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Overview of Deliverable 4

Direct and indirect impact (on energy) of ITU-T standards

Editor’s Group of Deliverable 4

Sungchul Kang (KCC, Korea), ChairmanEunsook Kim “Eunah” (ETRI, Korea), EditorTakafumi Hashitani (Fujitsu, Japan), co-editorFranz Zichy (US State Department, USA), co-editor

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Summary (SCOPE)

This deliverable describes general checklists and guidelines, examples of networks and systems which influence climate change in the ICT field, and ITU-T standards that have a positive impact on mitigation of climate change.

It is to allow ITU-T SGs to evaluate, for each Question, the possible future CO2E (carbon dioxide equivalent) reduction of technologies in terms of direct emissions from ICTs and possible savings in terms of Climate Change mitigation from the use of ICTs.

It is noted that the list of ICT technologies and ITU-T standards introduced in this deliverable do not limit the possible and potential ICT technologies and ITU-T standards to impact climate change.

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Table of Contents (1/3)1 Scope2 References3 Terms and Definition4 Abbreviations5 Checklist 5.1 Checklists for adopting eco-friendly ICT framework 5.2 Checklists for choosing eco-friendly ICT devices 5.3 Checklists for adopting eco-friendly ICT providers 5.4 Checklists for using ICT systems in an eco-friendly way 5.5 Checklists for disposing and recycling of ICT

systems in an eco-friendly way

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Table of Contents (2/3)

6 Networks and Systems influencing climate change 6.1 Fixed vs. wireless/mobile networks 6.1.1 Fixed networks can improve mitigation in ways

mobiles cannot 6.1.2 Spectrum usage and energy efficiency 6.1.3 A case study of power consumption among

different FTTx architecture 6.1.4 A use-case of CDMA 6.2 Data center 6.2.1 Energy consumption at IDC 6.2.2 Green Internet Data Center 6.2.3 Natural Cooling System 6.3 Tele-conferencing system 6.4 Home networking 6.4.1 Aspects of energy management 6.4.2 Application profiling and designing interface 6.4.3 Advance Metering Infrastructure (AMI) and

Smart Energy System (SES) 6.4.4 Guidelines proposal to FG ICT & CC

Table of Contents (3/3)

7 Use of ITU-T Standards to mitigate climate change 7.1 Next Generation Networks (NGN) 7.2 Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN) 7.2.1 USN use-cases for monitoring climate change 7.2.2 Guidelines proposal for perspective USN work items 7.3 Intelligent Transport System (ITS) 7.4 Tag-based Identification Applications and Services

Appendix. FG Questionnaire Response from ITU-R and ITU-T SGs

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5. Checklist

Checklists are useful for developing and promoting eco-friendly standards for ICT architecture, ICT devices, ICT providers, ICT systems, and disposal and recycling of ICT systems in an eco-friendly way.

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•Limit the negative impacts•Enhance the positive impacts

To lead

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5. Checklist / Using an ICT system in an eco-friendly way (1/2)

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Objective Check item Description

Using an ICT system in an eco-friendly way

Has the ICT system contributed to reducing use of office consumables (e.g., paper)?

It is helpful to compare the current consumption against the forecasts made before the introduction of the ICT system.

Has the ICT system actually contributed to a reduction in electricity or energy consumption?

It is helpful to compare the current electricity and energy consumption against the values before the introduction of the ICT system.

Has the ICT system actually contributed to a reduction in the movement of people?

It is helpful to compare the current movement of people against the value before the introduction of the ICT system.

Has the ICT system actually contributed to a reduction in the movement of goods?

It is helpful to compare the current movement of goods against the value before the introduction of the ICT system.

Has the ICT system actually contributed to effective use of your office space?

It is helpful to compare the current use of office space against the use of space before the introduction of the ICT system.

Has the ICT system actually contributed to a reduction in storage space for goods?

It is helpful to compare the current storage space against the space used before the introduction of the ICT system.

Has the ICT system actually contributed to an improvement in operational efficiency?

It is helpful to compare the current operational efficiency (e.g., productivity) against the value before the introduction of the ICT system.

Has the ICT system actually contributed to a reduction in waste production?

It is helpful to compare the current waste production against the value before the introduction of the ICT system.

Environmental burden

Before system introduction

After system introduction

(forecast)

After system introduction

(actual results)

Paper consumption

_ sheets/year _ sheets/year _ sheets/year

Power consumption of ICT devices

_ kWh/year _ kWh/year _ kWh/year

Movement of people

_-number of people in a private car,_ km/year

_- number of people in a private car,_ km/year

_- number of people in a private car,_ km/year

Movement of goods

_-ton truck, km/year

_-ton truck, _ km/year

_-ton truck, _ km/year

Storage space _ m2 _ m2 _ m2

Example of monitoring the environmental burden of the ICT system

5. Checklist / Using an ICT system in an eco-friendly way (2/2)

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6. Networks and Systems influencing climate change (1/5)

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Although ICT networks and systems emit CO2, they also reduce direct CO2 output and have the additional capability of enabling other sectors of society to reduce their carbon footprint.

