1

Getting Civilized10,000 – 600 BCE.

UNIT ONEUNIT ONE

4

Farming and Farming and civilizations?civilizations?

Where did they Where did they come from?come from?

I thought I thought we were stillwe were stillhunting andhunting andgathering!gathering!

5

Today10k years ago200k yrs ago

Paleolithic Age

……and changes and changes have always been-have always been-

Let’s look for Let’s look for a minute at a minute at the changes the changes

that have that have already already

taken place.taken place.

And still are-And still are-part of part of human human history.history.

Units 1-7

Farming and Farming and civilizations are civilizations are

the result of the result of CHANGECHANGE……

6

Today10k years ago200k yrs ago

Paleolithic Age

The Paleolithic The Paleolithic Age covers the Age covers the

period from period from 2,000,000 to 2,000,000 to

10,000 years ago.10,000 years ago.

Many changes Many changes occurred during occurred during

this period.this period.

Shall we do Shall we do aa

quick quick review?review?

Units 2-7

7

200k yrs ago

Human Origins

Today10k years ago

Paleolithic Age

Homo erectus doing lunch

Recall that life Recall that life during the early during the early

part of the part of the Paleolithic Age Paleolithic Age

looked looked something like something like

this.this.

8

10k years ago200k yrs ago

Human Origins

Today

Paleolithic Age

Units 1-7

Homo sapiens at home

10,000 years ago at 10,000 years ago at the close of the the close of the

Paleolithic Age, life Paleolithic Age, life looked more like this:looked more like this:

12

1,000 years ago Today

Units 2-7

10,000 years ago

Unit 1

Remember:Remember:

Changes that occurred by the end of the Paleolithic AgeChanges that occurred by the end of the Paleolithic Age(Beginning of Unit 1)(Beginning of Unit 1)

1.1. Homo sapiensHomo sapiens appear. appear.2.2. Language develops.Language develops.3.3. Habitats expand.Habitats expand.4.4. Technology increases.Technology increases.5.5. Wall painting and Wall painting and

sculpture are created.sculpture are created.End of the Paleolithic Age(Beginning of

Unit 1)

13

Keeping those changesKeeping those changes in mind, let’s lookin mind, let’s look

at life all the way at the at life all the way at the end of Unit 1, that is, end of Unit 1, that is,

about 600 BCE.about 600 BCE.

1,000 years ago10,000 years ago Today

Unit 1

Units 2-7Paleolithic Age

14

1,000 years ago10,000 years ago Today

Unit 1

Units 2-7Paleolithic Age

15

Quite a few,Quite a few,Huh?Huh?

Notice any Notice any Differences?Differences?

16

Jot down some Jot down some notes on any notes on any changes you changes you observe that observe that have taken have taken

place between place between 10,000 and 600 10,000 and 600

BCE.BCE.

HERE?HERE toto

So, how did we So, how did we get from…get from…

17

which reflects the which reflects the DOMESTICATIONDOMESTICATION of… of…

and plantsand plantsanimalsanimals

1,000 years ago Today

Units 2-7

10,000 years ago

Unit 1

Paleolithic Age

One of the major changes is One of the major changes is reflected in this frieze on a reflected in this frieze on a wall in Mesopotamia (today wall in Mesopotamia (today Iraq) :Iraq) :

18

Have you ‘herd’ Have you ‘herd’ about pastoralism?about pastoralism?

Domestication of plants and animals was a monumental change.

It resulted in the new way of It resulted in the new way of living we know as living we know as

FARMINGFARMING(AGRICULTURE)…(AGRICULTURE)…

1,000 years ago Today

Units 2-7

10,000 years ago

Unit 1

Paleolithic Age

……which included both which included both PASTORALISMPASTORALISM

(herding sheep, goats, cattle, (herding sheep, goats, cattle, horses, and camels),horses, and camels),

and…and…

19

Crop-growingCrop-growing(cultivating domesticated (cultivating domesticated

plants),plants),

and…and…

1,000 years ago Today

Units 2-7

10,000 years ago

Unit 1

Paleolithic Age

20

the development of…the development of…FARMING FARMING

COMMUNITIES…COMMUNITIES… known as theknown as the

Agricultural Revolution Agricultural Revolution or or

Neolithic RevolutionNeolithic Revolution

1,000 years ago Today

Units 2-7

10,000 years ago

Unit 1

Paleolithic Age

21

MesoamericaMesoamerica

AndesAndes AmazoniaAmazonia

Eastern North AmericaEastern North America

New GuineaNew Guinea

ChinaChina

EthiopiaEthiopia

WestWestAfricaAfrica

Fertile CrescentFertile Crescent

Between about 12,000 and 1,000 BCE, farmingBetween about 12,000 and 1,000 BCE, farmingappeared INDEPENDENTLY in a number of places,appeared INDEPENDENTLY in a number of places,

possibly in all of the places marked in red on the map.possibly in all of the places marked in red on the map.

