1 in the port jackson area before · 2019-10-25 · british colonisation section 1 – life in the...

BRITISH COLONISATION

SECTION 1 – LIFE IN THE PORT JACKSON AREA BEFORE 1788

Word list

aboriginal

Port Jackson

colonisation

Eora

survival

culture

territories

ceremonies

punishments

marriages

language

relatives

responsibility

shelters

campfires

shoulders

diseases

medicines

Vocabulary:

Find the dictionary meaning of the words highlighted.

BRITISH COLONISATION

SECTION 1 – LIFE IN THE PORT JACKSON AREA BEFORE 1788

COMPREHENSION: Read the passage and answer the following questions. Remember to

use FULL sentences.

What were the aboriginal people who lived in the Port Jackson area prior to colonisation

called?

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Describe the types of things that caused the groups to come together.

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Who made the laws and who took on the role of teachers?

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Who took care of children?

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Describe the housing of the Eora.

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What did the Eora use for medicine?

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Life in the Port Jackson Area Before 1788

Complete the sentence (describing the Eora’s food sources):

The Port Jackson area provided the Eora with …………………………………………………………………

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Life in Britain Before 1788

What made Britain more wealthy than other nations?

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What was the flow‐on effect of introducing the steam engine?

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What jobs were most commonly held by the poorer people?

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Hygiene was a problem. Describe some of the issues?

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Name 5 crimes that were punishable by hanging.

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What was a “hulk”?

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Why did the British government stop sending convicts to America?

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How many convicts and marine guards were on the First Fleet?

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How many ships made up the First Fleet?

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How long was the voyage to Botany Bay?

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Surviving in Sydney Cove – read the passage in fill in the blank spaces.

The First Fleet arrived in Botany Bay in __________________ _________.

Phillip described Port Jackson as ___________________________________

____________________________________ and he selected Sydney Cove as the best

place for the settlement.

There were almost ________ people who had to be sheltered and fed when the First

Fleet arrived in Sydney Cove. Of these, 36 were _______________. Nineteen the

children of _______________ and 17 were the children of ________________.

Stealing food was a crime punishable by _____________. Because of the lack of

fresh fruit and vegetables, many of the settlers became ill with ______________.

However, the Aboriginal people in the area showed no signs of scurvy. They ate

____________ ______________ and other bush foods. Gradually the settlers

began to copy the Aboriginal _________ and scurvy was brought under control.

Phillip gave ____________________________________________ to the convicts to

_______________ ______________ for themselves.

Unfortunately, the seeds which had been brought from _______________ had been

_____________ on the voyage. There was not enough farming equipment. The few

crops which were growing were ____________ by a drought and then a __________.

Some farm animals had been brought out. These included about one hundred

_________, some sheep, __________ and goats and 300 __________. As there were

no fenced areas it was difficult to keep the animals. Some wandered off and others

were ___________.

Many of the convicts stole food and ___________ to work. They ___________ the

aboriginal people, stole their fishing gear and __________, attempted to escape and

were often violent. ________________ were a common form of punishment and

hangings occurred regularly, always in ____________.

Children without parents often lived in the streets robbing people or ____________

for food and clothing. Marines stood on guard against attack by

__________________ people and rebellion by ______________________.

Surviving in Sydney Cove ‐ read the passage in fill in the blank spaces.

Solving Problems

The male convicts who were not selected for _________________ work were

assigned to free settlers. Female convicts worked as _________________ or

________________. The children often worked as ________________ for the same

master as their parents.

In February, Lieutenant King was sent with 24 men and women to Norfolk Island to

set up farms and grow food and _________.

Phillip wrote home to Britain, asking for help. In October 1788 he sent Captain

____________ on the ____________ to the Cape of Good Hope to collect food. The

journey took ___________. Hunter brought back wheat and ______________ seeds

to plant. He brought ______________ for the sick and flour and salted _________.

_______ years after Phillip’s letter was sent to Britain, the _________ __________

arrived in Sydney Cove with ____________ of _____________, but more convicts as

well. After a short time the rations had to be reduced again for the week, starving

people of the colony.

At the end of his _______ years as _______________ of the colony, Captain Arthur

_____________ returned to ______________. He was ill from years of worry and a

poor diet. He had not managed to establish good relations with the

_______________ people and had not come to understand their _______. He

believed in the ________________ of British culture and Christianity. The

Aboriginal people wished to maintain their own _____________ and belief systems.