En

erg

y

MW

h/Y

Cost

M€/Y

(1

00

k s

ub

s)

*) Costs for air conditioning are not considered

GPON Energy and Cost efficiency

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

ADSL2+ PON FTTH

Energy Consumption (MWh/y) Cost (k€/Y)

80 % Energy & Cost savings

By replacing ADSL2+

With PON *)

• With the introduction of fiber technology fixed networks gained additional speed and increased range while at the same time reducing power consumption.

• The energy efficiency improvement of fiber networks compared to copper networks is tremendous.

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6. Networks and Systems influencing climate change (2/5)

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Data CenterData centers are being installed in line with the spread of broadband access. It is generally considered that data centers improve the efficiency of energy and resource consumption by consolidating distributed servers and sharing the use of facilities. However, concerns have been raised that the rising number of servers required to process the growing amount of information will increase the power consumption.

To reduce CO2 emissions

Key Technology•Low-power server platform•Green OS•Energy-aware virtual platform•Green-grid middleware•Auto-system management•Dynamic Smart Cooling,etc

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6. Networks and Systems influencing climate change (3/5)

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Natural Cooling System

The base station is cooled using natural cold air during the winter season which reduces the need for air conditioners. As a result, this energy efficient cooling system saved more than 15% of energy.

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6. Networks and Systems influencing climate change (4/5)

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Tele-conferencing system

Introduction of ICT systems will help reduce the movement of people using the traditional ways of travel. When the movement of people is reduced, energy consumption from traditional ways of travel and CO2 emissions can be reduced..

Evaluation Result

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Conference on a trip Video conferenceEner

gy C

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DisposalUseProduction

Video conference held between Tokyo and Yokohama, once a week (48 times / year), one hour each time, participated in by two people from each office

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6. Networks and Systems influencing climate change (5/5)

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Home Networking

The implementation of ICT-enabled energy saving applications minimizes the energy consumed by energy-hungry household appliances.

Case: AIM architecture

Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) has following features:

• The two-way fixed network and associated systems for providing advanced metering data and energy management capability.

• Provides the capabilities to improve data tracking above and beyond Automated Meter Reading (AMR) with the goal of influencing energy usage.

• AMI can be incorporated into the sensor and communication infra of the intelligent micro-grid.

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7. Use of ITU-T Standards to mitigate climate change (1/6)

This section introduces some of the key ITU-T standards which can be applied toward mitigating climate change. It should be noted that the list of the ITU-T standards that address climate change is not limited by the technologies mentioned in this section. There are other ITU-T standards that can be applied.

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Next Generation Networks (NGNs)NGNs are seen by many as the new network architecture that will unify today’s fixed, mobile and broadcast networks. NGN is expected to bring about greater energy efficiency than legacy networks.

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In turn, by improving the energy efficiency of ICTs, NGNs can potentially make a significant contribution in the battle against global warming.

NGNs providers and manufacturers should commit to reducing power consumption through migration to NGN

Making use of Multiple Power Modes in NGNs’ related technology.

Power consumption should be monitored in NGN devices to encourage their most efficient use.

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7. Use of ITU-T Standards to mitigate climate change (3/6)

Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN)

USN is a conceptual network built over existing physical networks which make use of sensed data and provide knowledge services to anyone, anywhere and at anytime, and where the information is generated by using context awareness.

An overview of USN with related technical area

7. Use of ITU-T Standards to mitigate climate change (4/6)

Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN)

Use-case: Chung-gyeo-cheon Streamin Seoul, Korea

Use-case: Monitoring seashore and marine environment in Jeju island, Korea

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7. Use of ITU-T Standards to mitigate climate change (5/6)

Intelligent Transport System (ITS)

ITS is one of the key technologies which can contribute to mitigating climate change. The ITU-T has published technical watch group reports on ITS, and in collaboration with other SDOs started its studies on standardization in SG 16.

ITS is designed to achieve; Improvement of road safety and

reduction of traffic accidents – Increase of traffic efficiency; Improvement of freight and public

transportation efficiency; Reduction of CO2 emissions. Driver assist and management

Main elements of Green-ITS

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Tag-based Identification Applications and Services

7. Use of ITU-T Standards to mitigate climate change (6/6)

RFID is a representative Tag-based identification system which uses wireless communication technology to transmit the identifiers stored in an RFID tag to an RFID terminal. An RFID can hold multiple identifications for different purpose of wireless data communication, which enhances the efficiency of the process of the identification.

Service model of after-saleFlow of lifecycle management in logistics