1 opportunities and challenges resulting from an increased demand for storage with focus on biofuels...
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Opportunities and Challenges resulting from an increased
demand for storage with focus on biofuels
Crowne Plaza City Centre Hotel, Amsterdam, 11 January 2012
2nd Annual Global Tank Storage Summit
Peter van der Gaagwww.hollandinnovationteam.nl
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View on present tank storage
What can be improved?
Underground storage – in ground storage
Combinations – solar panels and heating
Combination – electricity with wind for pumps
Looking at bio fuels and vegetable oils, biodiesel
Bio-ethanol (multiple) storage and dehydration
Bio-LNG a new market for tanks and storage
Case study Zwijndrecht: bio-LNG terminal
Conclusions and recommendations
Contents
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View on present tank storage
Storages in large ports are mostly:
Very conservative
No/few innovations
Large, larger, largest
Space seems to be of no importance: cheap rent/soil
Stand-alone storage terminals
No combinations with other uses
Business as usual
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Where are windmills and solar panels? (and trees…)
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Where are the crops and algae basins?(and trees…)
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Where space is expensive, look underground!
Many countries look at underground storage of chemicals, propane, crude oil, gas (UGS).E.g. 1 billion barrels of oil will be stored underground in USA.
Singapore will save 1.000.000 m2 with underground oil storage (figure)http://www.jtc.gov.sg/Publications/Newsletter/Periscope/Periscope_2008_04/focus/article02.htm
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Where space is expensive look underground!
Salt dome Wilhelmshaven,Northern Germany:Oil storage – 53 caverns15 million tons oilStorage of hydrogen proposed In German wind energy project
www.nwowhv.de
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Where land is cheap you can look at synergy
Use in-ground tanks in combination with other activities
Multiply use of tank storage terminals:Wind parks – Crops – Algae – Solar
Combine businesses:Solar power for heating of the storageElectricity by wind for pumping of fluids
Use idle storage time for value added processes (next)
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Biofuels industries bring new challengesBiodiesel and vegetable oils
Imports and storage of palm oil, rape seed oil, olive oils and other exotics (jatropha, peanut, coconuts)
Old baking oils, Glycerol
Biodiesel, BTL, NexBTL, FAME, Blending and storage of B5, B10, B30
There is a demand for numerous smaller storage facilities because of the large variation in quality (composition, different specs)
But also different storage temperatures
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Use idle storage time for processing!!
Instead of ten different bio-ethanol tanks, take one large tank for mixed bio-ethanol grades with varying water content, then use gravity to dehydrate this blend, and the second tank to store dehydrated bio-ethanol
Options are membrane, pervaporation, molecular sieve, or another solution:
Holland Innovation Team acquired a patent for a cheap solution to dehydrate liquids such as bio-ethanol (13-12-2011)
Ready for discussion with storage companies
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Underground storage of bio-ethanol?
From: http://gillesenergies.webs.com/dehydration.htm
Ethanol Dehydration Using Rock Salt Water dissolves in rock salt, Ethanol does not. Water can be removed by circulating the Ethanol / Water through dry salt. Rocksalt, such as used in water softeners is readily available, and low in cost. The rocksalt can be dried and used many times.
So, wouldn’t it be possibleto store bio-ethanol in salt domes?
A new bio fuel:What is bio-LNG (LBG, LBM)?
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Bio-LNG is liquid bio-methane. (LBM) Bio-LNG is produced from biogas. Biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion. It is upgraded to bio-methane and than liquefied at -162 Celsius.All organic waste can rot and can produce biogas, the bacteria do the work. Therefore biogas is the cheapest and cleanest bio fuel without competition with food or land use. Quality is always better than quality of fossil LNG, i.e. bio-LNG is premium and should be stored carefully at -162 Celsius.
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The advantages of bio-LNG
Bio-LNG is of better quality than fossil LNG. This is the first time that a bio fuel is better than its fossil counterpart
While bio-LNG can be used without blending, it can also be used to improve the quality of fossil LNG
Bio-LNG can replace 20% of our fossil transportation fuels by 2020 in inland navigation, heavy duty trucks and cold ironing in ports
Bio-LNG can be used to produce bio-CNG for private cars with minor additional costs
Bio-LNG emits negligible NOx or PM when burnt Bio-LNG has a much lower carbon footprint than other
fossil fuels or bio fuels: can even be carbon negative Bio-LNG is cheapest bio fuel per energy unit
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How much bio-LNG can be made?
Dutch government agency forecasts that 3 billion cbm of so-called ‘green gas’ can be produced from anaerobic digestion (NL), equivalent >> 2 million tons of bio-LNG.
Source:http://ecocomplex.rutgers.edu/PeterBoisen.pdf
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Bio-LNG storage: what is important?
Temperature at minus 162 Celsius Pressure low (1-4 or maximum 8 bars) Special cryogenic equipment, hoses,
jetties Pre-cooling operations Safety restrictions Boil-off control Aging, weathering processes Roll-over during blending
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LNG 50.000 liter(-160 graden)
Storage of 50.000 liters LNG with 8 % C2/C3. Boil-off 0,1% /day, storage empty after 10 days. 250 liters of methane lost.
Boil-off 0,1%/day, after 100 days, storage half empty. 3750 liters of methane lost. Composition of remaining LNG 9,4% C2/C3.
Boil-off at LNG storage changes composition, Bio-LNG not
But there is more BIO-LNG is premium :
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Getting the market off the groundAchievements 2011
First intermediate results in project: design/building of bio-LNG distribution vessels for short sea and inland navigation. Lead partner is VEKA Group / Bijlsma Shipyards, builder of Pioneer Knutsen.
SANDFIRDEN T E C H N I C S LNG Rivers Shipping
Grant awarded by the “Clusterregeling” of the province of South-Holland
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Inland and short sea shipping becomes "green" by Bio-LNG
E-Energy Market by Erik Groen
“LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) is cleaner than gasoline, diesel and fuel oil. "But it's still a fossil fuel", says Peter van der Gaag. Bio-LNG is truly "green gas". BER BV wants to build a bio-LNG plant in Delfzijl, and a bunkering bio-LNG terminal to be built in Zwijndrecht together with Nobel close to Rotterdam. "The bio-LNG must be transported between these locations and to other terminals and distribution centers," Van der Gaag. "We are creating a whole chain. This vessel is indispensable. A bio-LNG plant would produce between 40-150 tons of bio-LNG daily. Distribution can be done by bio-LNG tankers of 1100-4000 cbm.”
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Latest achievements
Bunkerworld News - Latest News -22 November 2011 -'First movers' integral in LNG bunkering future ... part of trials to acquire permit for construction of bio-LNG bunkering terminal
See movie of test bunkering at YouTube:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kS0UzUtbVmM
A. Nobel & Zn Bunkerservice
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(Bio)LNG bunker terminal
A. Nobel & Zn Bunkerservice
Initial bunkering from tank trucks
Then starting with 500 m3 LNG storage tank, later expanded to 2000 m3 (modular layout)
The bunkering station is already heated and cooled by water of Oude Maas river (heat exchanger)
Boil-off of bio-LNG will generate electricity, creating the first bunkering terminal of the post-fossil fuels era
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Conclusions and recommendations
Tank storage terminals can (should) become more sustainable
Underground storage and new combinations save space
Especially the biomass and biofuels industry poses challenges for storage
Try to use new processes at terminals to add value to your products (e.g. dehydration of bio-ethanol)
Change of management/operations is needed to operate bio-LNG storage terminals
New types of equipment and different safety measurements will be needed
Bio-LNG as additive will be used to increase fossil LNG quality, creating additional operations