1- history + rail gauges
DESCRIPTION
Highway EngineeringTRANSCRIPT
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Railway HistoryRailways or rail Roads are a development of Tramways and Plateways.
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Age of Steam
Diesel Engines
Electric Power
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Railways Railway or Permanent-way is the combination of rails, sleepers, fittings, ballast etc.
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Rail Gauges
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DefinitionRail gauge is the distance between the inner sides of the two parallel rails that make up a single railway line.
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Dominant gauges
ft' in"mm5' 6"16765' 5.85"16685' 3"16005'15244' 11.85"15204' 8.5"14354' 6"13723' 6"10673' 5.35"10503' 3.37"10003' 4.1"9503'9142' 6"7622' 5.55"7502'6101' 11.6"600
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Dominant gauges
1,676mm (5ft6in)Indian gaugeIndia, Pakistan, Argentina, Chile1,668mm (5ft 5in)Iberian gaugePortugal, Spain1,600mm (5ft3in)Irish gaugeIreland and important minor gauge in Australia1,524mm (5ft)Russian gaugeFinland, Estonia1,520mm (4ft 11in)CIS states, Latvia, Lithuania, Mongolia1,435mm (4ft 8in)Standard gauge Europe, North America, China, Korea, Australia, Middle East, North Africa, Mexico, Cuba, Panama, Venezuela, Peru, Uruguay (60% of the world's railways) Also high-speed lines in Japan and Spain.1,067mm (3ft6in)Cape gaugeSouthern and Central Africa, Indonesia, Japan, Taiwan, Philippines, New Zealand, Australia1,000mm (3ft 3in)Meter gaugeIndia, Brazil, Bolivia, northern Chile, Kenya, Uganda
Gauge
Name
Usage
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INDO-PAK policy for GaugeThe total cost of construction railway directly depends on gauges, wider the gauge higher will be the cost.At the time of construction of railway the policy was adopted that the gauge will depend on the intensity of traffic.
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INDO-PAK policy for GaugeCommonly used gauges in INDO-PAK are
Broad Gauge
Meter Gauge
Narrow Gauge
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Broad GaugeBroad gauge refers to any gauge wider than standard gauge or 1,435mm (4ft 8in) Broad gauge is used to provide better stability and provide the easy transfer of rolling stock.It is used for main cities and routes of heavy intensities
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Meter GaugeMeter gauge is referred the gauge having a length equal to 1.00-m
It is used in undeveloped area having comparatively Less intensity.
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Narrow GaugeIn hilly areas and very thinly populated areas where it uneconomical to use Meter gauge, narrow gauge is used.
2-00 and 2-6 Narrow gauges are generally used.
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Common gauges in INDO-PAK
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Difficulties Due to Change in GaugeAt every change of gauge the passenger have to change the train which cause much inconvenience to the passengers.At the junction the goods are to be unloaded from the train and loaded into another which requires extra labor and goods likely to be damaged.The owner will have to pay extra charges for the labors causing increase in the price.Surplus wagons and engine of the one gauge can not be utilize on the other.
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Continued.During war times change in gauge causes extremes difficulties to the army and checks their quick movement.If the intensity of the traffic become more and requires wider gauge it will be impossible to change it because the change in gauge mean changing of each and everything i.e. rails, locomotives, bridges, tunnels etc.