1 introduction to the computer by melinda a. simica, 2005

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INTRODUCTIINTRODUCTION TO THE ON TO THE COMPUTERCOMPUTER

by Melinda A. Simica, 2005by Melinda A. Simica, 2005

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This presentation will This presentation will introduce you to introduce you to

computercomputer terminologyterminology andand

computercomputer fundamentalsfundamentals..

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This presentation comes with a terminology study guide.

Your instructor will give you a copy of the

study guide.

Please work through this presentation and study guide at your own pace.

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Notice the study guide is missing specific terms.

You will find the answers to the missing terms as you read through

this presentation.

Fill in the blanksin your study guide.

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A computer is an

information tool

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You put information into the You put information into the

computer calledcomputer called

INPUTINPUT

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Items that help you INPUT information into the computer...

(1) mouse

(2) keyboard

(3) microphone

(4) scanner

(5) joystick

(6) modem or cable modem

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When you use a computer

you will input

DATA and COMMANDS

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DATADATA is information in the form of text, is information in the form of text, numbers or images you use for:numbers or images you use for:

LETTERS or REPORTS or PHOTOS LETTERS or REPORTS or PHOTOS

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COMMANDSCOMMANDS tell the computer what to tell the computer what to do with data, such as to do with data, such as to

printprint or or savesave

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The information you The information you getget from a from a computer is called computer is called

OUTPUTOUTPUT

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OutputOutput comes in many forms... comes in many forms...

1.1. displaying information on a monitordisplaying information on a monitor

2.2. printing data on a printerprinting data on a printer

3.3. sound coming out of the computer sound coming out of the computer speakersspeakers

4.4. storing information on a disk to be storing information on a disk to be used laterused later

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WHAT IS A WHAT IS A COMPUTER SYSTEM?COMPUTER SYSTEM?

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The computer is a The computer is a collection of separate items collection of separate items

working together.working together.

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A computer system consists of

two main components...

HARDWARE and SOFTWARE

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WHAT WHAT IS IS

HARDWARE?HARDWARE?

Hardware Hardware is the is the physicalphysical side of side of computingcomputing

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1. Central processing unit1. Central processing unit2. Disk drives2. Disk drives3. Disk & other storage devices3. Disk & other storage devices4. Other Peripherals4. Other Peripherals

Hardware includes the...

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The word The word PERIPHERALPERIPHERAL

comes from the Greek comes from the Greek language and means language and means

around the center.around the center.

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A peripheral is any A peripheral is any COMPONENTCOMPONENT that is that is

connected to your connected to your computer's central computer's central

processing unit, such as... processing unit, such as...

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a. a keyboard...

b. a monitor...

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c. a mouse...c. a mouse...

d. and printer...d. and printer...

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Let’s look at Let’s look at some some

details details about about

Hardware...Hardware...

What is the What is the Central Central Processing Processing Unit Unit or or CPU?CPU?

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The The CPUCPU is the is the real “real “brainbrain” of the ” of the computer and computer and contains contains electronic electronic components and components and integrated circuits integrated circuits mounted on the mounted on the MOTHERBOARDMOTHERBOARD

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ISA expansion slots

PCI expansion slots

AGP video slot Microprocessor slot

RAM modules plug in here

Hard drive connections Floppy Drive connections

MOTHERBOARD EXAMPLE:

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THE THE MICROPROCESSOR MICROPROCESSOR CHIPCHIPor “the brain”or “the brain”

Hardware -Hardware -

The CPU contains

the inner workings of

the computer

including...

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The microprocessor The microprocessor

chip’s chip’s

PERFORMANCEPERFORMANCE

(or speed) (or speed)

is gauged by is gauged by

MEGAHERTZMEGAHERTZ (MHz), (MHz),

or clock speed, which or clock speed, which

is millions of cycles is millions of cycles

per second. per second.

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The faster the

microprocessor

chips pulse, the

faster the

computer

PROCESSES

information

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The first computer ever built was named

ENIAC or Electronic Numerical

Integratorand Calculator.

It was built at the University of

Pennsylvania inPhiladelphia in 1944.

ENIAC had over 18,000 vacuum tubes andcould only perform math calculations.

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1974…The 8080 microprocessor chip became the brains of the first personal computer

1982...The 286 microprocessor chip was the first to be compatible with all software

microprocessor chip history...