Many had been killed by the _____________ brought by white settlers.

Phillips Achievements

The colony had survived under Phillip’s leadership. Wheat, _________, barley and

_______________ wre grown and some imported ________ trees were doing well.

There were several _________ and a few __________ buildings. Explorers had

managed to make their way __________ to a fine river and a line of

______________. The colony had expanded up the ________________ River.

Matchthewordtothemeaning1

(AboriginalHistory)Aboriginality Unfair treatment on the basis of perceived differences between people.

assimilation based on traditions and customs.

colonisation The continuity, from one generation to another, of a group’s culture, values and

attitudes, including knowledge, language, arts, rituals, performances, sites and

objects.

cultural genocide Aboriginality includes a combination of cultural heritage,

spirituality and an intrinsic link with the land.

cultural heritage A 19th century idea that Aboriginal people should be ‘improved’

by being ‘civilised’ and Christianised. From the 1930’s assimilation

was government policy.

customary law An attempt to destroy all or part of the culture of a people which

is the basis of group identity.

discrimination A process by which a different system of government is established by one nation over

another group of peoples. It involves the colonial power asserting and enforcing its

sovereignty, or right to govern according to its own laws, rather than by the laws of the colonised.


(AboriginalHistory)

dispossession Form of land title which recognises Aboriginal people as rightful owners of the land.

Dreaming A key aspect of Aboriginal cultures and values. It includes the importance of all

relationships, and of being related to and belonging to the land.

global perspective Rights possessed by individuals. They are universal (possessed by all human beings)

and are inalienable (they cannot be overridden by the public interest).

human rights A national and international perspective on issues concerning human rights and social

justice of all Indigenous peoples.

kinship Form of land title which recognises Aboriginal people as rightful owners of the land.

land rights Can be seen as the embodiment of Aboriginal creation which gives meaning to every‐

thing; the essence of Aboriginal beliefs about creation and spiritual and physical

existence.

native title The evolving struggle of Aboriginal and other Indigenous peoples for the absolute legal

and moral acknowledgement of prior ownership of their land and recognition of all

accompanying rights and obligations which flow from this association.


(AboriginalHistory)

Racism A term widely used to refer to pre‐invasion Aboriginal life, culture and social

organisation.

Reconciliation They are the indigenous group of the Torres Strait Islands north of Queensland.

self‐determination A concept in international law meaning ‘a territory belonging to no‐one’ or ‘over

which no‐one claims ownership’.

social justice Discrimination on the basis of perceived racial differences.

terra nullius A commonwealth initiative to promote reconciliation between Aboriginal and Torres

Strait Islander people and the wider community.

Torres Strait Islanders Involves the effective participation of Aboriginal peoples in all decision making that

affects them.

traditional A principle that favours measures aimed at addressing inequities. It includes the rights

of people to economic and social independence, and empowerment to determine the

direction of their own lives future.

Matchthewordtothemeaning

Year8History(MedievalTimes)

barbarian records or accounts of events; histories

homage military expeditions from the eleventh to the thirteenth century to regain the Holy Land

from the Muslims

chronicles a person belonging to a culture with no form of writing and which is regarded as uncivilised

serf a formal declaration by which a feudal tenant promised faith and service to his lord

crusades belonging to a religion other than Christianity

pagan a person forcibly kept in the services of a lord, and transferred, with the land, from one

owner to another


Year8History(NativeAmericanHistory)

bison destruction of a great number or amount

indigenous centred on Europe or European ideals; belief that such ideals are superior

colonisation large North American buffalo with high

decimation originating in and typical of a particular area or country; native

lineage the act of establishing a settlement in another country

eurocentric descent from a line of ancestors


Year8History(TheVikings)

berserkers a narrow bay with steep cliffs, common on the coast of Norway

Danelaw a Viking freeman who worked as a farmer, merchant or craftsman

Fiord a rich Viking nobleman or landowner

futhark the most feared Viking warriors who fought wildly and bravely in battle

karl the area of England ruled by the Vikings

jarl the Viking alphabet

NAPLAN Yr 8 – Term 3

Language Conventions – Spelling Mistakes

HISTORY – Viking Society and Government

In Viking society there were three groops: jarls,

karls and thralls. Jarls were kings, cheeftains and

noblemen. These wealthy land owners and

warriors orginised trading and raiding parties

overseas. Karls were freemen and women who

made up the magority of Viking society. They

owned land and ran most of the busineses and

the government. Thralls, or slaves, were the

lowist class of Viking society. They had no rights

and could not vote.



