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H PLHROFORIKH SHMERA – H PLHROFORIKH SHMERA – QEMELIWDH PROBLHMATA,QEMELIWDH PROBLHMATA,TECNOLOGIKES PROKLHSEISTECNOLOGIKES PROKLHSEIS

KAI EFARMOGES KAI EFARMOGES

SHFHS SHFAKHS

CNRS-VERIMAG

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PERIECOMENAPERIECOMENA

• H EXELIXH THS PLHROFORIKHS

• ENSWMATWMENA SUSTHMATA

• H EPISTHMH THS PLHROFORIKHS

• MELLONTIKES EFARMOGES

• SUMPERASMATA

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H EXELIXH THS PLHROFORIKHSH EXELIXH THS PLHROFORIKHS

1936: Qemeli/wsh - Alan Turing kai Kurt Goedel

1945: Crh/sh se episthmonikou/ς upologismou/ς - Stratiwtike/ς efarmoge//ς

1970: • Emporike//ς efarmoge/ς, orga/nwsh kai dioi/khsh

epiceirh/sewn• Prw/ta oloklhrwme/na kuklw/mata kai mikroskopikopoi/hsh –

no/moς tou Moore – ekqetikh/ au/xhsh twn upologistikw/n dunatoth/twn

1980: • Crh/sh diktu/wn, su/gklish upologistw/n kai thlepikoinwniw/n • Ponti/ki, Windows, epikoinwni/a me grafika/ (graphical interfaces)

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H EXELIXH THS PLHROFORIKHSH EXELIXH THS PLHROFORIKHS

1990: Diadi/ktuo - Gennie/tai h “Koinwni/a thς Plhrofori/aς”

2000 - Enswmatwme/na susth/mata : • hlektronika/ susth/mata me logismiko/ pou

crhsimopoiou/ntai se aeropla/na, autoki/nhta, trai/na, thle/fwna, hlektrika/ mhcanh/mata

• 98% twn chips ei/nai enswmatwme/na

• me thn ana/ptuxh tou Web, mia para/llhlh epana/stash ligo/tero orath/ alla/ me sobare/ς epiptw/seiς – makropro/qesma su/gklhsh twn du/o tecnologiw/n

ENSWMATWMENA SUSTHMATAENSWMATWMENA SUSTHMATA

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APOTELOUNTAI APO LOGISMIKO KAI ULIKOAPOTELOUNTAI APO LOGISMIKO KAI ULIKO

SCEDIASMENA GIA NA PARECOUN UPHRESIES POU EINAI SUCNA SCEDIASMENA GIA NA PARECOUN UPHRESIES POU EINAI SUCNA KRISIMESKRISIMES

ENSWMATWMENA SUSTHMATA: OIKONOMIKH SPOUDAIOTHTAENSWMATWMENA SUSTHMATA: OIKONOMIKH SPOUDAIOTHTA

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Strathgikh/ςς shmasi/aςς gia pollou/j biomhcanikou/j tomei/j• Ne/eςς leitourgi/eςς kai uphresi/eς sta katanalwtika/ agaqa/• Ku/ria phgh/ prostiqe/menhςς axi/aς – eidika/ to enswmatwme/no logismiko/• Antagwnistika/ pleonekth/mata• O tacu/tera auxano/menoς kla/doς stiς tecnologi/eς thς Plhroforikh/ς

Para/deigma : autoki/nhta me pa/nw apo/ 80 epexergaste/ς

H Eurw/ph e/cei exe/cousa qe/sh se tomei/ς stou/ς opoi/ouς oi enswmatwme/neς tecnologi/eς pai/zoun

basiko/ ro/lo

• Biomhcani/a : aeropla/na, autoki/nhta, dia/sthma, trai/na, hlektronikeς suskeue/ς, thlepikoinwni/eς, dianomh/ ene/rgeiaς• Uphresi/eς : e-Ugei/a, e-Ekpai/deush

ENSWMATWMENA SUSTHMATA: TOMH STIS TPENSWMATWMENA SUSTHMATA: TOMH STIS TP

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Ta ES pre/pei na ikanopoiou/n tecnike/ς kai oikonomike/ς apaith/seiς pou den mporou/n na ikanopoih/soun oi shmerine/ς episthmonike/ς kai tecnike/ς maς gnw/seiς

