1-introduction to biotechnology[1]
TRANSCRIPT
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Introduction to
Biotechnology
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Grading System
50 % - Exam Prelim 30%
40%- Quies !idterm 30%
"0%- #lass $ctiities Endterm40%
-------- ------
"00% &otal &otal "00%
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'e(erence Boo)
Introduction toBiotechnology *+0"+, y 'ay./ erren
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Biotechnology
&he mani1ulation o( liingorganisms or 1arts o( organisms toma)e 1roducts use(ul to humans/
2sing the)noledge o(cells to modi(ytheir actiities
in order toma)e liingorganismsmore eectie
in seringeo le/
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Biotechnology
It deals ith the mani1ulation o(the genes o( organisms to altertheir ehaior characteristics oralue/
2sing the hole1lant or animal
and all thesystems thatma)e u1 theorganism/
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Biotechnology
'easons the deelo1ment o(iotechnology has een so di6cult are7
*", Scientists useliing organismsthat gro and
re1roduce/
*+, In caseo( higher-
orderedanimalsthe care
and el(areo( theanimalshae to e
ta)en into
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'easons the deelo1ment o(iotechnology has een so di6cult are7
*3, !ani1ulation
o( cells and cell(unction has to edone care(ullyith many
sa(eguards togoern the1rocess/
*4, &he 1ulic isery hesitant toacce1t organismsthat ere 1roduced
through means theyconsider to eunnatural/ Peo1le
are reluctant toacce1t anything theydo not understand1articularly i( it
relates to the (ood
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Bioin(ormatics
&he use o( in(ormation technology tostore analye sort lael and sharethe many 89$ se:uences generated
y genome se:uencing 1ro;ects/ In addition to 89$ se:uences there
are large collection o( 1roteinse:uences 1rotein structures
metaolic 1athay descri1tionsresearch articles 1atents and manyother ty1es o( iology-related datamanaged y ioin(ormatics scientists/
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Bioin(ormatics
&he )noledge o( genomesand the tools o( iotechnologyhae o1ened u1 ne
1ossiilities in geneticengineering / Some scientistsare no or)ing in the
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&he 9eed (or Biotechnology
8uring the 1ast 50 yearstremendous adances haeeen made in the e6ciency
ith hich e gro (ood/ !ucho( the increase in (ood1roductiity egan in the"=>0s ith hat as termed
the Green Revolution/
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&he 9eed (or Biotechnology
Green 'eolution as initiateddue to 1oorer :uality land iseing 1ut into 1roduction/
Green 'eolution hastremendous im1lications not
only (or (eeding the 1eo1leut also (or the im1act on theenironment/
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Green 'eolution
- re(ers to a large increase incro1 1roduction y using
modern agriculturaltechni:ues/
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Im1acts o( Green 'eolution
Fertilizersmade1ossile (orhigh yield
arieties togro
success(ully/
rr ga on
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rr ga onBe(ore the Green reolution
agriculture as seerely limitedto areas ith a signi
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&he 9eed (or Biotechnology
&he 1resent rate o( (ood1roduction cou1led ith thegroing orld 1o1ulation meansthat many countries stand a realdanger o( running out o( (ood inthe (uture/
Biotechnology holds an enormous
1otential (or (eeding the orld?s1o1ulation in an enironmentallysustainale ay/
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#olumn $#olumn B
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&he 9eed (or Biotechnology
It is 1ossile to engineer 1lants andanimals ith :uality traits such as
increased nutritional content or theaility to 1roduce medically use(ul1roteins through iotechnology/
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Researchers Hope Super BananasWill Combat Vitamin A Defciency
Source: Time Magazine , June 16, 2014
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Researchers
Hope SuperBananasWill Combat
Vitamin ADefciency
Biotech ananas (orti
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A&he conse:uences o(itamin $ de00000 childrenorldide dying eachyear and at least
another 300000 going
lindC the 1ro;ectleader Pro(essorDames 8ale (rom$ustralia?s Queensland
2niersity o(&echnology told $P*$gence des euillesPoliti:ues,/
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Researchers Hope Super
Bananas Will CombatVitamin A Defciency
&he trials ill last (or ee)s ith thesu11ort o( Bill and !elinda Gatesoundation/ 'esults ill e aailale atthe end o( +0"4 and commercialiation
is ex1ected to start y +0+0 in 2ganda/
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Researchers Hope Super
Bananas Will CombatVitamin A Defciency
&he technology is also intendedto e trans(erred to other $(ricancountries including 'anda#ongo Fenya and &anania/
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Plant Biotechnology
Plants hae een geneticallymodi
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Plant Biotechnology
ther iotech cro1s hae eenmodi
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Plant Biotechnology H
Phytoremediation
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It is orth noting here that 1hytoextraction and1hyto
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$nimal Science
Early ciiliations learned to ma)echeese and other (ood 1roducts (rommil) y using animal enymes and
acteria/ Scientists are no on the erge o(
ma)ing animal clonina 1racticalmeans o( re1roducing animals ith
su1erior genetics/ $nimal cloning is the 1rocess o(
ma)ing an exact genetic co1y o( ananimal/
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$nimal
Sciencearmed salmon that reach
mature sie in a (raction o(the usual time/ &he grothis s1eeded u1 y theinsertion o( to genes onelin)ed to the 1roduction o(groth hormone and asecond to ensure grothcontinues een in ery coldtem1eratures/
&he technology allos
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$nimal Science
Goats and cos that 1roduce thera1eutic
1roteins in their mil)/ &hera1eutic 1roteinsare used to treat human diseases/ &heyinclude hormones antiodies accinesgroth (actors and lood clotting (actors/
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$nimal Science
!edical mice ithhumanli)e immunesystems/
&he 2/S/ team o(
scientists trans1lantedhuman one marrocells and other humantissue into miceithout a (unctioning
immune system/ &hisgae the mice as1ectso( the human immunesystem/htt17JJconsumer/healthday/comJhealth-technology-in(ormation-
"KJresearch-and-deelo1ment-health-nes-5>KJmouse-ith-
human-li)e-immune-system-could-adance-aids-research-
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Pigs that 1roduce 1hytaseenyme in their salia
leading to lo-
1hos1horus manure thatis more enironmentally(riendly/
Im1acts o( high-1hos1horus leel7 $lgae gro (aster than ecosystems can handle/ Large groths o( algae are called algal looms
and they can seerely reduce or eliminateoxygen in the ater leading to illnesses in
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!edicine
&hera1eutic 1roteins accines and othermedicines may e 1roduced in geneticallyengineered cell cultures throughbiomanu!acturin such as humaninsulin 1roduced in acteria/
&he cells o( hole iotech 1lants andanimals also may e geneticallyengineered to 1roduce 1harmaceuticals*1harming,/
Personalied medicine loo)s at thegenome o( indiidual 1atients todetermine molecular causes o( diseaseand identi(y treatments that may e most
eectie/
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!edicine
Personalied genomics is a ne
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&he Enironment
Biotechnology is used inmonitoring and cleaning u1 theenironment/
Plants hae een deelo1ed thatcan indicate hether or not anarea is contaminated ith1ollutants/ &his allos (or early
detection o( contaminants andremedial measures can e ta)ene(ore the 1rolem ecomesserious/