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Managing Data, Managing Data, Information Knowledge, Information Knowledge,

& Action& Action

Business isn’t complicated. The Business isn’t complicated. The complications arise when people complications arise when people are cut off from information they are cut off from information they need.need.

John F. Welch, CEO of GEJohn F. Welch, CEO of GE

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1. Myths1. Myths

More data is better.More data is better.

Information is a commodityInformation is a commodity

Information is knowledge.Information is knowledge.

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2. D-I-K-A Model2. D-I-K-A Model

ConceptsConcepts Data = Representations of realityData = Representations of reality Info. = Data which provides relevant Info. = Data which provides relevant

clues or newsclues or news Knowledge = The framework or schema Knowledge = The framework or schema

for organizing the relationships between for organizing the relationships between pieces of information.pieces of information.

Action = The deeds or decisions made Action = The deeds or decisions made based on knowledgebased on knowledge

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Data Information Knowledge Acti on

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DIKA cont.DIKA cont.

RelationshipsRelationships

SkillsSkills Data gatheringData gathering Information managingInformation managing Knowledge managingKnowledge managing Action Action

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Historical ExampleHistorical Example

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3. Variations on the model3. Variations on the model

D-I-K loopD-I-K loop

K-A loopK-A loop

I-A loopI-A loop

OthersOthers

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4. Managing the D-I Relationship4. Managing the D-I Relationship

Like a watchLike a watch TimelyTimely AccurateAccurate RelevantRelevant

Determine what employees really Determine what employees really need to knowneed to know

Increase efficiency of transmissionIncrease efficiency of transmission JITIJITI PEIPEI

Pay attention to the form of info.Pay attention to the form of info.

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D-I cont.D-I cont.

Be wary of comm. chainsBe wary of comm. chains

Generate both soft & hard dataGenerate both soft & hard data

Recognize & manage all the Recognize & manage all the information networksinformation networks

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5. Managing the I-K Relationship5. Managing the I-K Relationship

Consider the source’s credibilityConsider the source’s credibility Be aware of how the hierarchy Be aware of how the hierarchy

affects the flow & availability of affects the flow & availability of informationinformation

Acknowledge what you don’t knowAcknowledge what you don’t know Create & test models and theoriesCreate & test models and theories Organize the same info. DifferentlyOrganize the same info. Differently Structure informal networksStructure informal networks

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6. Managing the K-A relationship6. Managing the K-A relationship

50% of org. decisions never get fully 50% of org. decisions never get fully implementedimplemented

Create strategic knowledge-sharing Create strategic knowledge-sharing communitiescommunities

Reevaluate the role of reportsReevaluate the role of reports Speed up the transformation processSpeed up the transformation process

DIK is perishableDIK is perishable People hedge their betsPeople hedge their bets People make good decisions without perfect People make good decisions without perfect

informationinformation

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7. Applying the D-I-K-A Model7. Applying the D-I-K-A Model

D - IThe company generates a lot of data and information but doesvery little with it.

- k - a

D - I -----------K---A

The company generates useful data and information but takesa long time to act on it.

9-12 months