• Antidrastiko/thta : mporei/ ta progra/mmata tou/ upologisth/ saς na mhn apantou/n stiς entoleς saς – auto/ den epitre/petai gia ton auto/matato pilo/to enoς aeropla/nou

• Autonomi/a : mporei/ ta progra/mmata tou upologisth/ saς na mploka/roun kai na creiastei/ na ton epanekkinh/sete - ta ES pre/pei na pare/coun sunecei/ς uphresi/eς cwri/ς anqrw/pinh pare/mbash

• Anqektiko/thta : ta logismika/ saς ei/nai eupro/sblhta apo/ iou/ς kai h leitourgi/a touς mporei/ na diakopei/ apo bla/beς tou ulikou/ h/ la/qh ekte/leshς - ta ES pre/pei na leitourgou/n swsta/ ako/ma kai se peri/ptwsh blabw/n, laqw/n kai epiqe/sewn

Epi ple/on ta ES pre/pei na ikanopoiou/n oikonomika/ krith/ria (beltistopoi/hshς ko/stouς /poio/thtaς)

Oi shmerine/ς tecnologi/eς ei/nai adikaiolo/ghta polu/plokeς kai ka/noun kakh/ crh/sh twn po/rwn (ene/rgeia, mnh/mh,

cro/noς)

ENSWMATWMENA SUSTHMATA: POU BRISKOMASTEENSWMATWMENA SUSTHMATA: POU BRISKOMASTE

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Sh/mera mporou/me na fteia/cnome– me uvhlo/ ko/stoς :

- Polu/ploka“best effort” susth/mata Kinhta /thle/fwna

Mega/lh poluploko/thta - me/tria asfa/leia

- Kri/sima susth/mata ele/gcou Auto/matoj pilo/to ς

Mikrh/ poluploko/thta - uvhlh / asfa/leia

To tecnologiko/ o/rama

Polu/ploka “susth/mata susthma/twn”

- Auto/matoi autokinhto/dromoi

- Sus/thma Enae/riaς Kuklofori/aς neaς geniaς

- « Ambient Intelligence »

Polu / mega/lh poluploko/thta – uvhlh/ asfa/leia

SUSTHMA ENAERIAS KUKLOFORIAS NEAS SUSTHMA ENAERIAS KUKLOFORIAS NEAS GENIAS GENIAS

Ei/nai efikto/?Ei/nai efikto/?

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J. Sifakis Component-based Modeling First European-SouthAmerican School on Embedded SystemsJ. Sifakis Component-based Modeling First European-SouthAmerican School on Embedded Systems August 21-24, 2007 August 21-24, 2007 10

Crhsimopoiei/tai edw/ kai 124 cronia

H EPISTHMH THS PLHROFORIKHSH EPISTHMH THS PLHROFORIKHS

Fusikh/ Plhroforikh/

H Plhroforikh/, ne/a episth/mh, den e/cei qewrhtike/ς ba/seiς ana/logeς me aute/ς twn a/llwn episthmw/n

H EPISTHMH THS PLHROFORIKHSH EPISTHMH THS PLHROFORIKHS

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Kataskeua/zome ta polu/ploka plhroforika/ susth/mata o/pwς ta gefu/ria ton mesai/wna :

• Pc. e/naς epexergasth/ς scedia/zetai apo merike/ς cilia/deς mhcanikou/ς cwri/ς eggu/hsh epituci/aς

• Se 100 mega/la e/rga plhroforikh/ς, 40 apotugca/noun oloscerw/ς, 30 merikw/ς, kai mo/no 30 epitugca/noun

Kai an ako/ma xe/rame na fteia/cnome te/leio uliko/ kai logismiko/, den xe/rome na fteia/cnome susth/mata pou ikanopoiou/n dedome/neς apaith/seiς poio/thtaς kai epido/sewn

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TI EINAI PLHROFORIA

H plhrofori/a ei/nai dedome/na (domh/, sce/sh), sta opoi/a mporou/me na prosdw/some mia shmasi/a, mia e/nnoia.

