1 macromolecules introduction to the building blocks of life
DESCRIPTION
Macromolecules Large molecules are called macromolecules The macromolecules are composed of submits called MONOMERS. A POLYMER is composed of many monomers.TRANSCRIPT
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Macromolecules
Introduction to the building blocks of life
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The Molecules of Life
• Organization– The next level
Atom
molecule
macromolecule
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Macromolecules Large molecules are called macromolecules
The macromolecules are composed of submits called MONOMERS.
A POLYMER is composed of many monomers.
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CARBOHYDRATES
LIPIDS
PROTEINS
NUCLEIC ACIDS
4 Classes of Biological Macromolecules
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CARBOHYDRATESCARBOHYDRATESMonomer is monosaccharide Monosaccharides are the simple
sugars• They contain C, H and O in a 1:2:1 ratio
and may be represented by the general formula CH2O
glucose fructose
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FunctionFunction1. Fuel (energy)
2. Building material (cellular structure)
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Complex CarbohydratesComplex Carbohydrates Glycogen (animals) Starch (plants) are energy
storing Cellulose is in plant cells Chitin is the major component
in the exoskeleton of arthropods
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LIPIDSLIPIDS• Hydrophobic molecules
– fats and oils– waxes – sterols
Monomer is the fatty acidStructure is mostly C and H
Fig. 3.8a, p. 40stearic acid oleic acid linolenic acid
Hydrophilichead
WATER
WATER
Hydrophobictail
Figure 5.14
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FUNCTIONFUNCTION– Energy Storage– Fats store twice as many calories as
carbohydrates– Protection of vital organs and insulation– Fat is stored in adipose cells.
Steroids- differ from other lipids in structure but are classified as a lipid because they are insoluble in water
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PROTEINSPROTEINS• Many structures, resulting in a wide range of
functions• Amino acids are the building blocks of
proteins.• Needed for
• Structural support and movement (bone, cartilage, muscle)
• Storage/transport molecules (hemoglobin)• Hormones (insulin-sugar breakdown)• Enzymes (control of cellular reactions)
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NUCLEIC ACIDSNUCLEIC ACIDS• Store and transmit hereditary information• Nucleotides are the monomers that make
– DNA – RNA – ATP