1971...The 4004 was the first microprocessor chip made, and was used in a clock

1978...The 8086 and the 8088 -the brains of IBM's Personal Computer

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1985...The 386 microprocessor chip had over 100 times as many transistors as the 4004.It was "multitasking”.

1989…486 Microprocessor chip was the first to have a built-in math coprocessor, whichspeeds up computing.

1993…The Pentium microprocessor chip allowed computers to more easily incorporatespeech, sound, handwriting and photographic images.


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1997…Pentium II microprocessor chip contains 7.5 million-transistors and was designed to process video, audio and graphics data efficiently.

1995…The Pentium Pro microprocessor chip was faster, enabling the use of programs for computer-aided design, mechanical engineeringand scientific computation.


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Think about how computers affect our lives…

Go through a day and notice all the

things you see that work because of a

computer or microprocessor chip installed in

them.

Remember... anything that provides a digital display, such as a digital clock, has a microprocessor chip in it!

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RAMRAMor or RANDOM RANDOM ACCESS ACCESS MEMORYMEMORY


The CPU contains


the computer

including...

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RAMRAMis is

TEMPORARY MEMORYTEMPORARY MEMORY the computer uses the computer uses

to store information the to store information the microprocessor chip needs microprocessor chip needs

to operateto operate

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is a number of is a number of MEMORY CHIPS MEMORY CHIPS

mounted on the motherboardmounted on the motherboard

RAMRAM

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RAM...

is the main memory of a computer system

stores three things... the Operating System, Software Applicationsand Data

a.

b.

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RAM…

is a holding place for programs & data which must be in RAM before they will work

is memory measured bythe basic unit called a byte

c.

d.

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RAM...

is measured in megabytes such as 128 Mb or 256 Mb, or gigabytes such as 1 Gb

is a computer system's PRIMARY workspace

e.

f.

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determines the size and number of programs that can be open at the same time

RAM...

forms the critical LINK between software and hardware

g.

h.

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An example of RAM...

Pour too much coffee into Pour too much coffee into this cup and what this cup and what happens? It spills out - happens? It spills out - you lose coffee all over you lose coffee all over the table! You did not pay the table! You did not pay attention to the capacity attention to the capacity of the cup.of the cup.

Compare the RAM in a computer to a cup of coffee:Compare the RAM in a computer to a cup of coffee:

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Open too many items on Open too many items on your computer and what your computer and what happens? It spills out - happens? It spills out - well, worse - the computer well, worse - the computer freezes up and you freezes up and you couldcould lose your work! You did lose your work! You did not pay attention to the not pay attention to the capacity of your RAM...capacity of your RAM...


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……well, you well, you couldcould lose lose your work! But if you your work! But if you routinely SAVED routinely SAVED the material you the material you created during this created during this session you would session you would NOTNOT lose that! lose that!


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Volatile means that Volatile means that it can hold it can hold information only information only when when ELECTRONICALLY ELECTRONICALLY poweredpowered

RAM is a RAM is a VOLATILEVOLATILE

form of form of memorymemory

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If you turn off the powerIf you turn off the power

to the computer, to the computer,

all the information stored in all the information stored in

the RAM chips is erased or the RAM chips is erased or

LOSTLOST

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Memory installation is a pretty easy upgrade to perform.

Most of the work, if you could call it that, comes before you actually do the upgrade - in being sure you get the right kind of memory for your system.

INSTALLING COMPUTER MEMORY

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ROMROMor or READ-ONLY READ-ONLY MEMORYMEMORY


The CPU contains


the computer

including...

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ROM is ROM is similar to similar to

RAMRAM with with one one

important important difference...difference...

the information stored on ROM is NOT VOLATILE

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Information isInformation isPERMANENTLYPERMANENTLYrecorded on the recorded on the circuits of the circuits of the ROM chips ROM chips during during manufacturing manufacturing and cannot be and cannot be erasederased

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When you turn When you turn the power off the power off

on the on the computer...computer...

the information stored in the ROM chips is NOT LOST like it is in RAM

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When you turn When you turn the computer back on, the computer back on,

the information stored in the information stored in ROMROM

is once again is once again available to the available to the

CPUCPU and to the and to the

OPERATING SYSTEMOPERATING SYSTEM

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The computer uses The computer uses ROM to store ROM to store

PROGRAMMINGPROGRAMMINGandand

INSTRUCTIONSINSTRUCTIONS

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THE HARD DISK DRIVE [C:]


The CPU contains


the computer

including...