Ariqmhtikh/ : 4, 2+2, IV, d’Kei/meno : Anqrwpoj, man, homme,

H plhrofori/a ei/nai:• Onto/thta xecwristh/ apo/ th/n u/lh kai thn ene/rgeia. • /Aulh, ane/xarthth tou tro/pou anapara/stashς thς - auto/ pou thn carakthri/zei ei/nai h shmasi/a thς

Gia na ulopoihqei/ creia/zontai plhroforika/ me/sa: h/coς, eiko/na, vhfiakh/ anapara/stash, kei/meno klp

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TA SUSTHMATA

Apo/ thn arcaio/thta o a/nqrwpoς ka/nei susth/mata empneo/menoς apo/ tou zwntanou/ς organismou/ς

Hlektromhcanika/ susth/mata : metaschmati/zoun u/lh-ene/rgeia kai para/goun e/rgo : mocloi/, troco/j, a/rotro, autoki/nhto, aeropla/no

Plhroforika/ susth/mata : metaschmati/zoun h/ metadi/doun plhrofori/a

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MIKTA SUSTHMATA

Automatismo/ς : ena plhroforiko/ su/sthma pou allhlepidra/ me e/na hlektromhcaniko/ :

Ilia/da e -750H de Hra ctu/phse grh/gora me to masti/gi t’a/loga kai auto/mata bro/nthxan oi pu/leς tou ouranou/ pou fu/lagan oi Wreς

PLHROFORIKES MHCANES

pa/thmapa/thma

pa/thmapa/thma

Diako/pthj me koumpi/Diako/pthj me koumpi/

mm hh ll oo

Hlektrikh/ kleidaria/Hlektrikh/ kleidaria/

≠≠hh ≠≠ll ≠≠oo

≠≠mm

xeklei/dwmaxeklei/dwma

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QEMELIWDEIS NOMOI THS PLHROFORIKHS

H mhcanh/ tou Turing kaqori/zei thn e/nnoia tou algori/qmou– meqo/dou epi/lhshj eno/j problh/matoj

Mh apofasistiko/thta : upa/rcoun problh/mata gia ta opoi/a den upa/rcei algo/riqmoj pou na ta lu/neiPolla/ problh/mata sthn Plhroforikh/ ei/nai mh apofasi/sima pc. an e/na pro/gramma teleiw/nei, an mia poso/thta mnh/mhj ei/nai arketh/ gia na ektelestei/ e/na pro/gramma

Poluploko/thta : ka/qe apofasi/simo pro/blhma carakthri/zetai mia/ poluploko/thta pou/ metrie/tai se cro/no ei/te se mnh/mh, suna/rthsh thj poluploko/thtaj twn dedome/nwn

POLUPLOKOTHTA DEDOMENWN - EKRHXH KATASTASEWN

2 katasta/seij

22 katasta/seij

23 katasta/seij

~2300

QEMELIWDH PROBLHMATA-ASFALEIA

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Sh/mera : gia ka/qe kri/simh leitourgi/a, diaqe/tome ek

