1 place/home in universe amsterdam 2009 pbsp & attachment theory comparative exercise s tudy...
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PLACE/HOME IN UNIVERSEAmsterdam 2009
PBSP & Attachment TheoryComparative Exercise Study
Petra Vrtbovská Ph.D. Natama – Institute for Family Care Development, Prague
Project is supported by Teresa Maxova Foundation Prague
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WHAT WILL BE COVERED?
Method: Comparison of some phenomenological issues in AT and PBSP
PLACE, our HOME, in our mind and bodyAttachment Theory Basics & PBSPCircle of Trust & Shape – Counter-shapeEarly development (0 – 3 - 5), implicit memory
and its impact on „place – home“Attachment disorders in PBSP structures
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Within two (or more) referential frameworks:
Helps to discover phenomenological equivalents and similarities
Helps to discover fundamental differences
COMPARATIVE APPROACH
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TWO FRAMEWORKS
PBSP focuses on and defines :
Developmental needs and importance of interactive fulfillment of them
Principle of „interactive need satisfaction“
Consequences of deficits, trauma and holes in roles
Special effective therapy, which uses „Ideal Parents“ in order to change the impact of these consequences
ATTACHMENT THEORY and derived therapeutic practice focuses on and defines:
Importance of primary care giver (parental figure) for healthy development of personality (including neurobiology)
Principle of need satisfaction process
Disorders caused by neglect, abuse, trauma in early age
„Healthy Parenting Model“ as a healing tool for children and adults
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MAIN FOCUS TODAY
ATTACHMENT THEORY:AttachmentCircle of Trust, Circle of ShameAttachment disorders & therapy (DDP)
PBSPBasic needs – PlaceShape – counter-shape PBSP therapy and attachment disorders
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PLACE/„home“ in UNIVERSE
„The uterus is a place, which literally sustains and respects the child inside. Defines its location and identity. On a symbolic level, the place is in the heart of parents or care givers. Then in the stage of autonomy and self-reliance, we have place in our mind and body. We are „at home“ in our own mind and body…“
Albert Pesso„ One can sit in a beautiful garden and feel
desperation, fear, sadness, hopelessness…. As well one can feel very content, calm and hopeful in rather deserted places…“
His Holiness Dalajlama
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SUMARY OF ATTACHMENT THEORY
John Bowlby (1907 – 1990)Genetically based importance of a „mother
figure“ and relationship between a child and a „mother“
AttachmentSecure BaseInner Working Model
Mary Ainsworth (1913 – 1999)Strange situation (diagnosis – research)
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„ATTACHMENT“ PHENOMENON I
(c) 2009 Center For Family Development www.Center4FamilyDevelop.com 716-810-0790
How Does Attachment Develop?
1. Need
2. Meet Need
3. Gratificationor Relief
4. Trust
EriksonEriksonTrust vs. Trust vs. MistrustMistrust
Necessary I nput:(a) Eye Contact(b) Touch(c) Movement(d) Smiles“L
OVE”
The First Year of Life CycleThe First Year of Life Cycle
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„ATTACHMENT“ PHENOMENON II
„Attachment“ is an in born system in the brain that evolves in ways that influence and organize motivational, emotional, and memory processes with respect to significant caregivers“
„Repeated experiences become encoded in implicit memory (RH) as expectations and mental models…“ (Daniel J. Siegel)
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ENERGY-ACTION-INTERACTION-MEANING in a circle shape…
ENERGY ACTION
MEANING INTERACTION
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„ATTACHMENT“ PHENOMENON III
(c) 2009 Center For Family Development www.Center4FamilyDevelop.com 716-810-0790
Shame CycleRelationship in Sync
Child Transgresses
Parent repairs relationship
Child feels good
EriksonEriksonAutonomy v Autonomy v
ShameShameParent acts
sets limit
Child feels Shame
Child makes amends
Child feels Overwhelming shame
Abuse/neglect &No Repair
NegativeWorking Model
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TWO FRAMEWORKS
Pesso Developmental needs have to
be fulfilled at the right time, with the right people in a right way…
Memory of good experiences
Memory of deficits, trauma, holes in roles…
Bowlby It is important that (1) the
child's needs are satisfied and (2) the way they are
satisfied. By attuned, sensitive caregiver, the same loving safe person.
