1 passport science space unit – part 1 of 3 powerpoints (textbook reference chapters 12, 13, 14,...

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1 Passport Science Space Unit – Part 1 of 3 PowerPoints (Textbook reference Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16)

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Page 1: 1 Passport Science Space Unit – Part 1 of 3 PowerPoints (Textbook reference Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16)

1

Passport ScienceSpace Unit –

Part 1 of 3 PowerPoints

(Textbook reference Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16)

Page 2: 1 Passport Science Space Unit – Part 1 of 3 PowerPoints (Textbook reference Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16)

What is astronomy?

Page 3: 1 Passport Science Space Unit – Part 1 of 3 PowerPoints (Textbook reference Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16)

•Stars •Nebula •Planets

•The Sun

•The Great Andromeda Galaxy by George Greaney

•Star clusters •Galaxies

•Galaxy clusters

•Dark matter •Black holes

Page 4: 1 Passport Science Space Unit – Part 1 of 3 PowerPoints (Textbook reference Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16)

What is astronomy?

Astronomy is a science that attemptsto understand the make-up and the history of the universe.

Galaxy M83 in Hydraby George Greaney

Page 5: 1 Passport Science Space Unit – Part 1 of 3 PowerPoints (Textbook reference Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16)

M33, The Pinwheel Galaxy in Triangulumby George Greaney

What is astronomy? M33, The Pinwheel Galaxy in Triangulum

by George Greaney

Page 6: 1 Passport Science Space Unit – Part 1 of 3 PowerPoints (Textbook reference Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16)

Basically, if its off this planet its a study of some realm of astronomy.

As one might imagine that covers an awful lot of subjects, even more than we know right now. •NGC 253, galaxy in Sculptor

by George Greaney

Page 7: 1 Passport Science Space Unit – Part 1 of 3 PowerPoints (Textbook reference Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16)

Key Ideas• Galaxies: clusters of stars; different shapes

• Stars: Sun; differ in size, temperature and color; source for all bright objects

• Gravity: planets, stars, solar system

• Know the appearance, composition, position and size, and motion of objects in our solar system

• Astronomical units for measuring

7

Page 8: 1 Passport Science Space Unit – Part 1 of 3 PowerPoints (Textbook reference Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16)

What is a Meteor?

What is a Comet?

What is a Star?

What is a Nebula?

What is an Open Cluster?

What is a Black Hole?

What is a Quasar?

?

??

? ??

Page 9: 1 Passport Science Space Unit – Part 1 of 3 PowerPoints (Textbook reference Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16)

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)

What is an astronomer?

A night watchman with a college education?

Page 10: 1 Passport Science Space Unit – Part 1 of 3 PowerPoints (Textbook reference Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16)

Galileo Observatory in Italy

An astronomer is a scientist, skilled in mathematics, physics, and astronomy.

Most professional astronomers work for universities or government agencies.

Source: The Berkeley Cosmology Group

Page 11: 1 Passport Science Space Unit – Part 1 of 3 PowerPoints (Textbook reference Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16)

Astronomer Serena Kim at work At Cerro Tololo in Chili

Few astronomers spend much time looking through a telescope. Most operate telescopes from a control room or even from their computer at home via theInternet.

Typical astronomers only spend one or two weeks eachyear observing, and the rest of their research time analyzing their data.

Source: Applied Theoretical and Computational Physics DivisionLos Alamos National Laboratory

Page 12: 1 Passport Science Space Unit – Part 1 of 3 PowerPoints (Textbook reference Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16)

Amateurs and their tools

What is an amateur astronomer?

Page 13: 1 Passport Science Space Unit – Part 1 of 3 PowerPoints (Textbook reference Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16)

What is an amateurastronomer?

Although the term has different meanings for different people, a basic definition would include anyone who looks into the sky, and wants to see or learn more.

Page 14: 1 Passport Science Space Unit – Part 1 of 3 PowerPoints (Textbook reference Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16)

What is space like?

• No air

• No gravity-when you’re not very close to a planet, sun, or moon

• No wind

• No friction

• No real “up” or “down”

• No pressure

Page 15: 1 Passport Science Space Unit – Part 1 of 3 PowerPoints (Textbook reference Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16)

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The Expanding Universe 15-5

• The Big Bang Theory

Page 16: 1 Passport Science Space Unit – Part 1 of 3 PowerPoints (Textbook reference Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16)

What is a “galaxy”? (Textbook reference 15-4)

• A large group of stars outside of our own Milky Way• Made of billions to trillions of stars

– Also may have gas and dust

• Spiral, or elliptical, or irregular shaped– The Milky Way Galaxy is a spiral galaxy.