twn prote/rwn o/louj touj po/rouj gia prostasi/a apo/

bla/bej, la/qh, apro/blepta gegono/ta

Upologisth/jUpologisth/j

Upologisth/jUpologisth/j

Upologisth/jUpologisth/j

Diaithth/jDiaithth/j

Au/rio : ena sunoliko/ apo/qema upologistikw/n

po/rwn pou to su/sthma crhsimopoiei/ kata/ tro/po

noh/mona

EPILOGH PLANWN

PROSARMOSTIKOTHTA-PWS LEITOURGOUME

MNHMH-EKMAQHSH

EPILOGH STOCWN

Kali/tera sinema/

1) pa/w gh/pedo 2)pa/w sinema/ 3) pa/w tabe/rna

PROSARMOSTIKOTHTA

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MNHMH-EKMAQHSH

STRATHGIKH – IERARCIA STOCWN

EPILOGH STOCWN

ELEGCOMENO SUSTHMA

TAKTIKES GIA EPITEUXH SUGKEKRIMENWN STOCWN

SUSTHMA ELEGCOU

epiloge/j

kata/stash

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TECNOLOGIA KAI EREUNA

Sh/mera upa/rcei ca/sma metaxu/• thj tacei/aj proo/dou twn tecnologiw/n thj hlektronikh/j• thj e/lleivhj qewrhtikw/n kai tecnikw/n ba/sewn gia thn ana/ptuxh susthma/twn pou ikanopoiou/n dedome/nej apaith/seij Oi tecnologi/ej thj hlektronikh/j procwrou/n polu/ pio grh/gora apo/ tij episthmonike/j maj gnw/seij scetika/ me thn kataskeuh/ susthma/twn, kuri/wj kata/ du/o kateuqu/nseij• Thn mikroskopikopoi/hsh twn chips apo/ thn nanotecnologi/a pou pollaplasia/zei tij upologistike/j ikano/thtej kai qa epitre/vei piqano/n mia su/gklish metaxu/ Plhroforikh/j, Hlektronikh/j kai Moriakh/j biologi/aj• Thn crh/sh diktu/wn kai thlepikoinwniw/n pou epitre/poun su/ndesh metaxu/ susthma/twn kinhtw/n kai staqerw/n

Hdh den ei/maste se qe/sh na ekmetalleutou/me apotelesmatika/ tij dunato/thtej orisme/nwn tecnologiw/n

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TECNOLOGIA KAI EREUNA

Oi sunqh/keς paragwgh/ς gnw/sewn a/llaxan rizika/ ta teleutai/a 50 cronia. Pera/same apo tou/ς memonwme/nouς ereunhte/ς se oma/dej ereunhtw/n - paragwgh/ se scedo/n biomhcanikh/ kli/maka.

Tria allhle/ndeta ei/dh e/reunaj

• Basikh/ e/reuna : diereuna/ ta qemeliw/dh problh/mata kai para/gei ta basika/ apotele/smata

• Efarmosme/nh e/reuna : crhsimopoiei tij basike/j gnw/seij gia thn anaptuxh meqo/dwn scedi/ashj susthma/twn.

• Tecnologikh/ e/reuna : anaptu/ssei sunistw/nta stoicei/a (components) kai ergalei/a

Polaplasiastikh/ dunamikh/ – positive feedback - Den mporou/me na fantasqou/me pro/odo sthn qewrhtikh/ e/reuna komme/nh apo ta problh/mata kai thn tecnologi/a

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TECNOLOGIKA IDRUMATA

Ta mega/la amerikanika/ panepisth/mia sundua/zoun me pollh/ epituci/a ta tri/a ei/dh e/reunaj. Mporou/n na sugkentrw/soun kri/simh ma/za kai vhlo/ epi/pedo (excellence) kai/ e/coun touj mhcanismou/j gia thn metafora/ thj kainotomi/aj apo/ thn e/reuna sthn biomhcani/a.

• Sh/mera den e/come sthn Eurw/ph mega/la tecnologika/ ke/ntra o/pwj auta/ twn HPA. Eurwpaike/j prwtobouli/ej gia i/drush tou European Institute of Technology

• To epa/ggelma tou ereunhth/ kai tou panepisthmiakou/ den ei/nai arketa/ elkustiko/

• H tecnologikh/ e/reuna sthn Eurw/ph usterei/ ape/nanti sthn amerikanikh/ e/reuna

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EREUNA KAI BIOMHCANIA STA ES

Pleonekth/mata thj Eurw/phj

• Iscure/j qe/seij se biomhcanikou/j tomei/j pou anaptu/soun

kai crhsimopoiou/n ES. Upa/rcei en duna/mei agora/ sthn

Eurw/ph

• Eidiko/ pro/gramma gia thn ana/ptuxh pro-antagwnistikh/j

R&D

• Para/dosh sthn ana/ptuxh susthma/twn, mhcanikou/j, me

euru/ fa/sma gnw/sewn

Meionekth/mata

• Mikro/terej dunato/thtej metafora/j thj kainotomi/aj

• Oci arkete/j prwtobouli/ej gia tupopoi/hsh (stantards)

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EFARMOGES - AUTOKINHTA

Pio si/goura, pio oikonomika/, ligo/terh ru/pansh

“Energh /asfa/leia” : boh/qeia ston odhgo/ se du/skolej katasta/seij (drive-by-wire, brake-by-wire)

Auto/matoi autokinhto/dromoi : arce/j dekaeti/aj 90 to amerikaniko/ sce/dio PATH (Berkeley) ape/deixe thn dunato/thta se mikrh/ kli/maka.