1,000 years ago Today

Units 2-7

10,000 years ago

Unit 1

Paleolithic Age

Nile valleyNile valley

22

Prior to farming, Prior to farming, population size in any population size in any one area was limitedone area was limitedby the availability of wild by the availability of wild game, grain, berries, game, grain, berries, seeds, and nuts.seeds, and nuts.

Farming and the large, Farming and the large, relatively dependable relatively dependable crops it provides crops it provides allowed for…allowed for…

POPULATION POPULATION GROWTHGROWTH

That means That means population population

increases in certain increases in certain areas. Population in areas. Population in those areas became those areas became

both larger and both larger and denser.denser.

23

At the same time, At the same time, farmers in some farmers in some

places were, in spite places were, in spite of population growth,of population growth,

able to produceable to produce SURPLUS food.SURPLUS food.

What does What does SURPLUS SURPLUS

FOOD FOOD PRODUCTIONPRODUCTION

mean for a mean for a society?society?

24

                                                                 

SURPLUS FOOD SURPLUS FOOD PRODUCTIONPRODUCTION……

……means that not means that not everyone has to grow everyone has to grow food or tend animals. food or tend animals. They can take on other They can take on other tasks. They can tasks. They can specialize in some non-specialize in some non-farming task. farming task.

25

This is called…This is called…

Job Specialization.Job Specialization.Men and women may Men and women may

become:become:

• WeaversWeavers• Stone MasonsStone Masons• PottersPotters• PriestsPriests• Scribes Scribes • TradersTraders• Army officersArmy officers

26

So, let’s have a So, let’s have a quick review of that quick review of that

last sequence of last sequence of events.events.

27

Domestication of Plants and AnimalsDomestication of Plants and Animals

FarmingFarming

Surplus FoodSurplus Food SpecializationSpecializationPopulationPopulationIntensificationIntensification

Complex Society,Complex Society,also known asalso known asCIVILIZATIONCIVILIZATION

1,000 years ago Today

Units 2-7

10,000 years ago

Unit 1

Paleolithic Age

28

Hint, hint!Hint, hint!

You might want You might want to make a note to make a note of these as we of these as we

go along.go along.

Civilizations have a number Civilizations have a number of elements in common.of elements in common.

29

CivilizationCivilization

Remember it.Remember it.Write it down.Write it down.

Did you catchDid you catchthat term?that term?

Can you Can you define define

it?it?

Answer: A civilization is a complex society Answer: A civilization is a complex society or culture in which large numbers of human or culture in which large numbers of human share a number of common elements. share a number of common elements.

30

Elements of civilization include:Elements of civilization include:

Mohenjo Daro

Hammurabi’sLaw Code

It’s thelaw

Pharaohs

1)1) CitiesCities

2) Central governments 2) Central governments And Law codesAnd Law codes

31

1)1) CitiesCities

2) Central governments 2) Central governments and law codesand law codes

Elements of Civilization include:Elements of Civilization include:

Can you identifyCan you identify the societythe societyrepresentedrepresented

by each of these two by each of these two writing samples?writing samples?

3) Writing and 3) Writing and record keepingrecord keeping

4) Highly organized religions4) Highly organized religions

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3) Writing and 3) Writing and record keepingrecord keeping

4) Highly organized 4) Highly organized religionreligion

Full-time monk

Assyrian slavesIn Egypt

6) Social Classes6) Social Classes

1)1) CitiesCities

2) Central Governments 2) Central Governments and law codesand law codes

Elements of Civilization include:Elements of Civilization include:

33

6) Arts & 6) Arts & ArchitectureArchitecture

Chariot

5) Social classes5) Social classes

Bronze Sword

3) Writing and 3) Writing and record keepingrecord keeping

4) Highly organized 4) Highly organized religionreligion

1)1) CitiesCities

2) Central governments 2) Central governments and law codesand law codes

Elements of Civilization include:Elements of Civilization include:

34

Can you Can you remember ?remember ?

Let’s Let’s check!check!

Can you list Can you list some of thesome of the

elements of a elements of a civilization?civilization?

Clue: Clue: There were There were

6!6!

35

Good job, Good job, huh?huh?