Image at http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/galaxy/spiral/2007/41/results/50/

Page 17: 1 Passport Science Space Unit – Part 1 of 3 PowerPoints (Textbook reference Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16)

Spiral galaxy--Andromeda

NOAO/AURA/NSF Images at http://www.noao.edu/image_gallery/html/im0606.html and http://www.noao.edu/image_gallery/html/im0685.html

Page 18: 1 Passport Science Space Unit – Part 1 of 3 PowerPoints (Textbook reference Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16)

Elliptical Galaxies

Images at http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/galaxy/elliptical/2007/08/image/a/format/large_web/results/50/ and http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/galaxy/elliptical/1995/07/results/50/

Page 19: 1 Passport Science Space Unit – Part 1 of 3 PowerPoints (Textbook reference Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16)

Irregular Galaxies

NASA and NOAO/AURA/NSF Images at http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/galaxy/irregular/2005/09/results/50/ ,

http://www.noao.edu/image_gallery/html/im0560.html , and http://www.noao.edu/image_gallery/html/im0993.html

Page 20: 1 Passport Science Space Unit – Part 1 of 3 PowerPoints (Textbook reference Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16)

Our Galaxy: the Milky Way• has about 200 billion stars, and lots of gas

and dust• is a barred-spiral (we think)• about 100,000 light-years wide (a measure of

distance)• our Sun is halfway to the edge, revolving at

half a million miles per hour around the center of the Galaxy

• takes our Solar System about 200 million years to revolve once around our galaxy

Page 21: 1 Passport Science Space Unit – Part 1 of 3 PowerPoints (Textbook reference Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16)

The Milky Way

Image at http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/bigphotos/1945371.html

Page 22: 1 Passport Science Space Unit – Part 1 of 3 PowerPoints (Textbook reference Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16)

Mapping the Milky Way

We can see

– stars

– star clusters

– nebulae

– galaxies

How do we know what our galaxy looks like?How do we know what our galaxy looks like?

Page 23: 1 Passport Science Space Unit – Part 1 of 3 PowerPoints (Textbook reference Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16)

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Reviewing Galaxies

• Groups of stars, planets, and space debris

• Irregular, Elliptical, Spiral

• Milky Way is our galaxy

Page 24: 1 Passport Science Space Unit – Part 1 of 3 PowerPoints (Textbook reference Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16)

WhatIs aStar?

Image of the Sun from Goddard Space Flight Center

Page 25: 1 Passport Science Space Unit – Part 1 of 3 PowerPoints (Textbook reference Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16)

What is a Star?

Our Sun is the closest star.

At the simplest, a star is just a ball of gasthat has condensed out of interstellar material. The largest part of its lifetime is spent as a main sequence star during which hydrogen is being converted to helium balancing gravitational contraction so that the radius and energy output remain almost constant.

Source: The British Astronomical Association

Page 26: 1 Passport Science Space Unit – Part 1 of 3 PowerPoints (Textbook reference Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16)

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Stars (Textbook reference 15-2 and 15-3)

• Bodies of gases that give off tremendous amounts of radiant and heat energy

• Constellations are patterns of stars used for navigation, storytelling, honoring heroes

Life Cycle of a Star Video

Page 27: 1 Passport Science Space Unit – Part 1 of 3 PowerPoints (Textbook reference Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16)

Image courtesy of Dave DockeryAstronomical Society of Las Cruces Source: The British Astronomical Association

Nearby Stars:

Name Distance from Earth

Sun 93 million miles (8 light minutes) Proxima Centauri 4.22 Light YearsAlpha Centuri A,B 4.39 Light YearsBarnards Star 5.94 Light YearsWolf 359 7.8 Light YearsLalande 21185 8.3 Light YearsSirius A,B 8.6 Light Years

Page 28: 1 Passport Science Space Unit – Part 1 of 3 PowerPoints (Textbook reference Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16)

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Evolution of Stars

Page 29: 1 Passport Science Space Unit – Part 1 of 3 PowerPoints (Textbook reference Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16)

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How do Black Holes form?

Page 30: 1 Passport Science Space Unit – Part 1 of 3 PowerPoints (Textbook reference Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16)

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Black Holes

• Remains of a neutron star that has collapsed due to intense gravity

Page 31: 1 Passport Science Space Unit – Part 1 of 3 PowerPoints (Textbook reference Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16)

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Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram

The Doppler Effect:

Red Shift – stars moving away from EarthBlue Shift – stars moving toward Earth

Video on the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram

Spectroscopy Video

Page 32: 1 Passport Science Space Unit – Part 1 of 3 PowerPoints (Textbook reference Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16)

Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram

Images from http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/spectrum_plants.html and

http://sunearthday.gsfc.nasa.gov/2009/TTT/65_surfacetemp.php

The coolest stars are blue-white in color.

Page 33: 1 Passport Science Space Unit – Part 1 of 3 PowerPoints (Textbook reference Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16)

Using a Star’s Spectrum• We can use a star’s spectrum to classify it.

NOAO/AURA/NSF image at http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap010530.html