1. pencemaran laut -...
TRANSCRIPT
DEFINISI
Pencemaran :
kejadian dan masukan limbah dan dampak dari
limbah tersebut terhadap lingkungan
Pencemaran Laut :
“the introduction by humans into the marine
environment, directly or indirectly, of substances or
energy that can lead to deleterious effects on e.g.
biological systems, human health, fisheries, or reduce
the quality of the environment for use by the leisure
industry”
TIPE POLUTAN
Buangan limbah material
yang mengandung karbon
Nutrien * pada
konsentrasi tinggi
Logam berat *
Hidrokarbon *
Komponen organik sintetik
Plastik
Radio-nuclida
Heat
SUMBER POLUTAN
Domestic effluents
Industrial effluents [direct
(outfalls) and indirect (e.g. via
atmosphere)]
Ship origin (sinking tankers,
washing tanks, anti-fouling agents
etc)
Non-Point Source Pollution –
comes from many sources
Point-Source Pollution –
one specific source
Non point source
Sebagian
besar
pencemaran
di laut
merupakan
non point
source
Bermuara ke laut
Runoff dari pertanian dan alami
Aktivitas manusia di
sungai & laut
Aktivitas manusia di darat
Point source Trash dumping
Sludge dumping
Oil spills
Sludge from raw sewage dumped into oceans
http://coastalcare.org/2009/11/pl
astic-pollution/
Clean-up is still difficult
But easier than non-point source
pollution
AKIBAT POLUTAN
Toksisitas pada tubuh
Efek sub-lethal
Bioakumulasi pada jaring makanan
FATE POLUTAN DI LAUT
(Harrison, 2001)
FATE POLUTAN DI LAUT
Sumber :
River runoff
Atmospheric deposition
Anthropogenic pathways : dumping, deliberate coastal
discharge, offshore operational discharge
(Harrison, 2001)
Circulation
patterns :
transport
via marine
circulation
system
(Harrison, 2001)
Sea water
reactivity :
Biochemical
Process
(Harrison, 2001)
Polutan masuk ke laut
Sirkulasi transpor laut
Proses removaloleh sistem biogeokimia
Terdeposit ke sedimen
Mempengaruhi organisme, air dan sedimen
OKSIGEN
PENTING ????
o Elemen kimia penting di air
o Digunakan secara cepat untuk oksidasi
Biochemical oxygen demand (or
biological oxygen demand), BOD
Tingkat oksigen yang digunakan/dikonsumsi
mikroorganisme untuk melakukan oksidasi :
Hubungan oksigen dan Polutan ???
Mikroorganisme
melakukan
oksidasi
terhadap polutan
yang terdapat di
perairan
o free of
oxidizable
material
o oxygen level is
high
o bacterial
population is
relative low
• the addition of
oxidizable pollutant
• the oxygen level drops
because reaeration
cannot keep up with
oxygen consumption
• the bacterial
population rises
• high bacterial
population
• very low
oxygen levels
• terminates
when the
oxidizable
pollutant is
exhausted
• the bacterial
population decreases
• the dissolved oxygen
level increases
Masalah yang berkaitan dengan BOD :
• Depletion oxygen maybe
• No pollutant
• Oxygen depletion
• Anoxia
• Serious problem
BOD tinggi
Input BOD > ability
receiving O2
Input BOD =
suply O2
Renewal O2 > BOD
LIMBAH YANG MEMERLUKAN OKSIGEN