1 of 25 knowledge based society and researchers mobility in the age of globalization –...
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1 of 25 Knowledge Based Society and Researchers Mobility in the Age of Globalization – Thessalonica, Oct 18-19
University of ZagrebUniversity of Zagreb University of ZagrebUniversity of Zagreb
Balkan Dimension of Balkan Dimension of Researchers MobilityResearchers Mobility
Dr. Dr. Neven DuićNeven Duić, Assist. , Assist. Prof.Prof.
University of Zagreb University of Zagreb
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ContentsContentsContentsContents
• Western Balkans in EHEA and ERA
• Stemming the brain drain while enabling mobility
• Obstacles to incoming mobility
• Issue of intraregional mobility
• Intersectorial mobility – academia and industry
• Interprofessional mobility and multidisciplinarity
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Western BalkansWestern BalkansWestern BalkansWestern Balkans
CroatiaCroatia
Bosnia and Bosnia and HerzegovinaHerzegovina
SerbiaSerbia
AlbaniaAlbania fYRo fYRo MacedoniaMacedonia
KosovoKosovoUNMIKUNMIKMontenegroMontenegro
U ZagrebU Zagreb
U RijekaU Rijeka U OsijekU Osijek
U ZadarU Zadar
U SplitU Split
U DubrovnikU Dubrovnik
U TiranaU Tirana
U BihacU BihacU TuzlaU Tuzla
U SarajevoU SarajevoU E. SarajevoU E. Sarajevo
U MostarU MostarU Dz.B. MostarU Dz.B. Mostar
U TetovoU TetovoU SEE TetovoU SEE Tetovo
U SkppjeU Skppje
U PrishtinaU Prishtina
U BitolaU Bitola
U NisU Nis
U BelgradeU BelgradeU A BelgradeU A Belgrade
U Novi SadU Novi Sad
U MontenegroU Montenegro
U KragujevacU Kragujevac
U Banja LukaU Banja Luka
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Western Balkans in EHEA and ERAWestern Balkans in EHEA and ERAWestern Balkans in EHEA and ERAWestern Balkans in EHEA and ERA
• Typical path of researcher before 1990– studying 4-5 years undergraduate programme
in 6-8 years– military service– two years in industry for technical sciences– assistant at the institution of graduation– studying 1-2 years Master programme plus
MSc thesis in 6-8 years while doing teaching, research and projects
– further 6-8 years of teaching, research and projects in order to obtain PhD
– researcher becomes independent researcher
1919
2626
2727
2929
3737
4545
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Western Balkans in EHEA and ERAWestern Balkans in EHEA and ERAWestern Balkans in EHEA and ERAWestern Balkans in EHEA and ERA
• Research before 1990– inbreeding – from cradle to grave– only short term mobility allowed – once out
forever out– very slow change– after cut-off age of 30 – generally unemployable– research was more necessary nuisance than
necessity – the only way to open new areas was to
increase number – increasing the curricula – further slowing down the system
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Western Balkans in EHEA and ERAWestern Balkans in EHEA and ERAWestern Balkans in EHEA and ERAWestern Balkans in EHEA and ERA
• Bologna process in Western Balkans– open acceptance but hidden resistance to
change– all 5 WB ratified Lisbon convention and
entered Bologna process– two-cycle degree system
• Croatia, Kosovo/UNMIK, fYRo Macedonia, Montenegro,– experimentation and implementation
• Bosnia & Herzegovina – preparation and experimentation
• Albania, Serbia – preparation
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Western Balkans in EHEA and ERAWestern Balkans in EHEA and ERAWestern Balkans in EHEA and ERAWestern Balkans in EHEA and ERA
• Bologna process in Western Balkans– University integration
• Montenegro, Kosovo/UNMIK – implementation of fully integrated University
• Croatia – implementation of half-baked integrated University
• Bosnia & Herzegovina – preparation – fully integrated University
• Albania, fYRo Macedonia, Serbia – preparation
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Western Balkans in EHEA and ERAWestern Balkans in EHEA and ERAWestern Balkans in EHEA and ERAWestern Balkans in EHEA and ERA
• Bologna process in Western Balkans– ECTS
• ECTS implemented or under implementation in Croatia, Kosovo/UNMIK, fYRo Macedonia, Montenegro – implementation of fully integrated University
• Albania, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Serbia – in preparation
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Western Balkans in EHEA and ERAWestern Balkans in EHEA and ERAWestern Balkans in EHEA and ERAWestern Balkans in EHEA and ERA
• Bologna process in Western Balkans– ECTS and student mobility
• intra-University curricular mobility difficult due to rigid programs – possible but discouraged due to wide in house curricular offer
• inter-University (national, regional and international) mobility practically impossible due rigid programs but also due to lack of finance vehicles (Erasmus, etc.)
