Page 47: 1. Presidents John F. KennedyLyndon Johnson Richard Nixon Kennedy Administration: 1961 to 1963 Kennedy barely defeated Richard Nixon Kennedy was a popular

This event symbolized the end of the Cold War and the beginning of the end to communism.

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Page 49: 1. Presidents John F. KennedyLyndon Johnson Richard Nixon Kennedy Administration: 1961 to 1963 Kennedy barely defeated Richard Nixon Kennedy was a popular

Crises over Cuba

The Cuban Dilemma• Revolutionary leader Fidel Castro declares

himself communist- seizes U.S. properties; Eisenhower cuts off diplomatic relations

• 10% of Cuban population goes into exile; mostly to U.S.

NEXT

Continued . . .

KENNEDY FOREIGN POLICYKENNEDY FOREIGN POLICY

The Bay of Pigs• Cuban exiles, CIA plan invasion to topple Castro• Plans go wrong; exile forces killed, taken prisoner• JFK pays ransom in food, medicine; mission is

public embarrassment

Page 50: 1. Presidents John F. KennedyLyndon Johnson Richard Nixon Kennedy Administration: 1961 to 1963 Kennedy barely defeated Richard Nixon Kennedy was a popular

•CIA operative to overthrow Fidel Castro’s dictatorship

•U.S. feared Castro was becoming an ally with the

Soviet Union.

•Failed invasion of Cuba in April of 1961.

•Embarrassment for President Kennedy because

the U.S. tried to cover up their involvement.

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NEXT

Crises over Cuba

The Cuban Missile Crisis• Nikita Khrushchev sends weapons to

Cuba, including nuclear missiles • JFK warns Soviets that missile attack will

trigger war on U.S.S.R.• Soviets avoid confrontation at sea; reach

agreement with U.S.

Kennedy and Khrushchev Take the Heat• Khrushchev’s prestige severely damaged in U.S.S.R.• JFK criticized for brinkmanship, also for not ousting Castro• Cuban exiles switch to GOP; Castro bans flights to and from

Miami

KENNEDY FOREIGN POLICYKENNEDY FOREIGN POLICY

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Major countries and leaders involved

US President Kennedy

Cuba Fidel Castro

Soviet Union Nikta Khrushchev

Page 59: 1. Presidents John F. KennedyLyndon Johnson Richard Nixon Kennedy Administration: 1961 to 1963 Kennedy barely defeated Richard Nixon Kennedy was a popular

•This U-2 reconnaissance photo showed concrete evidence of missile This U-2 reconnaissance photo showed concrete evidence of missile assembly in Cuba. Shown here are missile transporters and missile-assembly in Cuba. Shown here are missile transporters and missile-ready tents where fueling and maintenance took place.ready tents where fueling and maintenance took place.Courtesy of Courtesy of

CIACIA

cuban missile2

Page 60: 1. Presidents John F. KennedyLyndon Johnson Richard Nixon Kennedy Administration: 1961 to 1963 Kennedy barely defeated Richard Nixon Kennedy was a popular

•Low altitude view of missile preparation area. The pilot taking this shot flew at an altitude of about 250 feet, and at the speed of sound.

cuban missile2

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cuban missile2

Photographed from an RF-101 Voodoo, this view of a Soviet SA-2 (surface-to-air) missile pattern provided additional evidence of the Russian arming of

Cuba.

Page 65: 1. Presidents John F. KennedyLyndon Johnson Richard Nixon Kennedy Administration: 1961 to 1963 Kennedy barely defeated Richard Nixon Kennedy was a popular

•The crisis developed as the U.S. demanded the Soviets to dismantle missiles in Cuba or the U.S. would

invade Cuba.

Page 66: 1. Presidents John F. KennedyLyndon Johnson Richard Nixon Kennedy Administration: 1961 to 1963 Kennedy barely defeated Richard Nixon Kennedy was a popular

•Soviets refused to dismantle

missile sites unless

U.S. dismantled

missile sites in Turkey.

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cuban missile2Adlai Stevenson shows aerial photos of Cuban missiles to

the United Nations in November 1962.

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cuban missile2

President Kennedy in the Oval Office with General Curtis LeMay and reconnaissance pilots who flew the Cuban

missions. Third from the left is Major Richard Heyser who took the first photos of Cuban missiles.