HISTORY – Viking Society and Government.

1. Vikings opperated a fairly democratic society.

2. Local chieftains ruled over small rejions, but

they were controlled by an assembly called a

Thing.

3. The Thing made decisions at a meating, held

outdoors, which lasted about seven days.

4. The local Thing was a big social event, as

well as a cowncil meeting.

5. Sporting events were sometimes held at the

Things, such as horse rideing and wrestling.

6. People set up stalls with items for sale and

recited poems and storys for entertainment.

The spelling mistakes in these texts have been circled.

Write the correct spelling for each circled word in the box



HISTORY – Medieval Age Civics and Citizenship

A military class of mownted knights and their

followers dominated Medieval European society.

The chaos that had followed the collapse of Rome

had meant such men were the only ones who were

able to impose order and restore some meashure

of piece. Creating law and order and making shaw

that a society’s resources are used are important

goals for the rulers of any society. In medieval

Europe, the system for organising how land wood

be used and for controlling peeple was called the

feudal system or feudalism.



HISTORY – Medieval Age Civics and Citizenship

1. Feudalism gradully spread around Europe.

2. It placed many restrictions and controlls on the

ways people lived their lives.

3. William Normandy introdused feudalism into

4. England.

5. The feudal cystem evolved and changed over

time and was subtly different in different

areas of Europe.

6. Much older Germanic traditions of lordship

and loyalty were really the fowndation of what

became the feudal system.

7. In the medieval period, the amount of land

someone ownd was the main sign of his

or her power and influence.





HISTORY – Medieval Daily Life

Life was a constant battle for servival during the

middle Ages, particularly in the erlier period.

Childbaring was often fatal and more often left

women with ongoing illness. The death rate of

women far outwayed that of young men in

warfare. Society in the Middle Ages was very

rigidly organised and allmost impossible to move

from one class to another. Women were

considered to be inferier, and forced marriages

and even sale of girls as wives were common.



HISTORY – Medieval Daily Life

1. The majority of the popullation belonged to the

peasantry, by some estimates at least 90 percent.

2. The peasants lived in villages domanated by the

castle or manor house of the local lord.

3. The villages they lived in had to be self‐sufficient,

produsing everything they needed to survive.

4. The wealth made from the produse supported

the villagers, nobles and the church

5. A serf was a person forcibly kept in the service of a lord, and transferred, with the land, from

one ownar to another.

6. Two in every five children deid before the age of

fourteen.





HISTORY – Origins of the Medieval Period

The word ‘medieval’ comes from the Latin word

medium, meening middle, and aevum, meaning

age. That is why Medieval times are also known

as the Middle Ages. The name also refflects the

notion of scholars who looked for a name to

discribe the time between the clasical age of

Rome and Greece and their own times of the

Renaissance, whitch they saw as a time of

‘rebirth’ of much knowlege that has been lost.

As a result this ‘in‐between’ time has come to

be known as the Middle Ages.



HISTORY – Origins of the Medieval Period

1. The middle ages lasted arownd 1000 years

from AD 476 to AD 1500.

2. The varieus barbarian tribes settled in areas of

the Western Roman Empire.

3. They established the beginnings of what over

time would develope into most of the modern

nations of Europe we know today.

4. The Barbarian successor kingdoms were all

Christian and togethar were called Christendom.

5. This period sore the foundation of Christian

monasteries, which kept scholarship alive.

6. Between 1096 and 1270 there were eight major

crusades plus severral unofficial ones.





HISTORY – The Vikings

The Vikings would probably be the best‐known

warriors of the erly part of the Middle Ages.

From around 790 to the middel of the eleventh

Century, people from Scandinavia rayded and

settled in other countrys. They sailed in long

ships to plases such as England, France, Turkey,

Russia and even as far as North America. The

Vikings were terrafying invaders. They believed

that only men who died in battle would go to

Valhalla (heaven).