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The Hard Disk The Hard Disk Drive [C:] Drive [C:]

contains the contains the hard disk hard disk

and is the and is the computer's main computer's main PERMANENTPERMANENT STORAGESTORAGE DEVICEDEVICE

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The hard disk The hard disk drive [C:] holds drive [C:] holds

large large amounts of amounts of

DATADATA andand

PROGRAMSPROGRAMS

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DATA and PROGRAMSare stored in DIGITAL form made up of bits or bytes

BITSBITSAND AND BYTESBYTES

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The computer The computer processes and processes and stores information stores information in BINARY form in BINARY form (Bi=Latin for Two) (Bi=Latin for Two) which means it which means it uses two digits…uses two digits…“0” and “1”“0” and “1”


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Each “1” or “0” in the computer is called a BIT


“0” represents (off) and“1” represents (on)

A BIT is one particle on a disk

BIT is short for “binary digit”

A BIT is the smallest unit of information a computer can understand

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Basic Input Output System (BIOS) is the part of the operating system that handles communication between the computer and all of its peripheral devices (keyboard, printer, mouse, etc.)


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A set of 8 bits (such A set of 8 bits (such as 0100 0001 = A) as 0100 0001 = A) makes a BYTE.makes a BYTE.


Each alphabetic Each alphabetic character, such as character, such as A, B, C... is A, B, C... is represented by represented by ONE BYTE.ONE BYTE.

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One standard One standard page of page of typewritten text typewritten text is approximately is approximately 2,000 characters 2,000 characters or 2k bytesor 2k bytes


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Information on your hard disk is Information on your hard disk is NOTNOT AFFECTEDAFFECTED when you turn when you turn off the computer...off the computer...

and remains on the hard disk unless youTELL THE COMPUTER to delete it.

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THETHEFLOPPY FLOPPY DISKDISKDRIVEDRIVE[A:][A:]


The CPU contains


the computer

including...

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31/2” Floppy Disk Drive [A:]

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

is found at the front of the...

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Each floppy disk drive consists of a...Each floppy disk drive consists of a...

to accept a floppy disk

that spins the disk

that moves across the disk in order to

READ (look for) or

WRITE (save) data

SLOT

MOTOR

recording & reading device

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This is where the floppy disk is INSERTED

This light turns green to indicate the disk drive is READING or WRITING

the inserted floppy diskPush this button to EJECT the

floppy disk

Parts of the 31/2”

Floppy Disk Drive [A:]

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THETHE 3 311//22””

FLOPPY FLOPPY DISK DISK


The CPU contains


the computer

including...

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The 3The 311//22” floppy ” floppy disk is a disk is a STORAGE STORAGE DEVICEDEVICE for computer for computer data to use in data to use in Drive [A:]Drive [A:]

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Floppy disks Floppy disks are are

REMOVABLEREMOVABLE

making this making this storage device storage device a good way to a good way to

store your store your data... data...

to give the data to another person... or to BACK-UP your data (make an extra copy for safe keeping)

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Inside the Inside the protective case of protective case of

the 3the 311//22” floppy ” floppy

disk is a thin plate disk is a thin plate of flexible plastic of flexible plastic

coated with a layer coated with a layer of magnetic of magnetic

material.material.

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Let’s look at the inside of a 31/2” disk...

When a 31/2” disk is broken open, the two halves of the cover break apart to expose the inside...

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PAPER RINGS• The magnetic disk is The magnetic disk is

positioned between two positioned between two white paper ringswhite paper rings

• The two rings are glued The two rings are glued down to the plastic down to the plastic housing and stay still housing and stay still while the disk spinswhile the disk spins

• The paper rings keep The paper rings keep the magnetic disk the magnetic disk clean from dustclean from dust

Magnetic Disk

Plastic Housing

Paper Ring

Paper Ring

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Made of a round, floppy piece of plastic coated with iron oxide.

MAGNETIC DISK

Iron oxide can be magnetized.

When you save data on a disk, a recording head creates a magnetic pattern on the iron oxide.

The pattern stores the data in a way that helps the computer “read” it, the next time you use the disk.