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EFARMOGES - IATRIKH

Ceirourgikh/ me th boh/qeia rompo/t gia asfa/leia kai akri/beia kata th/n epe/mbash

Ana/lush iatrikw/n eiko/nwn – katano/hsh twn leitourgeiw/n tou sw/matoj kai idiai/tera tou egkefa/lou

Su/gklish nanotecnologiw/n, biotecnologiw/n, plhroforikh/j, gnwsiologi/aj (cognitive sciences) me sto/co th belti/wsh twn epidwsewn tou anqrwpou – sunduasmo/j tecnhth/j kai fusikh/j nohmosu/nhj.

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EFARMOGES-IATRIKH

Kardogra/fojPieso/metro

Qermo/metro

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DIKTUA NOHMONWN AISQHTHRWN

1. An unmanned plane (UAV) deploys motes1. An unmanned plane (UAV) deploys motes

2.2. Motes establish an sensor network Motes establish an sensor network with power managementwith power management

3.3.Sensor network detectsSensor network detects

vehicles and wakes up vehicles and wakes up the sensor nodesthe sensor nodes

Zzz...Zzz...

DIKTUA NOHMONWN AISQHTHRWN

SentrySentry

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EFARMOGES – DIADIKTUO TWN ANTIKEIMENWN

The Internet of things: Su/gklish tecnologiw/n i/nternet kai/ enswmatwme/nwn susthma/twn

Crh/sh tou diadiktu/ou gia pro/sbash oci mo/nose vhfiaka/ e/ggrafa alla kai se antikei/mena, pc. oikiake/j suskeue/j, iatrika/ o/rgana, emporeu/mata

Diaqe/simo se mia dekaeti/a

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SUMPERASMATA

Oi enswmatwme/nej tecnologi/ej ei/nai mia tomh/ stij tecnologi/ej tij plhroforikh/j. Eukairi/a gia thn Eurw/ph pou e/cei ana/gkh aute/j tij tecnologi/ej gia na diathrh/sei th sunagwnistiko/thta thj kai na pai/xei hgetiko/ ro/lo.

H vhfiake/j tecnologi/ej, a/llaxan kai qa alla/xoun ako/ma rizikw/tera ton tro/po pou douleu/ome, maqai/nome, skepto/maste, diaskeda/zome. Creia/zetai na analu/some kai katanoh/some tij epiptw/seij touj, na tij crhsimopoih/some swsta/.

• Kakh/ crh/sh tou diadiktu/ou den pre/pei na qe/tei upo/ amfisbh/thsh tij atomike/j eleuqeri/ej• Epagru/pnhsh gia thn prostasi/a twn atomikw/n dedome/nwn

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SUMERASMATA- QETIKES EPISTHMES

MAQHMATIKA-LOGIKH

PLHROFORIKHFUSIKH BIOLOGIA

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SUMPERASMATA – TI MAS MAQAINEI H PLHROFORIKH

H Plhroforikh/ •Sthri/zetai sta/ diakrita/ maqhmatika/. Emplouti/zei tij gnw/seij maj gia ta diakrita/ susth/mata kai tij mhcane/j

• Protei/nei e/na pio kataskeuastiko/ tro/po montelopoi/hshj. Ta monte/la thj bri/skoun efarmoge/j sthn oikonomi/a, stij koinwnike/j episth/mej, thn biologi/a

Suna/nthsh tecnhth/j kai fusikh/j nohmosu/nhjKoina/ caracthristika/ : • crh/sh mnh/mhj, • uliko/-logismiko/, • crh/sh glwssw/n, Diafore/j : • afai/resh – dhmiourgi/a ennoiw/n• prosarmostiko/thta - • ….

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EUCARISTWEUCARISTW