1 phylum platyhelminthes zoology wchs. 2 phylum platyhelminthes flat worms triploblastic= 3 tissue...
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Phylum Platyhelminthes
Zoology WCHS
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Phylum Platyhelminthes• Flat worms• Triploblastic= 3 tissue
layers• Acoelomate• Bilateral symmetry• Hermaphroditic• 1 opening for digestion• Simple nervous and
muscular systems• Flame cells• May be free living or
parasitic• CEPHALIZATION
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AcoelomateAcoelomate
EctodermMesodermEndoderm
Digestive cavity is the only inner cavity
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Phylum Platyhelminthes: Class Turbellaria
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Acoelomate
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Other Body Plans:PseudocoelomateOther Body Plans:Pseudocoelomate
EctodermMesodermEndodermFluid filled cavity between the endoderm and ectoderm- pseudocoelom
Differs from a true coelom because…. • It is not entirely lined with mesoderm tissue• Organs are not suspended or attached to membranes
(mesenteries)
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Other Body Plans:Coelomate
Other Body Plans:Coelomate
EctodermMesodermEndoderm
Epithelial lined cavity between digestive tract and body wall
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Flatworm Body Systems
• No Circulatory or Respiratory systems- simple diffusion through body wall
Systems Present-• Digestive• Nervous • Excretory • Reproductive
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Flatworm Body Systems:Digestive
Incomplete-• mouth • pharynx (to swallow
food) • intestine(no anus)
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Nervous System
Lateral nerve cord
Eye spot= detects light
anterior ganglion
transverse nerve cord
sensory receptors
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Cephalization=“Primitive Brain”Cephalization=“Primitive Brain”
Auricle
Cerebral ganglion
Pairednerve cords
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Excretory System
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- Gets rid of nitrogenous wastes
- protonephridia- first kidney
Components:- Flame cells- Excretory
ducts/tubes- pores
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Reproductive System • Sexual and asexual
reproduction sexual- eggs + sperm asexual- regeneration
• Hermaphrodites- both male (penis and testis)
and female organs(vagina and ovary)
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Kingdom AnimaliaPhylum PlatyhelminthesClasses:
TurbellariaTrematodaCestoda
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Class Turbellaria
• Most free-living• Aquatic• Eye spots• Regenerate if cut
in two• Ex. Planaria
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Planarians
• Free-living flatworm • bilateral symmetry• Lives in fresh water
usually under leaves and rocks
• Usually feeds on dead or slow moving organisms
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Planarian Reproduction
Reproduction:• Sexually:
hermaphrodites
• Asexually: can regenerate missing body parts (called fission)
What would happen ????
Detaches its tail end and each half regrows the lost parts
each Planaria gives and receives sperm
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Planarians: body structures• Nervous/sensory system: Brain-like structure• Nerve cord: carries impulses down body• Eyespots: sense light and dark• Sensory pits: line sides of head to aid in
movement and sensing surroundings• Flame Cells: remove excess water and
nitrogenous wastes
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Planarians: body structuresDigestive/excretory system
• Mouth: located in center of ventral side
• Pharynx: tube like structure which extends from mouth during feeding; acts like a straw sucking up food and carrying it to body
• Food enters mouth and solid wastes exit mouth
eyespot
ganglion
Gastrovascular cavity
Mouth pharynx
Flame cells
ganglion
Nerve cord
LABEL YOUR PLANARIAN!!!
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Class Trematoda• Parasites• Holdfast devices
– Endoparasites• Complex life cycle- larval
stage in one or more hosts
Primary host-juvenile/larva stage-
sexual reproduction
Secondary host- adult stage, asexual reproduction
Ex. Blood and liver flukes
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FlukesBlood fluke life cycle:• Eggs are released in water
from wastes of infected host• Hatch in to swimming larvae
in water• Larvae enter a host (like a
snail) where they develop & mature
• Enter water again and bore into skin of new host (man)
• From the blood stream they bore into intestines where they attach and feed on blood
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Schistosoma
• Blood flukes• 200 million people• 1 million deaths/year
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Life Cycle of a Schistosome Fluke
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Schistosome
• Cercaria have forked tail
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Swimmers Itch
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Clonorchis sinensishuman liver fluke
Oral sucker
Intestine
Uterus
Yolk gland
Testes
Ovary
Seminal recepticle
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Clonorchis sinensis
• Chinese liver fluke• 50 million people• Cirrhosis of liver• Diarrhea• Edema• Pain
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Fascioloa hepatica
• Sheep liver fluke• Sheep, cattle and
man– Weight loss
• Eat contaminated vegetation
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Life Cycle of the Sheep Liver Fluke
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Paragonimus westermani
• Lung fluke• Carnivores, pigs,
rodents and man• May be fatal
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Class Cestoda: “cess pool”
• Tape worms• All parasitic• Live in intestines of
vertebrates• No digestive system• 40 feet long
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Tapeworm structures• Scolex= head• hooks and suckers to
aid in attachment to intestine
• Proglottids: individual parts of worm– Each one is detachable– Each proglottid may
contain up to 100,000 eggs which fall off when full
– When released, they exit with the host’s wastes
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Tapeworm life cycle• Eggs hatch in intestines of
intermediate host (pig or cow)• Young worms burrow out of
intestine into pig’s muscle tissue forming cysts
• Secondary host (man) eats undercooked/raw meat containing worm larvae cysts
• Larvae hatch and mature in intestines
• Attach to intestines, soak up digested food of host
• May enter bloodstream and infect other tissues
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Scolex
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Proglottid
Uterus
Testes
Ovary
Yolk gland
Vas deferens
Seminal receptacle
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Pork Tapeworm (Taenia solium)
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Taenia saginata
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Source: Redrawn From Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA.
Life Cycle of the Broad Fish Tapeworm
Diphyllobothrium latum
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Dipylidium caninum
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Echinococcus granulosus
• Parasite of dogs– Host
• Juveniles in sheep, man and other mammals– Intermediate host
• Hydatid cyst
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Hydatid Cyst
• Cysticercus – Juvenile stage
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• Adult stage in dog
Ecinococcus granulosus
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