1. Identical copies of a chromosome that are attached by a centromere are called ______ .

A. a homologous pairB. sister chromatidsC. CentriolesD. gametes

a homologous p

air

sister c

hromatids

Centrioles

gametes

25% 25%25%25%

2. Sister chromatids are produced during which part of the cell cycle? (In other words, when is the new DNA synthesized/replicated?).

A. InterphaseB. ProphaseC. MetaphaseD. Cytokinesis

Interphase

Prophase

Metaphase

Cytokinesis

25% 25%25%25%

During interphase, each chromosome is replicated to create two IDENTICAL copies called sister chromatids.

3. The purpose of mitosis is

A. To produce new cells for growthB. To produce new cells for repairing

damage tissueC. To produce the gametes (egg or sperm)D. Both A and BE. A, B and C

To produce new ce

lls for...

To produce new ce

lls for...

To produce th

e gametes...

Both A and B

A, B and C

20% 20% 20%20%20%

4. The chromosomes condense into shorter, thicker bands that are visible under the microscope during which phase?

A. InterphaseB. ProphaseC. MetaphaseD. AnaphaseE. Telophase

Interphase

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

20% 20% 20%20%20%

5. The nuclear membrane breaks down during which phase?

A. InterphaseB. ProphaseC. MetaphaseD. AnaphaseE. Telophase

Interphase

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

20% 20% 20%20%20%

6. During interphase the DNA is unwound in a very long, thin strand because

A. The cell is inactiveB. Proteins are being producedC. The DNA is replicated prior to the cell

divisionD. B and C

The cell i

s inacti

ve

Proteins are being pro...

The DNA is replic

ated pr...B an

d C

25% 25%25%25%

7. During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the spindle.

A. ProphaseB. MetaphaseC. AnaphaseD. Telophase /

Cytokinesis

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase / Cyto

kinesis

25% 25%25%25%

8. During which phase does the cell divide into two new cells?

A. ProphaseB. MetaphaseC. AnaphaseD. Telophase / Cytokinesis

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase / Cyto

kinesis

25% 25%25%25%

9. During which phase do the sister chromatids separate and begin moving towards the poles of the spindle?

A. ProphaseB. MetaphaseC. AnaphaseD. Telophase / Cytokinesis

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase / Cyto

kinesis

25% 25%25%25%

10. A piece of DNA that controls one trait / stores the information to produce 1 protein.

A. GeneB. ChromosomesC. ChromatidD. Homologous pair

Gene

Chromosomes

Chromatid

Homologous p

air

25% 25%25%25%

11. Cytokinesis in plant cells involves the formation of a ______________ . Cytokinesis in animal cells the involves formation of a _____________ .

A. Cell plate; cleavage furrowB. Cleavage furrow; cell plateC. Cell plate; cell plateD. Cleavage furrow; cleavage furrow

Cell plat

e; cleava

ge furro

w

Cleavage fu

rrow; ce

ll plate

Cell plat

e; cell p

late

Cleavage fu

rrow; cl

eava..

25% 25%25%25%

Cell plate forms in plant cells due to rigid cell wall.

Animal cells divide by pinching apart, forming cleavage furrow.

12. Which is the correct order of phases for mitosis?

A. Telophase, prophase, anaphase, metaphaseB. Anaphase, metaphase, telophase, prophaseC. Metaphase, telophase, anaphase, prophaseD. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophaseE. Prophase, telophase, anaphase, metaphase

Telophase, pro

phase, an...

Anaphase, m

etaphase, t...

Metaphase, telophase, ..

.

Prophase, metaphase, a

...

Prophase, telophase

, an...

20% 20% 20%20%20%

13. A gamete is

A. a body cellB. an egg or spermC. a diploid cellD. A and CE. B and C

a body cell

an egg or s

perm

a diploid cell

A and C

B and C

20% 20% 20%20%20%

14. The purpose of meiosis is

A. To produce new cells for growthB. To produce new cells for repair of

damage tissueC. To produce the gametes (egg or sperm)D. A and BE. A, B and C

To produce new ce

lls for...

To produce new ce

lls for...

To produce th

e gametes...