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• It's hidden under one of the paper rings.

PLASTIC FLAP

• The small end is glued down, and the plastic is bent, just a little.

• It pushes the paper ring tight against the surface of the magnetic disk.

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• The metal center of the magnetic floppy disk.

• The holes in the hub are like the hole in the middle of a vinyl record - they fit over spindles inside the computer and hold the disk in place while it spins.

THE HUBTHE HUB

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• The shutter is a piece of metal at the bottom edge of the disk.

• The shutter protects a rectangular area which exposes part of the delicate magnetic disk.

• This is the part of the disk that goes in first when you insert it in the computer.

• Inside the computer, the shutter slides over, and the information on the disk can be read through the rectangular slot.

THE SHUTTER

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• When the floppy disk is ejected from the computer, the spring snaps the shutter closed

• This stops dust or fingerprints from getting onto the magnetic disk

THE SPRING

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• This little plastic rectangle is in the upper right corner of a floppy disk.

• It slides up to reveal a square hole in the housing...

• or slides down, to cover the hole.

• When the hole is open, the disk is locked.

• Your computer won't allow you to add anything to the disk or erase anything from it, while this is locked.

WRITE-PROTECT TAB

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You can tell that thisexample is a DS/HD by

noticing that two corners of the disk

will have boxes like these

The 31/2” DS/HD disk ALWAYS

holds 1.44 MB of data

A double sided/A double sided/highhigh density disk density disk is abbreviated is abbreviated DS/HDDS/HD

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When you insert a floppy disk into a When you insert a floppy disk into a disk drive on your computer, a motor disk drive on your computer, a motor

within the system unit spins the disk to within the system unit spins the disk to READREAD or or WRITEWRITE

data.data.

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A floppy disk spinsA floppy disk spinsSLOWERSLOWER than the hard disk. than the hard disk.

A floppy disk does not hold enough A floppy disk does not hold enough information to accommodate larger information to accommodate larger

programs and data files.programs and data files.

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DISK MAINTENANCEDISK MAINTENANCETake care of your disks and Take care of your disks and

they will last athey will last aloooong time!loooong time!

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(A) Never place diskettes near magnetic devices; can erase (A) Never place diskettes near magnetic devices; can erase information from the disk.information from the disk.

(B) Keep diskettes away from your telephone.(B) Keep diskettes away from your telephone.

(C) Never touch your floppy disk media.(C) Never touch your floppy disk media.

(D) Never smoke near floppy disks.(D) Never smoke near floppy disks.

(E) Store your diskettes in a safe location.(E) Store your diskettes in a safe location.

(F) Always make backup copies of your floppy disks.(F) Always make backup copies of your floppy disks.

(G) Do not expose the disk to extreme heat or cold temperatures.(G) Do not expose the disk to extreme heat or cold temperatures.

(H) Never bend floppy disks.(H) Never bend floppy disks.

(I) Never remove the disk from the disk drive when the drive light is on.(I) Never remove the disk from the disk drive when the drive light is on.

(J) Do not use paper clips or rubber bands on a disk.(J) Do not use paper clips or rubber bands on a disk.

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THETHECD-ROM CD-ROM DRIVEDRIVE[D:][D:]


The CPU contains


the computer

including...

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CD-ROM stands for: CD-ROM stands for:

COMPACT COMPACT

DISK DISK

READ-ONLYREAD-ONLY

MEMORYMEMORY

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Information is permanentlyrecorded on the compact disk

during manufacturing

and cannot be erased...

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c. change the contentsd. save data on the CD

Read-only means that you can…

a. read the contentsb. copy the contents

you cannot…

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This disk drive This disk drive accepts a disk that accepts a disk that looks like a music looks like a music CD, but instead of CD, but instead of having only music having only music

recorded on the recorded on the platter, platter,

this type of disk also has graphics,text, and sound stored on it.

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Computers Computers these these

days, are days, are multimedia multimedia computers computers and come and come

with...with...

• A CD-ROM Drive

• A sound adapter which is a card mounted on the motherboard

• Speakers

• A Microphone

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CD-RCD-RororCD-RWCD-RWDRIVEDRIVE


The CPU contains


the computer

including...