Check your answers below:

Good job if your list includes:

1.1. CitiesCities 2.2. Central governments and law codesCentral governments and law codes3.3. Writing and record-keepingWriting and record-keeping4. Social classes4. Social classes5.5. Arts & architectureArts & architecture6.6. Highly organized religionsHighly organized religions

36

3,000 years ago

By 3,000 BCE, societies in Southwest Asia and Egypt were developing elements of complex societies.

Are we Are we supposedsupposed

to be takingto be takingnotes on this?notes on this?

1,000 years ago Today

Units 2-7

10,000 years ago

Unit 1

Paleolithic Age

37

By the end of Unit By the end of Unit 1, about 600 BCE, 1, about 600 BCE, there were several there were several

well-established well-established civilizations in civilizations in Afroeurasia.Afroeurasia.

There were There were also two new also two new ones in the ones in the Americas. Americas.

At least two civilizations in At least two civilizations in Afroeurasia, the Minoan in the Afroeurasia, the Minoan in the Mediterranean region and the Mediterranean region and the

Harappan in the Indus River valley Harappan in the Indus River valley had already come and gone.had already come and gone.

38

Now, looking back over Unit 1,

let’s review the major changes.

1,000 years ago Today

Units 2-7

10,000 years ago

Unit 1

Paleolithic Age

39

Domestication of Plants and AnimalsDomestication of Plants and Animals

FarmingFarming

Surplus FoodSurplus Food SpecializationSpecializationPopulationPopulationIntensificationIntensification

Complex Society,Complex Society,also known asalso known asCIVILIZATIONCIVILIZATION

1,000 years ago Today

Units 2-7

10,000 years ago

Unit 1

Paleolithic Age

40

That translates into:That translates into:

FarmersFarmersHerdersHerdersCitiesCities

Central governmentsCentral governmentsArmiesArmies

Monumental buildingsMonumental buildingsWritten languageWritten languageSocial hierarchiesSocial hierarchies

Complex belief systemsComplex belief systems

In 10,000 BCE none of these existed in the world. By 600 BCE they all did.In 10,000 BCE none of these existed in the world. By 600 BCE they all did.

41

.

Not only has life changed Not only has life changed culturally and culturally and

technologically, but also technologically, but also the rate of change has the rate of change has

accelerated.accelerated.

10k years ago

Art

200k yrs ago

Language

Paleolithic Age

Today

Units 2-7

1k years ago

Dogs, sheep. goats, horses, wheat, rice, Dogs, sheep. goats, horses, wheat, rice, chiles, potatoes—all domesticatedchiles, potatoes—all domesticated

Plow farmingPlow farming

Law CodesLaw Codes

ChariotsChariots

Temple buildingTemple building

Sailing technologySailing technology

CopperCoppersmeltingsmelting

AlphabetAlphabet

WheelWheel

WritingWriting

IrrigationIrrigation

Regular trade routesRegular trade routes

CalendarsCalendars

PotteryPottery

Bow & arrowBow & arrow

PyramidsPyramids

Walled citiesWalled cities

Letters andLetters andenvelopesenvelopes

360-degree circle360-degree circle

Unit 1

42

Make a few Make a few notes and notes and

discuss this discuss this question with question with your teacher your teacher and fellow and fellow students.students.

What factors What factors do you think do you think

might account might account for this for this

increasing rate increasing rate of change?of change?

You may have noticed You may have noticed that the difference that the difference

between the rate of between the rate of change in the change in the

Paleolithic Age and in Paleolithic Age and in Unit 1 is enormous.Unit 1 is enormous.

43

Come to think of it, things Come to think of it, things changed REALLY fast In changed REALLY fast In

the 20th century. I wonder the 20th century. I wonder what the rate of change is what the rate of change is going to be like in the 21st going to be like in the 21st

century?century?

As you move on to As you move on to Unit 2 (600 BCE to Unit 2 (600 BCE to

1450 AD), keep your 1450 AD), keep your eye on the rate of eye on the rate of

change. Does it keep change. Does it keep increasing? Level increasing? Level off? Slow down?off? Slow down?

Do the factors you Do the factors you have identified as have identified as

affecting the rate of affecting the rate of change in the change in the

Paleolithic Age and Paleolithic Age and Unit 1 still apply?Unit 1 still apply?

44

Well, that’s all for Well, that’s all for Unit 1, but don’t Unit 1, but don’t

go away.go away.

Hang on to Hang on to your notes and your notes and

stay tuned stay tuned for…for…

45

Unit 2 !Unit 2 !Coming SOON Coming SOON to a classroom to a classroom

near you.near you.