It creates a relationship between the carer and the child, this relationship is encoded as healthy „attachment pattern“ - secure base
Bad care is then encoded as a distorted relationship - attachment disorders…
The Developing Brain = Embodied Experience of Care
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Encoding in early age… RH
„Self-awareness, empathy, intersubjective processes are largely dependent upon… right hemisphere resources, which are first to develop.“ (Decenty, Chaminade Consciousness and Cognition, 2003)
„Unconscious right brain implicit self now described as „ a cohesive active mental structure that continuously appraises life's experiences and responds according to its scheme of interpretation.“ (Alan Schore, 2003)
Emotions = Meaning Memory of meaning Implicit memory , implicit „I“ = meaning of self
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THE TREE METAPHORE
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SECURE & INSECURE ATTACHMENT
Ainsworth: Secure attachment Insecure attachment:1. Avoidant, anxious2. AmbivalentMain, Hess: Disorganized- disoriented attachmentDSM – IV (USA)Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)Boston Group (Bessel van der Kolk…) Complex Developmental Trauma (CDT)
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ATTACHMENT in ADULTHOODChild attachment pattern
Adult state of mind with respect to attachment
Secure Secure/autonomous
Coherent, collaborative, valuing of attachment, objective
Avoidant DismissingNot coherent, dismissing attachment related experiences, normalizing, generalizing, brief, „emotionless“
Ambivalent Preoccupied
Not coherent, preoccupied, angry, passive, fearful, long tangled speech, irrelevant
Disorganized-disoriented
Unresolved/disorganized
Striking lapse in speech, reasoning, discourse
Base for serious personality disorders
Insecure attachments- what do we see?
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SECURE – INSECURE PLACE in UNIVERSE
„Children grow up with dominant experiences of separation, distress, fear and rage, then they will go down not just bad psychological pathway but a bad neurological pathway.“ (Watt, 2003)
„Sickness, insanity and death were the dark angels standing guard at my cradle and they have followed me throughout my life.“ (Edward Munch)
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BOTANICAL GARDEN
Taking our place with us everywhere…
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REACTIVE ATTACHMENT DISORDER (RAD) & CDT
RAD (is not just a disorder…)
It is a psychiatric diagnosis (USA, DSM – IV- R)Marked disturbed and developmentally
inappropriate social relatedness starting before 5 years
Excessively inhibited, hypervigilant, or highly ambivalent and contradictory responses to people, indiscriminative friendliness
History of pathological care
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CDT - Complex Developmental trauma(Boston Group – Bessel van der Kolk)
Refers to the affects of early, chronic maltreatment in care-giving relationship
7 DOMAINS:1. Attachment (relational boundaries, lack of trust, social
isolation, difficulty to attune with others, lack of secure base)
2. Biology 3. Emotional regulation4. Dissociation5. Behavioral regulation6. Cognition7. Self-Concept
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Attachment based therapy approach
For developmentally traumatized children/ adults:
Dyadic developmental Psychotherapy (Daniel A. Hughes)Therapist – parent relationshipHealthy parent – child relationship
Rehabilitation of attachment relationship with a new safe adult (therapist) via relationship here and now.
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PBSP – comprehensive framework
PBSP describes and shows how parental care works on multidimensional level in all developmental phases
Memories of the process of shape – counter-shape and meaning are being stored through the whole childhood
The patterns „form“ the whole „model of autonomy“ of the person (PV)
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Does PBSP touch on attachment?
PBSP structure is from the AT point of view an unique „tool“, as
Within a structure session, the clients brain opens different phases of development, explicit as well as implicit memories of events, relations to carers and „self“.
The healing is done right „then“ with an „ideal attachment figures“.
It is working with memory layers (tree skins)
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HORIZONS & PRACTICE of PBSP with Attachment issues
Attachment disorder = overwhelming SHAME Clients with attachment disorders in PBSPCan PBSP heal attachment disorders and
complex trauma? PBSP and help for parents – healthy parenting
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PBSP and AT disorders, RAD, CDT
Practical outcomes for future work…
Research to evidence effectiveness of PBSP based on established attachment research
(AAP – Adult Attachment protocol)
PBSP introduced as an effective therapy for AT disorder based psychological problems