HISTORY – The Vikings

1. Some historians beleeve that the Vikings

chewed a type of toadstool that made them

go berserk or extremely aggressive.

2. Some historians have said that the attacks

carried out by the Vikings were part of a

serch for new lands for settlement.

3. It is possible that a very fast rise in Viking

population ment that they simply did not

have enough land.

4. Vikings that lived allong the coast often made

their living by attacking passing ships.

5. Once the Norwegians discovered the

treasures that were held in the many

undefended monasteries, they quickly took

advantige of them.





HISTORY – Viking Beliefs

The Vikings beleeved the gods were divided into

Two families, called the Asar and Vanir. Both

Families lived in a plase called Asgard. This was

joined to Earth by a rainbow bridge, called

Bifrost. The Earth was called Midgard. The

Vikings thowht that it was surrounded by a

deep ocean full of monsters. Beyond this ocean

was a place called Utgard where the Frost

giants lived. They were enemees of the gods

and would eventually kill them in battle. The

Vikings also thought there was a place called

Niflheim whitch was deep in the Earth and full

of icy mists. Viking warriors believed they

would be taken their if they died in bed.



HISTORY – Viking beliefs

1. The Vikings were polytheists, which means

that thay worshipped many different gods

and goddesses.

2. The gods had manny human‐like characteristics.

3. There were many religious seremonies held in

places such as a field, by a river or in a

clearing in the forest.

4. The Vikings believed that they would gayn help

from the gods by giving them sacrifices.

5. Many Vikings believed that a dead person’s

spirit sayld to the next life in a ship.

6. The wealthiest and most important Vikings

were burried in ships with everything they

would need in the afterlife.





History – Aboriginal People

The first people of Australia were named

Aborigines by Europaen settlers. This word

(meaning the orignal people of the country)

has been used to describe many different trybes

of Aboriginal people in Australia, including Torres

Straight Islanders, who have different cultures and

languges. Aboriginal people and Torres Straight

Islanders are known as Australia’s indiginous

people. Gamilaroi, Waradjuri and Awabagal are

the Aboriginal names of just a few of the tribes in

New South Walez.



History – Aboriginal People

1. Indiginous people are the original inhabitants

of a country.

2. Aboriginal people beleive they have always

lived in Australia and belong to the land.

3. Aboriginal people use Dreaming storyes to

explain their environment and their traditonal

law. This gives meaning to their lives.

4. Aboriginal rock painting is the oldest forme of

art in Australia.

5. Initation is the introduction of someone into

a group with a formal ceremony.

6. Rituls are set procedures for religious or

other ceremonies.

7. A secret sites is a very important place of special

significance to particular Aboriginal groups; sacrede

sites are respected because of historical meaning.





History – Aboriginal Society

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women and

men can be found in a wide variety of ocupations

in Australian Soceity. They are politicians, judges,

opera singers, film makers, dancers, actors,

teachers, busines people, lawyers and police

to name a few. We live in the same soceity,

but two features of their cultura set Aboriginal

and Torres Strait Islanders apart from other

Australians. First, their ansestry dates back at

last 50 000 years. Second, through their ancestors

they have a connection with the spirite of the land.



History – Aboriginal Society

1. The Aborigines were active citisens. This

means that they readily acsept the rights and

duties involved in belonging to a language

group.

2. At meeting sights, ceremonies were held, gifts

exchanged, marriages arranged and disputes

settled.

3. Rituals, such as the initiation of girls and boys

into the secret knowlege of the groups, may

have been performed.

4. Law and order were maintaned by elders.

Elders were older men and women who had

the highest level of knowledge in the tribe.

5. In most Aboriginal tribes the men huntted with

spears and clubs. They made their spears from

wood, sometimes barbed with fish bones and

ecidna spines.





HISTORY – Australian Colonisation

European colonisation fundamentally changed

the lifestile of Aboriginal people. With colonisation

in 1788 Aborigines came under European law.

Colonal ideas presumed that the Indigenus people

were to be disposed for their land. Disposession

was accompanied by violence and the destruction

of cultural traditions. Government policies of

protection and asimilation, with gathered survivors

together into missions and government reserves,

contributed to the inpact of colonisation by allowing

the removal of children from their familes.



HISTORY – Australian Colonisation

1. A colonie is an area or country that is taken

over, populated and ruled by a different

country. Britian colonised Australia, which

meant that it took control.

