1. gis (geographical infomation system)

7/29/2019 1. GIS (Geographical Infomation System)

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A J I T E S H G U P T A ( 1 0 1 5 0 5 )

A K S H A Y J A I S W A L ( 1 0 1 5 0 7 )

C I V I L 3 R D Y E A R

J U E T

S U P E R V I S I N G F A C U L T Y : D R . S . G A N D H I

ADVANCED SURVEY

TECHNIQUES


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Surveying

Definition:

Surveying is the science and art of determining therelative positions of points above, on, or beneath the

earths surface and locating the points in the field.

Why need Advanced surveying?

Ans : To continue to reduce the time and cost required to perform asurvey while improving accuracy and completeness throughautomation, and technology.


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GIS: a formal definition3

A system for capturing, storing, checking,integrating, manipulating, analysing anddisplaying data which are spatially referenced to

the Earth. This is normally considered to involve aspatially referenced computer database andappropriate applications software


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What is GIS?

A Geographic Information System (GIS) is acomputer-based system including software,hardware, people, and geographic information

A GIS can:

create, edit, query, analyze, and display map informationon the computer


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GIS concepts are not new!5

London cholera epidemic 1854

Cholera death

Water pump

Soho

+


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Constituents of GIS


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Geographic information systems


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GIS Data Structures

Vector Made up of points, lines, and polygons


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GIS Data Structures

Raster (Grids) Made up of pixels of computer screen


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Software for GIS: The Main Players

ESRI, Inc., Redlands, CA clear market leader with about a third of the market

originated commercial GIS with their ArcInfo product in 1981

privately owned by Jack Dangermond, a legend in the field

Strong in gov., education, utilities and business logistics

MapInfo, Troy N.Y. Aggressive newcomer in early 1990s, but now well-established.

Strong presence in business, especially site selection & marketing, and telecom

Autodesk (San Rafael, CA)

Began as PC-based CAD, but now the dominant CAD supplier

First GIS product AutoCAD Map introduced in 1996

Primarily small business/small city customer base

The main two

pure GIS

companies.


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The benefits of GIS include:11

Better information management

Higher quality analysis

Ability to carryout what if? scenarios

Improve project efficiency


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Remote sensing system

The gathering of information from an object or surface

without direct contact.


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Types

Passive Remote Sensing

Photography

Radiometers

Infrared

Active Remote Sensing

RADARLiDAR


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Optical Remote System

Optical remote sensing makes use of visible, near infrared

and short-wave infrared sensors to form images of the

earth's surface by detecting the solar radiation reflected

from targets on the ground.


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Panchromatic Imaging System

A single channel sensor is used to detect radiation

If range of wavelength and the visible range become same

then the imagery will appear as a black and white

photograph taken from space


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RADAR System

Radio Detection And Ranging

Object detection system which uses electromagnetic

waves determine range, direction or speed


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LiDAR System

Light Detection And Ranging

Measures distance by sending pulses of laser light that

strike and reflect from the surface of earth.


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Airport

Surveying-GIS

Program

AS EXAMPLE


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What Is The Length Of This Runway?


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How The Program Is Designed To Help

Airports-GIS provides

the foundation forconnecting the

airports, FAA, and

other agencies

A central database

for storing survey,

charting, analysis,

and planning data

The Airport Surveying-GIS program provides asingle po rtalfor the collection and dissemination

of standards based verified source data to support

future design, mapping, surveying, and

construction activities from a known good

(independent verification and validation) and

maintained data set.


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Examples of Applied GIS

Urban Planning, Management &Policy Zoning, subdivision planning Land acquisition Economic development Code enforcement Housing renovation programs Emergency response Crime analysis Tax assessment

Environmental Sciences Monitoring environmental risk Modeling stormwater runoff Management of watersheds, floodplains,

wetlands, forests, aquifers Environmental Impact Analysis Hazardous or toxic facility siting Groundwater modeling and contamination

tracking

Political Science Redistricting Analysis of election results Predictive modeling

Civil Engineering/Utility Locating underground facilities Designing alignment for freeways, transit Coordination of infrastructure maintenance

Business Demographic Analysis Market Penetration/ Share Analysis Site Selection

Education Administration Attendance Area Maintenance Enrollment Projections School Bus Routing

Real Estate Neighborhood land prices Traffic Impact Analysis Determination of Highest and Best Use

Health Care Epidemiology

Needs Analysis Service Inventory


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IN THE NEXT PRESENTATION..

MORE APPLICATIONS OF GIS

CASE STUDY- GIS IN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING

TOTAL STATION


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REFERENCES

http://www.howstuffworks.com/radar.htm

http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/

2e.html

www.howstuffworks.com www.remotesearch.in

http://www.tutavivito.com
http://www.howstuffworks.com/radar.htmhttp://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/2e.htmlhttp://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/2e.htmlhttp://www.howstuffworks.com/http://www.remotesearch.in/http://www.tutavivito.com/http://www.tutavivito.com/http://www.remotesearch.in/http://www.howstuffworks.com/http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/2e.htmlhttp://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/2e.htmlhttp://www.howstuffworks.com/radar.htm


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1. gis (geographical infomation system)

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