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Western Balkans in EHEA and ERAWestern Balkans in EHEA and ERAWestern Balkans in EHEA and ERAWestern Balkans in EHEA and ERA
• National RTD– Small projects paid to all “independent”
researchers • wide priorities• 85% proposals accepted, less on merits and more on
status (Croatia)• national review – to small pool of researcher for
independent review• not very efficient way of using tax payers funds
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Western Balkans in EHEA and ERAWestern Balkans in EHEA and ERAWestern Balkans in EHEA and ERAWestern Balkans in EHEA and ERA
• International cooperation– DG RTD – FP6
• INCO WBC – dedicated for Western Balkans• most of programmes open to WBC• Marie Curie
– DG Education• Tempus
– DG ENV• LIFE TCY
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Stemming the brain drain while enabling mobilityStemming the brain drain while enabling mobilityStemming the brain drain while enabling mobilityStemming the brain drain while enabling mobility
• Increased mobility should try to avoid draining future members of their talents completely– reintegration – mobility as part of international cooperation– increasing research opportunities in Western
Balkans– reintegration plus – returning researcher brings
funds to his institution (outsourcing parts of research)
– avoiding making one off choices
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Obstacles to incoming mobilityObstacles to incoming mobilityObstacles to incoming mobilityObstacles to incoming mobility
• Visas and work permits – though visas not necessary for short visits of
EU researchers (up to 3 months) if any payment is involved, work permit is necessary
– Visa policy under joint jurisdiction of Ministry of foreign affairs and Ministry of internal affairs
• giving priority to security issues • not distinguishing between researchers and
economic migrants
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Obstacles to incoming mobilityObstacles to incoming mobilityObstacles to incoming mobilityObstacles to incoming mobility
• Very low limit to untaxed student fellowships – in Croatia 1000 HRK per month (150 EUR)
• High taxes – the total cost is approximately double than the fellowship
• High overheads institution take also on funds for fellowships
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Obstacles to incoming mobilityObstacles to incoming mobilityObstacles to incoming mobilityObstacles to incoming mobility
• No social and health security system for foreign researchers developed– undergraduate students may use health
security system dedicated to students
• Language barriers – obligatory usage of local languages, especially for thesis, all the documents, diplomas, etc. – even when lectures are in foreign language
• Accommodation and housing– weak formal rental market– language barriers– price barriers
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Issue of intraregional mobilityIssue of intraregional mobilityIssue of intraregional mobilityIssue of intraregional mobility
• Research in the region of Western Balkans is too similarly structured and too much in need of reform
• The need to integrate WB research into ERA, not to reintegrate WB research on wrong model
• Certain level of regional mobility for political reasons
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Intersectorial mobility – academia and industryIntersectorial mobility – academia and industryIntersectorial mobility – academia and industryIntersectorial mobility – academia and industry
• Economy is low added value – little knowledge based economy in WB– FDI is the most significant issue
• FDI into R&D – outsourcing R&D to WB• general FDI with R&D component
– Local companies • prefer to cry for protection than to invest in R&D• negative attitude towards “science”
• Large potential– Well educated workforce– Reasonably priced graduates
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Interprofessional mobility and multidisciplinarityInterprofessional mobility and multidisciplinarityInterprofessional mobility and multidisciplinarityInterprofessional mobility and multidisciplinarity
• Rigid curricular system
• Forced loyalty to cradle to grave system of research
• Nonintegrated Universities
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Case Croatia: Information portalsCase Croatia: Information portalsCase Croatia: Information portalsCase Croatia: Information portals
• Croatian Information Documentation Referral
Agency – HIDRA is a professional service of the Government of the Republic of Croatia, established to perform information, documentation and referral work. (in English): http://www.hidra.hr/hidrae/hidra.htm
• Directory of State Institutions of the Republic of Croatia (in English): http://www.hidra.hr/rhe/INSTA.htm