A and B

A, B and C

20% 20% 20%20%20%

15. Two chromosomes that are the same length and have genes for the same trait, but are not identical (can have different alleles of those traits) are called

A. A homologous pairB. Sister chromatidsC. AnalogsD. Chromatin

A homologous p

air

Sister c

hromatids

Analogs

Chromatin

25% 25%25%25%

16. Sister chromatids are present

A. in all cells, throughout the cell cycleB. only in cells that are undergoing

mitosisC. only in cells that are undergoing

meiosisD. only in cells undergoing cell division

(either mitosis or meiosis)

in all c

ells, th

roughout t

..

only in ce

lls that a

re un...

only in ce

lls that a

re un...

only in ce

lls undergoing c

e..

25% 25%25%25%

During normal cell activity (G1 of interphase) there is only one copy of each chromosome- which is very long and thin and therefore not visible under a microscope.When a cell is ready to divide (mitosis or meiosis) the chromosomes are first replicated to make the identical sister chromatids.

17. Different forms of a gene for the same trait (such as the gene forms for bushy vs. thin for eyebrows) may be found on

A. Homologous chromosomes

B. Sister chromatidsC. Both A and BD. Neither A nor B

Homologous c

hromosomes

Sister c

hromatids

Both A and B

Neither A

nor B

25% 25%25%25%

If “A” represents the arched eyebrows form of the gene and “a” represents the nonarched eyebrows form of the gene, note that both chromosomes in the homologous pair have a form of the eyebrow shape gene in the same position. However, it can be these different forms for the gene.

The sister chromatids have the same form. These two sister chromatids are copies produced by DNA replication and are identical (unless crossing over has occurred during meiosis)

18. Homologous pairs of chromosomes are present in cells that are

A. HaploidB. DiploidC. A gameteD. Both A and BE. A, B and C

Haploid

Diploid

A gamete

Both A and B

A, B and C

20% 20% 20%20%20%

19. Cells that are diploid include

A. Somatic cells (body cells)

B. Gametes (egg and sperm)

C. Both A and BD. Neither A nor B

Somatic cells

(body cells)

Gametes (egg

and sp

erm)

Both A and B

Neither A

nor B

25% 25%25%25%

Somatic (body ) cells have homologous pairs of chromosomes and are therefore diploid. One of each chromosome comes from each parent. Meiosis divides the cells to separate the homologous pairs so that each egg or sperm only has one of each chromosome and is therefore a haploid cell. In this way, one of each chromosomes is passed down to the offspring from each parent.

Egg and sperm

Body cells

20. In meiosis, the DNA is replicated ___ x, which is followed by ____ cell division(s), resulting in ____ cells.

A. 0; 1; 2B. 1; 1; 2C. 1; 1; 4D. 1; 2; 4E. 2; 2; 4

0; 1; 2

1; 1; 2

1; 1; 4

1; 2; 4

2; 2; 4

20% 20% 20%20%20%

Meiosis

21. Mitosis produces _______ cells and meiosis produces ________ cells.

A. haploid; diploidB. diploid; haploidC. haploid; haploidD. diploid; diploid

haploid; d

iploid

diploid; haploid

haploid; h

aploid

diploid; diploid

25% 25%25%25%

22. During meiosis I ___________ separate, whereas during mitosis _______ separate.

A. Homologous pairs; Sister chromatidsB. Sister chromatids; Homologous pairsC. Homologous pairs separate in both meiosis I

and mitosisD. Sister chromatids separate in both meiosis I

and mitosis

Homologous p

airs; S

ister...

Sister c

hromatids; Homo...

Homologous p

airs se

para..

Sister c

hromatids separa

t...

25% 25%25%25%

In mitosis, each chromosome lines up separately, so that the daughter cells still have pairs of chromosomes.

In meiosis I, the homologous pairs divide, so the daughter cells have only one of each chromosome. (The second division separates the sister chromatid copies.)

23. If a woman inherited the AW combination of allele for two genes from her father and the combination aw from her mother, which of the following processes will allow genetic recombination so that her offspring can inherit the combinations aW or Aw.

A. Independent assortment in meiosisB. Crossing over in meiosisC. A and BD. Recombination does not occur

Independent asso

rtment ..

Crossi

ng over in

meiosis

A and B

Recombination does n

ot...