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CD-RCD-R stands stands forfor

COMPACTCOMPACT DISKDISK

WRITABLEWRITABLE

CD-RWCD-RW stands stands forforCOMPACTCOMPACT DISKDISKREREWRITABLEWRITABLE

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This kind of This kind of disk drive disk drive

accepts a CD accepts a CD that you can that you can

store data on.store data on.

Some of the Some of the possibilities possibilities

are...are...

(1) Save 700 megabytes of data on each CD — the equivalent

of 450 floppy disks.

(2) Save files on a CD as easily as you would using

a floppy disk.

(3) Create your own CDs.Save files, photos, music

and video.

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(4) Write and rewrite large files—Save several times

on one CD-RW disk!

(6) Share files with anyone,anywhere. Use CD-Rs to distribute files, photos, presentations, music, and more

on portable, durable CDs.

(5) Create, store, and share your own photo, music, video,

and multimedia projects.

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An INTERNAL CD-Writer can be added to your desktop computer if you have an empty port...

A blank panel on thefront of your CPUindicates another

drive can be added,such as a CD-R drive

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a. connect this portable drive to your laptop...

b. to another computer in your office

c. take the drive home with your office work

d. you can take an external drive with you anywhere

An EXTERNAL CD-Writer can be plugged into the back of almost any computer...

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THETHEZIP ZIP DRIVEDRIVE


The CPU contains


the computer

including...

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An INTERNAL Zip Drive can be added to your desktop computer if you have an empty port...

A blank panel on thefront of your CPUindicates another

drive can be added,such as a Zip drive

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An EXTERNAL Zip Drive can be plugged into the back of any computer.

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FLASH FLASH MEMORY MEMORY STICKSTICK

Hardware -Hardware - Another type

of storage device

available that are

removable, easy to use

and hold more data…

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FLASH FLASH MEMORYMEMORY

STICKSTICK

Electronic memory comes in a variety of forms to serve a variety of purposes.

Flash memory is used for easy and fast information storage.

Flash memory is considered a solid state storage device.

Solid state means that there are no moving parts -- everything is electronic instead of mechanical.

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THETHEMODEMMODEM


The CPU contains


the computer

including...

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A A MODEMMODEM helps computers helps computers CONNECTCONNECT with each other with each other

through telephone linesthrough telephone lines

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Most Most computers computers

come with an come with an INTERNALINTERNAL

modem modem which is which is installed installed

inside the inside the CPUCPU

If a computer does not have a modem you can connect an EXTERNALEXTERNAL modem which plugs into the computer from the outside

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Using a modem Using a modem you can send or receive you can send or receive

electronic mail electronic mail or or

EMAILEMAIL

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When you send a message using When you send a message using your computer, the modem converts your computer, the modem converts

the computer signal from the computer signal from DIGITALDIGITAL

(0’s and 1’s) (0’s and 1’s) to to

ANALOGANALOG so that the telephone line so that the telephone line

understands it...understands it...

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On the receiving end,On the receiving end,the recipient’s modem the recipient’s modem

converts the message from converts the message from analog back to digital.analog back to digital.

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Modem is an Modem is an abbreviation for abbreviation for

momoddulator-ulator-demdemodulatorodulator

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A modem lets you A modem lets you UPLOADUPLOAD and and DOWNLOADDOWNLOAD

filesfilesUploadUpload means to send a means to send a file to another computerfile to another computer

via the modemvia the modem

DownloadDownload means to receive means to receive a file from another a file from another

computer, via modemcomputer, via modem

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THE THE MONITORMONITOR

Hardware - The CPU

controls peripherals

connectedto the

computer including...

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The The monitormonitor

displays displays text and text and

graphics.graphics.

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THE THE KEYBOARDKEYBOARD

Hardware - The CPU


connectedto the


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The keyboard is the The keyboard is the main means of giving main means of giving INSTRUCTIONSINSTRUCTIONS to the to the computercomputer

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An enhanced An enhanced computer keyboard computer keyboard

has has four groups of keys:four groups of keys:

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Esc F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12

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ScrollLock

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(1) keys with letters, numbers and symbols

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(2)FUNCTION keys labeled F1 to F12

Their functions depend on the program in use

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(3)cursor (or arrow) keys which let

you move around the screen

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(4) the numeric keypad

117

THE THE MOUSEMOUSE

Hardware - The CPU


connectedto the


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A mouse is a A mouse is a hand-held hand-held

