1Nuclear physics and Astrophysics at CERN (10/10-13/2005)

Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics at CERN

Details of physics interests and methods for studies have been extensively presented.

Necessity of ISOLDE/REX-ISOLDE and n-TOF has been presented by many speakers.

Almost complete summary has given yesterday by Jürgen.

I will try to give a review for persons outside this room.

Isao Tanihata (TRIUMF/ANL)

2Nuclear physics and Astrophysics at CERN (10/10-13/2005)

My view

◆ Nuclear physics is at a corner where a new paradigm is waiting behind the corner.

◆ It is now become possible to combine experimental data in laboratories and astrophysical observations for understanding the synthesis of elements in universe and understanding stellar objects and phenomena.

◆ CERN/ISOLDE facility has been providing crucial information and is expected to provide important information for such studies, and thus needs continuing operation and upgrading.

3Nuclear physics and Astrophysics at CERN (10/10-13/2005)

Nuclear Physics beginning and future

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4Nuclear physics and Astrophysics at CERN (10/10-13/2005)

Studies of Radioactive Nuclei

◆ To understand nuclear structure and reactions in whole range of nuclei by an unified view.

◆ To understanding the origin of elements.◆ To give essential constraints on the standard model a

nd beyond.◆ To expand applications based on nuclear science.

5Nuclear physics and Astrophysics at CERN (10/10-13/2005)

To understand the nuclear structures and reactions in whole range of nuclear chart

◆ All the aspect of nuclear interactions in the nuclear structure is amplified at the driplines. A. Bonaccorso

◆ New structure and new phenomena Neutron halos, Neutron skins Covalent bond molecular states Soft mode of collective motion Change of magic numbers

◆ New development of nuclear models Green function monte calro Anti-symmetrised molecular dynamics No-core shell model Cluster monte-carlo Relativistic mean field Continuume shell model, Gamow model M. Ploszajczak

Interaction between bound and unbound statesGranularity in nucleusChange of interactionsNew interactions

6Nuclear physics and Astrophysics at CERN (10/10-13/2005)

Constraints for nuclear models

50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140

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-8

-6

-4

-2

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2

4

6

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Sp = 0 Sn = 0r-process

constraints for nuclear mass models

known masses

exp DusCZ Molal ComKZ SatNa Tachi SpaJo JaneMass MassJane Duflo LZe76 Pearson FRDM93 TF94 DuZu94

N (Z = 55) G. Bollen

some important ingredients are missing!

7Nuclear physics and Astrophysics at CERN (10/10-13/2005)

What is the most important interactions for nuclear matter (saturation property)

It is also extremely important for binding of light nuclei. (Argonne model)

<V(4He)> ~ -152 MeV <VT>~ -70 MeV by Akaishi

Tensor force!

Why tensor force is not included explicitly in most models?

Also three-body force?

8Nuclear physics and Astrophysics at CERN (10/10-13/2005)

stable nuclei and unstable nucleiprotons neutrons protons neutrons

0.6 < N/Z < 4

Es < 8 MeV

10-3 < r/r0 < 1

Otsuka et al. PRL 87 (01) 82502.

0d5/2 0d5/2

Amplification of hidden interaction! tensor? three-body? other? ? ?

Studies in different mass and N/Z nuclei may reveal hidden interactions!

9Nuclear physics and Astrophysics at CERN (10/10-13/2005)

Astrophysics (nucleosynthesis & star evolution)

Big bang to r-process <---> start of nuclear physics (20 century physics)

◆ Nuclear processes are the most important in elements synthesis ◆ Necessary data (mass, T1/2, excited states, reaction rates…) are

essential data also for nuclear physics.◆ Era of more direct comparison between astronomical observation

s and nuclear physics is coming. (gamma-ray astronomy. As an example..

◆ Studies of specific variables or reactions as well as the general properties of nuclei are necessary.

Approaches are different Today’s most important data will be known soon. Today’s uninteresting data may be the most desirable tomorrow.

10Nuclear physics and Astrophysics at CERN (10/10-13/2005)

S-process is not known accurately!

◆ Uncertainty in cross section is still very large.

◆ Accurate (n, ) cross sections is necessary

=37.0±3.2?26.1±2.5?12.5±0.4? mb

11Nuclear physics and Astrophysics at CERN (10/10-13/2005)

Advantage of RIB for Elementally Physics

◆ Variety of samples appropriate to the specific need. Selection of spin-parity, selection of mass, selection of Z, selection of u/d ra

tio◆ Highly developed methods

Ion trap, laser manipulation, beta-NMR,◆ Examples

Ft value of 0+ ->0+ super-allowed beta decay Beta-neutrino correlation Beta angular correlation

Use of isospin? . and..

12Nuclear physics and Astrophysics at CERN (10/10-13/2005)

Polarized Beta Emitter (T=1/2 super allowed transitions)

ft = f(Gv<1>, GA<>)A =g(Gv<1>, GA<>,P)

CVC in unsaturated spin system.

13Nuclear physics and Astrophysics at CERN (10/10-13/2005)

Accelerated RIB (REX-ISOLDE)

◆ Direct measurements of nuclear cross sections of astrophysical relevance.

◆ High-intensity RIB of energy up to 10A MeV provides various opportunity for nuclear structure (bound and unbound states) studies.

Coulomb excitation Fusion reaction Transfer reactions

Warning: single particle transfer reaction for spectroscopic factor may not be as efficient as the fragmentation method.

◆ Developments of detecting system is extremely important. Efficient targets. Large solid angle large angle charged particle detectosr. Efficient high efficiency -ray detectors. A forward spectrometer for determination of the final state.

T. Nilsson

14Nuclear physics and Astrophysics at CERN (10/10-13/2005)

2004

2.2 MeV/u

A < 45

2003 2006-7

RIBs reaching the Coulomb barrier

3.1 MeV/u

A < 85

Additional 9-gap accelerating structure

4.3 MeV/u

A < 145

202.56 MHz

1.55 MeV/u

7-gap IH

3.75 MeV/u

26-gap IH-resonator

IH2

Exchange existing 7-gap with IH accelerating structures

T. Nilsson

15Nuclear physics and Astrophysics at CERN (10/10-13/2005)

Many facilities in the world.

Is ISOLDE necessary?

16Nuclear physics and Astrophysics at CERN (10/10-13/2005)

ISOLDE facility is absolute necessity because

◆ ISOL-type RIB facility provide high-quality beams.◆ ISOLDE can provide high-intensity RIB of energy relevant to nuclear

structure and astrophysics studies.

◆ ISOLDE is providing beams of more than 70 elements! In ISOL facility an extraction of one new element needs hard and difficult

development. TRIUMF ~26 (Alkali metals and Lanthanides), Oakridge~23

◆ A versatile elements at ISOLDE is the most important resource of nuclear science.

◆ New invention in experimental methods have been made at ISOLDE.. ISOLTRAP, MISTRAL

◆ A large number of eligible physicists is another important resource of nuclear science.

17Nuclear physics and Astrophysics at CERN (10/10-13/2005)

Conclusion

◆ Nuclear structure physics need a new paradigm. Unified description of structure from elementary interactions. D. Vretenar

◆ Astrophysics based on experimental data is now a reality.

◆ They have to be recognized as new direction of physics. Reductionism ----> Wholism

REX-ISOLDE, ISOLDE, n-TOF are important for such development of physics and science.