25% 25%25%25%

24. The law of independent assortment means that

A. Homologous chromosomes can exchange segments of DNA

B. Sister chromatids separateC. Homologous chromosomes separateD. Each homologous pair lines up on

the spindle independently of all other pairs.

Homologous c

hromosom..

Sister c

hromatids separate

Homologous c

hromosom..

Each homologous p

air li...

25% 25%25%25%

If two different genes are on different chromosomes, recombinants (new combinations) are equally likely because there is 50% chance that the chromosomes will line up in either orientation during meiosis.

25. When two genes are on the same chromosome, genetic recombination (new combinations of possible genes)

A. Does not occurB. Can occur due to the law of

independent assortmentC. Can occur due to crossing overD. Can occur due to the law of

segregation

Does not o

ccur

Can occur d

ue to th

e law ..

Can occur d

ue to cr

ossin...

Can occur d

ue to th

e law...

25% 25%25%25%

Parental Combinations: ac and AC

Recombinant Chromosomes: Ac and aC

26. Cancer is caused by

A. Uncontrolled enzyme productionB. Uncontrolled meiotic divisionsC. Uncontrolled mitotic divisionsD. A decrease in enzyme activity

Uncontro

lled enzym

e pr...

Uncontro

lled m

eiotic div.

..

Uncontro

lled m

itotic d

ivi...

A decrease

in enzyme act.

..

25% 25%25%25%

27. Match the following words to the blanks.I. Benign A. A spread of cancer cells in the bodyII. Malignant B. A harmful / cancerous tumorIII. Metastasis C. A harmless / noncancerous tumor

A. I – A, II- B, III – CB. I- C, II-A, III-BC. I-C, II-B, III-AD. I-B, II-A, III- C

I – A, II

- B, II

I – C

I- C, II

-A, II

I-B

I-C, II

-B, III-A

I-B, II

-A, II

I- C

25% 25%25%25%

28. In cats, the number of chromosomes in body cells is 38. What is the number of chromosomes in their egg or sperm?

A. 19B. 23C. 28D. 76

19 23 28 76

25% 25%25%25%

The number of chromosomes in the body cells is the diploid (2n) number.

The number of chromosomes in the egg or sperm is the haploid (n) number.

If 2n = 38, than the egg or sperm will have half this number (one of each instead of two)

N= 19 for cats.

29. The haploid number of chromosomes for a horse is 32. The diploid number of chromosomes for horses is

A. 16B. 23C. 32D. 46E. 64

16 23 32 46 64

20% 20% 20%20%20%

30. Human cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes. Of these chromosome pairs, 22 pairs are homologous pairs (same length etc.) in both males and females. These are called the _______________ chromosomes.

A. AutosomalB. Sex chromosomesC. BenignD. X and YE. B and D

Autosomal

Sex chromoso

mes

Benign

X and Y

B and D

20% 20% 20%20%20%

Chromosome pairs 1-22 are the autosomal chromosomes that are homologous in both males and females.

31. The chromosomes from the person on the previous page, showed that the 23rd pair (the sex chromosomes) were not homologous with a longer X and a shorter Y. This shows that the chromosomes were from a

A. FemaleB. Male

Female

Male

50%50%

32. Recall that mitochondria have their own DNA which encodes proteins needed within the mitochondria. These mitochondrial genes always come from

A. the father since spermatogenesis (meiosis to produce sperm) produces larger cells

B. the father since only the father has a Y chromosome

C. the mother since oogenesis (meiosis to produce sperm) produces larger eggs

D. the mother since the mother has two X chromosomes the

fath

er sin

ce sperm

a...

the fa

ther since

only

the ...

the m

other s

ince oog

enes..

the moth

er since

the m

o...

25% 25%25%25%

Extension Question

The egg is much larger than the sperm and provides all of the mitochondria for the developing zygote (fertilized egg). Spermatogenesis produces four equal sized cells that are smaller. This process creates a greater quantity of sperm. Oogenesis produces 1 larger ovum (egg) and three nonfunctional polar bodies. Thus fewer eggs are produced, but they contain the organelles to be passed down to the zygote.

1.B2.A3.D4.B5.B6.D7.B8.D9.C10.A11.A12.D13.B14.C15. A

16. D17. A18. B19. A20. D21. B22. A23. C24. D25. C26. C27. C28. A29. E30. A31. B32. C