POINTINGPOINTING device that is device that is used to direct used to direct

things on things on your monitor your monitor

screenscreen

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You control your computer quickly by You control your computer quickly by pointing to, and moving pointing to, and moving OBJECTSOBJECTS

on the screenon the screen

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This is easier than remembering This is easier than remembering and and TYPINGTYPING commands commands

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You guide the mouse over a flat You guide the mouse over a flat surface and a ball on the underside surface and a ball on the underside

rolls in the direction of your movementrolls in the direction of your movement

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There are There are many different many different

mouse designs mouse designs to choose from to choose from

including including optical optical

(cordless)(cordless)

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THETHEPRINTERPRINTER

Hardware - The CPU


connectedto the


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LASERLASER printers produce the highest printers produce the highest quality output at the highest speed quality output at the highest speed

125

INK-JETINK-JET printers use printers use a stream of a stream of

tiny ink dots tiny ink dots to create to create

images on images on paper paper

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DOT-MATRIXDOT-MATRIX printers use tiny pins printers use tiny pins against a ribbon and are slower against a ribbon and are slower

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A A WIDEWIDE FORMATFORMAT PRINTERPRINTER will print signs, will print signs, banners and posters using bubble-jet, solid-ink banners and posters using bubble-jet, solid-ink

and thermal transfer technologies and thermal transfer technologies

128

To reproduce what you see on your To reproduce what you see on your computer monitor, the computer monitor, the PRINTERPRINTER will will

create a create a HARD COPYHARD COPY

of letters, reports, or graphicsof letters, reports, or graphics

129

The The ScannerScanner

HardwareHardware - - The CPU The CPU controlscontrols

peripheralsperipheralsconnectedconnected

to the to the computer computer

including...including...

130

There are 3 types of scanners:There are 3 types of scanners:

HANDHELDHANDHELD......

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FLATBEDFLATBED

and SHEET-FEDand SHEET-FED

132

A scanner A scanner picks up picks up

patterns of patterns of light and dark light and dark

or color and or color and converts the converts the patterns into patterns into digital form. digital form.

You can scan photographs, drawings, and documents to utilize as digital information.

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The The JoystickJoystick





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JoystickJoystickA joystick is the A joystick is the easiest way to easiest way to control control movement on a movement on a monitor. This is monitor. This is typically used to typically used to play certain play certain games such as a games such as a flight simulator. flight simulator.

The joystick has also The joystick has also been found useful for been found useful for

people who have difficulty people who have difficulty using a mouse for using a mouse for

everyday use.everyday use.

135

The The MicrophoneMicrophone





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MicrophoneMicrophoneMicrophoneMicrophone If you want to record If you want to record sound to use on your sound to use on your computer you need a computer you need a microphone. microphone.

Any sound that goes Any sound that goes into the microphone into the microphone

such as voice or music such as voice or music will be recorded will be recorded

digitally by the digitally by the computer.computer.

137

SpeakersSpeakers





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SpeakersSpeakers To hear sound from your computer you must attach speakers.

You can play music CDs in the CD-ROM

drive and hear the music through your

computer speakers!

139

Inside the CPU…Inside the CPU…

Microprocessor ChipMicroprocessor ChipRAMRAMROMROMHard Disk DriveHard Disk DriveFloppy Disk DriveFloppy Disk DriveModemModemSound CardSound Card

Let’s review…Let’s review… the two the two

components ofcomponents of computing are computing are

HardwareHardwareandand

SoftwareSoftware

Hardware Hardware we have we have

discussed...discussed...

140

Peripherals …Peripherals …

MonitorMonitorKeyboardKeyboardMouseMousePrinterPrinterScannerScannerJoystickJoystickMicrophoneMicrophoneSpeakersSpeakers

Let’s review…Let’s review… the two the two

components ofcomponents of computing are computing are

HardwareHardwareandand

SoftwareSoftware

Hardware we Hardware we have discussed...have discussed...

141

Removable Storage Devices…

Disks that fit in their appropriate disk drives such as the:

3 1/2” Floppy Disk CD-ROMRecordable CDZip DiskFlash Memory Stick

Let’s review… the two

components of computing are

Hardwareand

Software

Hardware we have

discussed...