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•U.S. and Soviets prepared for war…..U.S. placed a U.S. and Soviets prepared for war…..U.S. placed a blockade around Cuba and warned Soviets not to blockade around Cuba and warned Soviets not to

break through the blockade. The Soviets sent their break through the blockade. The Soviets sent their Naval fleet to protect Cuba.Naval fleet to protect Cuba.

cuban missile2

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•Last minute decision made: Soviets would Last minute decision made: Soviets would dismantle missile sites in Cuba in return for U.S.not dismantle missile sites in Cuba in return for U.S.not

invading Cuba.invading Cuba.

•U.S. would later dismantle missile sites in U.S. would later dismantle missile sites in Turkey…..Not part of original deal.Turkey…..Not part of original deal.

cuban missile2

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•Kennedy and Khruschev both

realized how close they came to nuclear war.

•The “monster” of nuclear war must never be released.

•Both leaders vowed to better communicate

with one another.

•US and Soviet Union would sign their first nuclear arms limitation treaty in 1963.

•Kennedy and Khruschev both

realized how close they came to nuclear war.

•The “monster” of nuclear war must never be released.

•Both leaders vowed to better communicate

with one another.

•US and Soviet Union would sign their first nuclear arms limitation treaty in 1963.

Page 74: 1. Presidents John F. KennedyLyndon Johnson Richard Nixon Kennedy Administration: 1961 to 1963 Kennedy barely defeated Richard Nixon Kennedy was a popular

Vietnam, Laos and Advisors The United States would

increase the level of its military involvement in South Vietnam through more machinery and advisers,

JFK: 16,000 military advisers in Vietnam.

run the war from Washington without the large-scale introduction of American combat troops.

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Why were we involved in the 1st Place? The Second Indochina War, 1954-1975, conflict between France and Vietnam. July 1954, after one hundred years of colonial rule, France

was forced to leave Vietnam. Nationalist forces trounced the allied French troops at

Dien Bien Phu French could no longer maintain their colonies and quickly

sued for peace. Geneva Peace accords: Split Vietnam at 17th Parallel

North Vietnam (Communists) South Vietnam, supposed free elections in 1955

USSR/China influenced North Vietnam (DRV)– Ho Chi Minh

US influenced South Vietnam (GVN)– Ngo Dinh Diem, asked for US assistance to stop spread

of Communism, assassinated in 1963

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• "You can kill 10 of my men for every one I kill of yours, yet even at those odds, you will lose and I will win.“ Ho Chi Minh

Assassination of Diem in November of 1963

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The Warren CourtActivist court dedicated to extending and protecting rights

The Warren CourtActivist court dedicated to extending and protecting rights

• .• Mapp v. Ohio-1961 – Search and Seizure

– created the "exclusionary rule" which makes illegally obtained evidence inadmissible in court. This ruling upheld the principles of the fourth amendment.

• Katz v. United States – 1961- Wiretapping– ruled in favor of Katz, stating the Fourth Amendment allowed for the protection of a person and not just

a person's property against illegal searches, no wiretaps

• Gideon v. Wainright - 1963 – Right to Counsel– The Court ruled that all citizens must be provided a lawyer if they cannot afford one. This is regardless

of the type of crime.

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lbj sworn in

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lbj sworn in

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Dallas, Texas: November 1963

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lbj sworn in

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Kennedy Is AssassinatedKennedy Is Assassinated

• On November 22, 1963, Kennedy was shot while riding in an open limousine through Dallas, Texas.

• traveled to Texas for support for his upcoming reelection campaign.

• Shots fired from the sixth-floor window of the empty Texas School Book Depository mortally wounded Kennedy.

• The prime suspect in Kennedy’s murder, Lee Harvey Oswald, was murdered by a man named Jack Ruby two days later.

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Polaroid photograph of the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, taken one-sixth of a second after the fatal head shot.

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Lee Harvey Oswald, “the lone gunman”, killed JFK……..Oswald murdered by Jack Ruby two days after

JFK’s murder…..

Lee Harvey Oswald, “the lone gunman”, killed JFK……..Oswald murdered by Jack Ruby two days after

JFK’s murder…..

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lbj sworn in

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• President Johnson appointed The President’s Commission on the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy,– Aka: Warren Commission

• The Warren Commission determined that Oswald had acted alone.

• theories that Oswald and Ruby had belonged to a conspiracy persisted.

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Johnson’s Response to the AssassinationJohnson’s Response to the Assassination

• "This is a sad time for all people. We have suffered a loss that cannot be weighed. For me it is a deep personal tragedy. I know the world shares the sorrow that Mrs. Kennedy and her family bear. I will do my best. That is all I can do. I ask for your help - and God's."

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assassination3

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The Assassination

“All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days,nor in the first one thousand days, nor in the life of this administration. Nor

even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. But let us begin” - JFK.