• Ministry of science, education and sports (Croatian&English): http://www.mzos.hr/
• Ministry of science, education and sports database of scientific and high educational institutions (in Croatian) http://www.mzos.hr/ustanove/pregled.aspx?offset=0
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Case Croatia: Information portalsCase Croatia: Information portalsCase Croatia: Information portalsCase Croatia: Information portals
• Ministry of science, education and sports web pages about international cooperation with EU (in Croatian): http://www.mzos.hr/default.asp?ru=213&jezik=1
• Ministry of science, education and sports web pages about bilateral cooperation (in Croatian): http://www.mzos.hr/default.asp?ru=202&akcija=
• Ministry of science, education and sports web pages about multilateral cooperation (in Croatian): http://www.mzos.hr/default.asp?ru=203&akcija=
• Croatian open government database of institution links (in Croatian): http://www.vlada.hr/otvorena/
• Croatian research bibliography: http://bib.irb.hr/index.html?lang=EN
• List of all research projects and their bibliography and coordinators (in Croatian): http://bib.irb.hr/lista-svih-projekata?&chset=ASCII&lang=EN
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Case Croatia: Higher EducationCase Croatia: Higher EducationCase Croatia: Higher EducationCase Croatia: Higher Education
In Croatia there are 85 public institutions of higher education
– In Zagreb there are 41 institutions of higher education (28 faculties, 3 academies, Polytechnic in Zagreb with 7 departments, Polytechnic in Karlovac, teacher education academy, etc.)
– In Split there are 16 institutions of higher education (University of Split with 9 faculties, 1 academy, College of Maritime Studies, etc.)
– In Rijeka there are 14 institutions of higher education (University of Rijeka with 10 faculties, 3 primary school teacher training colleges, Polytechnic in Rijeka with 6 departments)
– In Osijek there are 12 institutions of higher education(University of Osijek with 9 faculties, Polytechnic in Pozega with 3 departments)
– University of Zadar with 15 university departments – University of Dubrovnik– 14 accredited private schools of professional higher education
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Case Croatia: University of ZagrebCase Croatia: University of ZagrebCase Croatia: University of ZagrebCase Croatia: University of Zagreb
International Student Guide 2004/2005http://www-old.unizg.hr/guide/• Organisational units of the University of Zagreb and
other supporting institutions• Types of programmes offered (tuition fees, European credit
transfer system-ECTS, first-year enrolment, application procedure for foreign students, application procedure for exchange students, language at the University of Zagreb)
• Programmes offered at the University of Zagreb
• Useful information (international relations office, visas and residence permits, health insurance, housing, student residence halls, hostels in Zagreb, student identity card, subsidised meals, academic calendar, national holidays, employment)
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Case Croatia: International Postgraduate StudyCase Croatia: International Postgraduate StudyCase Croatia: International Postgraduate StudyCase Croatia: International Postgraduate Study
• Graduate School of Economics and BusinessMBAInternational tourism in national economy
• Faculty of Economics in Rijeka & Faculty of Economics in LjubljanaM.Sc. in Economics - Scientific Degree in International Economics
• Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing in ZagrebMost of postgraduate programmes are also offered in English
• Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture in ZagrebInternational MSc Programme Sustainable Energy Engineering
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Case Croatia: Other useful linksCase Croatia: Other useful linksCase Croatia: Other useful linksCase Croatia: Other useful links
NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR THE INTEGRATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA INTO THE EUROPEAN UNION – 2004 http://www.mei.hr/Download/2004/04/09/NPPEU-ENG-2004-master.pdf
– On free movement of persons, chapter 3.2, pgs 149-154– On science and research, chapter 3.17, pgs 329-331– On education and training, chapter 3.18, pgs 332-349
Implementation plan for SAP (in Croatian): http://www.mei.hr/Download/2003/05/29/PPSSP_azurirani_(27-05-03).pdf
National research strategy (in Croatian):http://www.hrvatska21.hr/znanost%2030_6_2003.pdf (Improve mobility of high educated young people, especially in relation academia-industry)
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Balkan Dimension of Researchers MobilityBalkan Dimension of Researchers MobilityBalkan Dimension of Researchers MobilityBalkan Dimension of Researchers Mobility
Thank you for your attention!