142

WHAT WHAT IS IS

SOFTWARE?SOFTWARE?Software isSoftware isa set of a set of instructions instructions telling the telling the hardware hardware what to do...what to do...

143

This set of This set of instructions, instructions, written by a written by a computer computer programmer programmer is also called is also called a programa program

Software Software is a is a

set of set of instructions...instructions...

144

To write a letter, To write a letter, perform perform

calculations, calculations, draw, draw,

or play games or play games you need the you need the

specific programs specific programs that can do these that can do these

things on your things on your computer.computer.

Software Software is a is a

set of set of instructions...instructions...

145

(1) To write a letter you’d need a word processor such as the WordPad program

(2) To perform calculations you could use the Calculator program

(3) To play a game you‘d open the Solitaire program

(4) To draw you would use the program called Paint

146

WHAT TYPES OF WHAT TYPES OF SOFTWARE ARE SOFTWARE ARE

THERE?THERE?

147

Systems Systems Softwares areSoftwares are basic basic programs that programs that enableenable the the running of running of other other programsprograms

Systems Systems Software Software

is a is a set of set of

instructions... instructions...

148

Windows XP is an Windows XP is an operating system operating system that controls and that controls and manages the manages the computer and the computer and the programs you run programs you run on it.on it.




149

Windows XPWindows XP is a is a combination combination of the of the operating operating system and system and the windows the windows interface.interface.




150

A special feature A special feature of Windows XPof Windows XP is is MULTITASKINGMULTITASKING......

the capability to do several things at

the same time, which the previous operating systems

could not do.

151

let us do very let us do very specificspecific, useful , useful things with our things with our computerscomputers

ApplicationsApplicationsSoftware Software


instructions instructions that...that...

152

come in various forms such as Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Access, Dreamweaver, Adobe Photoshop, and many others

ApplicationsApplicationsSoftware Software


instructions instructions that...that...

153

COMPUTER COMPUTER VIRUSES VIRUSES are are destructive destructive programs...programs...

that attempt to that attempt to interfere with the interfere with the normal operation normal operation of the computer of the computer by rewriting or by rewriting or deleting deleting information from information from hard drives, or hard drives, or causing damage causing damage to the hardware.to the hardware.

154

Viruses can spread from Viruses can spread from computer to computer through computer to computer through

MODEMS MODEMS and by sharing and by sharing FLOPPY DISKSFLOPPY DISKS

155

There are There are software software

programs programs available which available which will detect and will detect and

remove viruses remove viruses on systems.on systems.

such as…such as…Macafee,Macafee,Norton AntivirusNorton Antivirusand more.and more.

156

Let’s review… computing

consists of two components:

Hardware and Software

Software we have discussed...

Systems SoftwareSystems SoftwareWindows XPWindows XP

ApplicationsApplicationsMicrosoft Office XPMicrosoft Office XPCorel WordPerfectCorel WordPerfectVirusesVirusesAntivirus ProgramsAntivirus Programs

157

COMPUTER COMPUTER CONNECTIVITY CONNECTIVITY

which combines which combines hardware and hardware and

software...software...

Connectivity Connectivity means means methods of methods of connectingconnecting computers computers together.together.

158

Connectivity Connectivity can result can result between between computers computers through through modems and modems and local area local area networks.networks.




159

A Local Area A Local Area Network (LAN) links Network (LAN) links a group of computers a group of computers together within a together within a local area, such as a local area, such as a single floor of a single floor of a building. This allows building. This allows many computer many computer users to share files, users to share files, programs and programs and resources.resources.




160

The Internet The Internet utilizes utilizes

hardware hardware and and


161

The Internet is The Internet is a collection of a collection of computer computer networks that networks that span the span the globe...globe...

connecting... connecting... EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT

MILITARY MILITARY COMMERCIAL COMMERCIAL

and private citizens and private citizens to a wide range of to a wide range of

computer services, computer services, resources and resources and

information.information.

162

Commercial Commercial on-line on-line services such services such as America as America Online, or Cox Online, or Cox cable are cable are available for available for anyone to anyone to utilize.utilize.

The Internet The Internet utilizes utilizes

hardware hardware and and


163

THE END !THE END !

1 introduction to the computer by melinda a. simica, 2005

Documents

input slide

motherboard slide

output slide

software slide

photos slide

computing slide

later slide

information tool slide