2. Assimmilation means people of different

backgrounds come to see themselves as part

of a larger national family.

3. Disposession means people being taken away

or forced from their land, their economic base,

their way of life and cultures.

4. Dislocasion is the forced movements of

individual, family or community from one

area to another.

5. Native title is the form of land title which

recognizes Aboriginal people as rightful owners

of the land.





HISTORY – Contact with Aborigines

The Torres Strait was probabley the main area

of contact with outsiders. Europeans had first

visited Australia in 1606, but it wos Indanesian

fishermen who first began extended visits to

Northarn Australia around 1750. Three decades

later, however, a new set of outsiders came to

stay. The British colonized the eastern coast of

Australia and were to have a devestating effect

on Aboriginal Australia.



HISTORY – Contact with Aborigines

1. The Aboriginal people had contact with many

other groops of people before Captain Cook

arrived in 1770.

2. Many Historians believe that Australia was

visited by people from India, South‐East Asia

and the Pasific Islands.

3. Torres Straight Islanders traded with both

Australia and New Guinea.

4. Contact between Torres Strait Islanders and the

Aborigines and Papuans were so well established

that thay became part of the Dreaming.

5. Aboriginal people resisted wite invasion from

the beginning.

6. It was not until the British settled in Australia

that Aboriginal cultare and their way of life

changed in any major way.





HISTORY – Native American Colonisation

When compairing the colonisation experiences of

American Indians and Australian Aboriginal People,

it is impossible to avoid the glaring and obvieus

similarities, both in the contact and colonial phazes

and in the pressent day. To a large xtent there has

been an attempt to ignore the dissadvantages

suffered by both groups at the hands of their

European colonisers in favour of looking at the

supposedly overwelming advantages that have

been brought by the wonders of European

civilisation.



HISTORY – Native American Colonisation

1. The culture and way of life of both the

Aboriginal people and the American Indians

was different, not infferior.

2. Whilst many treaties were signed in America,

very few, if any, were ever onoured by the

Europeans.

3. The history of the contact and colonisation

experience of the American Indians is one of

broken treeties, dispossession and destruction.

4. There was 500 different nations and over 300

languages spoken by the North American Indians

when the Europeans began to arive.

5. The American Indians had contackt with the

Spanish, French, Dutch and English.





HISTORY – Native Americans ‐ Contact

In the earlyest years of contact, European and

Indian nations were on more ecqual terms. While

the Europeans had supperior weapons and were

more willing to kill those Indians opposing them,

they were at the same time in a strange land.

European crops were hard to grow in the new

envirament and they could not call on their

governments for help. This early pereod saw

many treaties between Europeans and Indian

nations signed with great seremonies.



HISTORY – Native Americans ‐ Contact

1. The most serious threat the native peoples

faced was not the supperior arms of the Europeans

but the diseases they brought with them.

2. The American Indians suffered high fatalities

from the contact with infectious diseases, to

which they had no accquired immunity.

3. The intraduction of European livestock improved

the quality of life for many tribes.

4. The arival of the horse in North America

transformed Plains Indian culture.

5. The first European Americans to encounta the

western tribes were generally fur traders and

trappers.

6. President George Washington and Henry Knox

conseived of the idea of "civilizing" Native

Americans in preparation for assimilation as

United States citizens.





HISTORY – Native American Society

On first encountering Native American sosieties,

Europeans frecquently did not understand their

organisation, which diffared in various ways

from European types of social organisation;

subsequently, the native organisation was

modified by the British or Spanish conquerors.

Among the Iroquois, for exampel, women made

the final decisions in majour areas of government.

Native communities had different social classes

and highly organised ownarship of property.



HISTORY – Native American Society

1. Social organisation among Native Americans,

as among peoples threwout the world, is

based largely on the family.

2. Some Native American societies emphesise the economic cooperation of husband and wife and that of adult brothers and sisters.

3. As among various other peoples, men's work

has been largeley separate from women's work.

4. Women usually took responsability for the care

of young children and the home, and for the

cultivation of plants.

5. Men frecquently hunted, travelled for

trade, or worked as labourers.

6. Most Native Americans beleived that every

part of nature has its own spirit.



1 in the port jackson area before · 2019-10-25 · british colonisation section 1 – life in the...

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